1、线程池ThreadPoolExecutor介绍
构造方法
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
默认构造方法
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
}
默认的线程工厂和拒绝策略
private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler =
new AbortPolicy();
static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
private final ThreadGroup group;
private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
private final String namePrefix;
DefaultThreadFactory() {
SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
namePrefix = "pool-" +
poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +
"-thread-";
}
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
0);
if (t.isDaemon())
t.setDaemon(false);
if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
return t;
}
}
corePoolSize
线程池中的核心线程数，当提交一个任务时，线程池创建一个新线程执行任务，直到当前线程数等于corePoolSize；如果当前线程数为corePoolSize，继续提交的任务被保存到阻塞队列中，等待被执行；如果执行了线程池的prestartAllCoreThreads()方法，线程池会提前创建并启动所有核心线程。
maximumPoolSize
线程池中允许的最大线程数。如果当前阻塞队列满了，且继续提交任务，则创建新的线程执行任务，前提是当前线程数小于maximumPoolSize；
keepAliveTime
线程空闲时的存活时间，即当线程没有任务执行时，继续存活的时间；默认情况下，该参数只在线程数大于corePoolSize时才有用；
unit
keepAliveTime的单位；
workQueue
用来保存等待被执行的任务的阻塞队列，且任务必须实现Runable接口，在JDK中提供了如下阻塞队列：
1、ArrayBlockingQueue：基于数组结构的有界阻塞队列，按FIFO排序任务；
2、LinkedBlockingQuene：基于链表结构的阻塞队列，按FIFO排序任务，吞吐量通常要高于ArrayBlockingQuene；
3、SynchronousQuene：一个不存储元素的阻塞队列，每个插入操作必须等到另一个线程调用移除操作，否则插入操作一直处于阻塞状态，吞吐量通常要高于LinkedBlockingQuene；
4、priorityBlockingQuene：具有优先级的无界阻塞队列；
threadFactory
创建线程的工厂，通过自定义的线程工厂可以给每个新建的线程设置一个具有识别度的线程名。
handler
线程池的饱和策略，当阻塞队列满了，且没有空闲的工作线程，如果继续提交任务，必须采取一种策略处理该任务，线程池提供了4种策略：
1、AbortPolicy：直接抛出异常，默认策略；
2、CallerRunsPolicy：用调用者所在的线程来执行任务；
3、DiscardOldestPolicy：丢弃阻塞队列中靠最前的任务，并执行当前任务；
4、DiscardPolicy：直接丢弃任务；
当然也可以根据应用场景实现RejectedExecutionHandler接口，自定义饱和策略，如记录日志或持久化存储不能处理的任务。
Executors
Executors.newFixedThreadPool创建的线程池corePoolSize和maximumPoolSize值是相等的，它使用的LinkedBlockingQueue；
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor将corePoolSize和maximumPoolSize都设置为1，也使用的LinkedBlockingQueue；
Executors.newCachedThreadPool将corePoolSize设置为0，将maximumPoolSize设置为Integer.MAX_VALUE，使用的SynchronousQueue，也就是说来了任务就创建线程运行，当线程空闲超过60秒，就销毁线程。
2、实现原理
线程池里面的线程的时序图
线程池内部状态
private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;
// runState is stored in the high-order bits
private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;
// Packing and unpacking ctl
private static int runStateOf(int c) { return c & ~CAPACITY; }
private static int workerCountOf(int c) { return c & CAPACITY; }
private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }
其中AtomicInteger变量ctl的功能非常强大：利用低29位表示线程池中线程数，通过高3位表示线程池的运行状态：
1、RUNNING：-1 << COUNT_BITS，即高3位为111，该状态的线程池会接收新任务，并处理阻塞队列中的任务；
2、SHUTDOWN： 0 << COUNT_BITS，即高3位为000，该状态的线程池不会接收新任务，但会处理阻塞队列中的任务；
3、STOP ： 1 << COUNT_BITS，即高3位为001，该状态的线程不会接收新任务，也不会处理阻塞队列中的任务，而且会中断正在运行的任务；
4、TIDYING ： 2 << COUNT_BITS，即高3位为010；
5、TERMINATED： 3 << COUNT_BITS，即高3位为011；
任务提交
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
/*
* Proceed in 3 steps:
*
* 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
* start a new thread with the given command as its first
* task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
* workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
* threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
*
* 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
* to double-check whether we should have added a thread
* (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
* the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
* recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
* stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
*
* 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
* thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
* and so reject the task.
*/
int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
}
//submit调用execute方法
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
小于核心线程数corePoolSize直接增加线程(第1步)，否则向阻塞队列添加任务（第2步），如果阻塞队列已满且小于最大线程数则增加线程（第3步），超过最大线程数执行拒绝策略（第4步）。
Worker类实现
private final class Worker
extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
implements Runnable
{
/**
* This class will never be serialized, but we provide a
* serialVersionUID to suppress a javac warning.
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;
/** Thread this worker is running in. Null if factory fails. */
final Thread thread;
/** Initial task to run. Possibly null. */
Runnable firstTask;
/** Per-thread task counter */
volatile long completedTasks;
/**
* Creates with given first task and thread from ThreadFactory.
* @param firstTask the first task (null if none)
*/
Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
this.firstTask = firstTask;
this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
}
/** Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker */
public void run() {
runWorker(this);
}
// Lock methods
//
// The value 0 represents the unlocked state.
// The value 1 represents the locked state.
protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
return getState() != 0;
}
protected boolean tryAcquire(int unused) {
if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
return true;
}
return false;
}
protected boolean tryRelease(int unused) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
setState(0);
return true;
}
public void lock() { acquire(1); }
public boolean tryLock() { return tryAcquire(1); }
public void unlock() { release(1); }
public boolean isLocked() { return isHeldExclusively(); }
void interruptIfStarted() {
Thread t;
if (getState() >= 0 && (t = thread) != null && !t.isInterrupted()) {
try {
t.interrupt();
} catch (SecurityException ignore) {
}
}
}
}
Worker类设计如下：
1、继承了AQS类，可以方便的实现工作线程的同步和中止操作(？)；
2、实现了Runnable接口，可以将自身作为一个任务在工作线程中执行；
3、当前提交的任务firstTask作为参数传入Worker的构造方法；
4、线程工厂在创建线程thread时，将Woker实例本身this作为参数传入，当执行start方法启动线程thread时，本质是执行了Worker的runWorker方法。
addWorker方法实现
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
//状态和线程数判断
retry:
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
firstTask == null &&
! workQueue.isEmpty()))
return false;
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
return false;
if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
break retry;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
}
}
//HashSet中添加Worker，并执行start方法
boolean workerStarted = false;
boolean workerAdded = false;
Worker w = null;
try {
w = new Worker(firstTask);//执行new Worker方法，创建线程
final Thread t = w.thread;
if (t != null) {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
// Recheck while holding lock.
// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
// shut down before lock acquired.
int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());
if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
workers.add(w);
int s = workers.size();
if (s > largestPoolSize)
largestPoolSize = s;
workerAdded = true;
}
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
if (workerAdded) {
t.start();
workerStarted = true;
}
}
} finally {
if (! workerStarted)
addWorkerFailed(w);
}
return workerStarted;
}
addWoker方法实现的前半部分：
1、判断线程池的状态，如果线程池的状态值大于或等SHUTDOWN，则不处理提交的任务，直接返回；
2、通过参数core判断当前需要创建的线程是否为核心线程，如果core为true，且当前线程数小于corePoolSize，则跳出循环，开始创建新的线程。
addWoker方法实现的前半部分：线程池的工作线程通过Woker类实现，在ReentrantLock锁的保证下，把Woker实例插入到HashSet后，并启动Woker中的线程（ t.start();最终调用Woker的runWorker方法）
runWorker实现
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try {
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
w.lock();
// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This
// requires a recheck in second case to deal with
// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
(Thread.interrupted() &&
runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
!wt.isInterrupted())
wt.interrupt();
try {
beforeExecute(wt, task);
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
task.run();
} catch (RuntimeException x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Error x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Throwable x) {
thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
} finally {
afterExecute(task, thrown);
}
} finally {
task = null;
w.completedTasks++;
w.unlock();
}
}
completedAbruptly = false;
} finally {
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
}
}
runWorker方法是线程池的核心：
1、线程启动之后，通过unlock方法释放锁，设置AQS的state为0，表示运行中断；
2、获取第一个任务firstTask，执行任务的run方法，不过在执行任务之前，会进行加锁操作，任务执行完会释放锁；
3、在执行任务的前后，可以根据业务场景自定义beforeExecute和afterExecute钩子方法；
4、firstTask执行完成之后，（循环）通过getTask方法从阻塞队列中获取等待的任务，如果队列中没有任务，getTask方法会被阻塞并挂起，不会占用cpu资源；
getTask实现
private Runnable getTask() {
boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
decrementWorkerCount();
return null;
}
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
// Are workers subject to culling?
boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
&& (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
return null;
continue;
}
try {
Runnable r = timed ?
workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
workQueue.take();
if (r != null)
return r;
timedOut = true;
} catch (InterruptedException retry) {
timedOut = false;
}
}
}
整个getTask操作在自旋下完成：
1、workQueue.take：如果阻塞队列为空，当前线程会被挂起等待；当队列中有任务加入时，线程被唤醒，take方法返回任务，并执行；
2、workQueue.poll：如果在keepAliveTime时间内，阻塞队列还是没有任务，则返回null；（？keepAliveTime作用）
所以，线程池中实现的线程可以一直执行由用户提交的任务。
FutureTask.get实现
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING)
s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
return report(s);
}
private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
throws InterruptedException {
final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
WaitNode q = null;
boolean queued = false;
for (;;) {
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
removeWaiter(q);
throw new InterruptedException();
}
int s = state;
if (s > COMPLETING) {
if (q != null)
q.thread = null;
return s;
}
else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
Thread.yield();
else if (q == null)
q = new WaitNode();
else if (!queued)
queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
q.next = waiters, q);
else if (timed) {
nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
if (nanos <= 0L) {
removeWaiter(q);
return state;
}
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
}
else
LockSupport.park(this);
}
}
内部通过awaitDone方法对主线程进行阻塞:
1、如果主线程被中断，则抛出中断异常；
2、判断FutureTask当前的state，如果大于COMPLETING，说明任务已经执行完成，则直接返回；
3、如果当前state等于COMPLETING，说明任务已经执行完，这时主线程只需通过yield方法让出cpu资源，等待state变成NORMAL；
4、通过WaitNode类封装当前线程，并通过UNSAFE添加到waiters链表；
5、最终通过LockSupport的park或parkNanos挂起线程；
refer
//www.greatytc.com/p/87bff5cc8d8c
http://blog.csdn.net/wxq544483342/article/details/53118674
http://blog.csdn.net/evankaka/article/details/51489322
