强行颁布法令：川普的禁令
Lei'ing down the Law: Trump's Ban
政府昨天又遭遇一次尴尬，当夏威夷的法院阻止了他第二次试图禁止几个主要穆斯林国家的旅行。
① The administration suffered another embarrassment yesterday when a court in Hawaii blocked its second attempt to restrict travel from several majority-Muslim countries.
原计划今天开始实施的，修改后的执行令是量身制定的来避免法律上的问题，这问题阻挠了第一次的行政令，这个行政令是在一月份宣布的，但在几个州上诉以后就很快终止了。
② Scheduled to come into force today, the revised executive order was tailored to avoid the legal pitfalls that sank the first mandate, which was announced in January but quickly suspended after several states sued.
第一次行政令是要禁止所有七个主要穆斯林国家的公民前往美国——包括那些有合法的工作或居住权的公民——第二个版本把伊拉克公民和持有永居签证或许可的排除在外了
③ While the first ban would have limited travel to America by all citizens of seven majority-Muslim countries—including those with legal permission to live or work in the country—the second version exempted citizens from Iraq and those who hold visas or permission to permanent residency.
这本是要削弱阻挠第一禁令的正当法律程序，修正的版本只适用于美国外面的外国人，他们享有更少的宪法权利。
④ This was supposed to weaken the due-process argument that felled the first ban; the edited version applied only to foreigners outside America, who enjoy fewer constitutional rights.
夏威夷检察长占据上风，他的力证是这法令会怀着明显的意图歧视穆斯林。
⑤ Hawaii's attorney-general prevailed with the argument that the order would discriminate against Muslims by its intent.
这个州的胜利强调了明竹党检察官可以多有效的阻挠Donald Trump的进程。
⑥ The state's victory emphasises how effectively Democratic attorneys-general can stymie Donald Trump's agenda.
2017年1月27日，特朗普签署暂停七个穆斯林国家的移民入境以及签证发放的行政令。此“禁穆令”一出立即震惊全球，不仅引发苹果、谷歌等逾120家公司的抵制、还遭到包括英德在内的盟国领导人的反对。此外，伊朗和伊拉克作为报复，声称将禁止美国公民入境。随后，“禁穆令”便开启了美国国内一场声势浩大的法庭论战。
2月3日，西雅图联邦法官 James Robart 暂停实施该禁令，次日司法部紧急申诉，要求立即恢复禁令。2月5日，旧金山联邦上诉法院驳回司法部申诉，维持中止实施禁令的联邦法官裁定。2月9日，上诉法院听审法官裁定维持 Robart 的裁定，拒绝恢复禁令执行。2月16日，特朗普宣布将撤销签署未满半月的“禁穆令”，准备随后发布有关移民的新行政令取而代之。
3月6日，特朗普签署新版“禁穆令”，针对苏丹、叙利亚、伊朗、利比亚、索马里和也门等六个以穆斯林人口为主的国家，为期90天，不同于旧版“禁穆令”的是，旅美禁令名单中剔除了伊拉克。新版禁令同时要求暂停难民接纳项目120天，但并没有无限期禁止叙利亚难民的入境。美国国土安全部称，和此前部分绿卡人士不得入境不同，新版“禁穆令”不会限制上述六国的绿卡持有者返回美国，而且将允许在老版“禁穆令”签署日—1月27日以前获得签证的人士入境。截至3月14日，已有纽约、华盛顿、加州、马萨诸塞和夏威夷五个州对新版禁穆令提出起诉。
本篇课程首发于2017年3月22日
难度系数：★☆☆☆☆
无用系数：★★★★☆
Lei'ing down the Law: Trump's Ban
① The administration suffered another embarrassment yesterday when a court in Hawaii blocked its second attempt to restrict travel from several majority-Muslim countries.
② Scheduled to come into force today, the revised executive order was tailored to avoid the legal pitfalls that sank the first mandate, which was announced in January but quickly suspended after several states sued.
③ While the first ban would have limited travel to America by all citizens of seven majority-Muslim countries—including those with legal permission to live or work in the country—the second version exempted citizens from Iraq and those who hold visas or permission to permanent residency.
④ This was supposed to weaken the due-process argument that felled the first ban; the edited version applied only to foreigners outside America, who enjoy fewer constitutional rights.
⑤ Hawaii's attorney-general prevailed with the argument that the order would discriminate against Muslims by its intent.
⑥ The state's victory emphasises how effectively Democratic attorneys-general can stymie Donald Trump's agenda.
▍生词好句
be tailored to…: 为..……而量身定制
pitfall /ˈpɪtfɔːl/: n. 陷阱；隐患；问题
mandate /ˈmandeɪt/: n. 授权；命令
exempt /ɪɡˈzɛm(p)t, ɛɡˈzɛm(p)t/: vt. 免除
due-process: 正当法律程序
fell /fɛl/: vt. 击倒
intent /ɪnˈtɛnt/: n. 意图
stymie /ˈstʌɪmi/: vt. 阻碍
