年份较新的译本称为《维洛那二绅士》。第一本看的无比完整的莎翁原版。
选择的依然是朱生豪先生的译本。毕竟目前评论界都认为朱生豪先生的译本相对来说最有原作韵味。可以先参考下面这段翻译:
Song
Who is Silvia, what is she, 雪尔薇亚伊何人,
That all our swains commend her? 乃能颠倒众生心?
Holy, fair, and wise is she; 神圣娇丽且聪明,
The heaven such grace did lend her, 天赋诸美萃一身!
That she might admired be. 俾令举世诵其名。
Is she kind as she is fair? 伊人颜色如花浓,
For beauty lives with kindness. 伊人宅心如春柔;
Love doth to her eyes repair, 盈盈妙目启瞽矇,
To help him of his blindness, 创平痍复相思瘳,
And, being helped ,inhabits there. 寸心永驻眼梢头。
Then to Silvia let us sing, 弹琴为伊歌一曲,
That Silvia is excelling; 伊人美好世无伦;
She excels each mortal thing 尘世萧条苦寂寞,
Upon the dull earth dwelling. 唯伊灿耀如星辰;
To her let us garlands bring. 穿花为束献佳人。
类似的段落还有《Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与茱丽叶》的开场诗。我不得不承认这种翻译可以算是翻译界的最高水准,但跟原版相比仍然显得逊色不少,比如上方这段歌,每句句子的尾音非常的规律,单词数也比较工整,韵押得很足。朱先生已在趣味上完美地还原,但在韵上终究是没有办法了。所以之前和小伙伴说,莎翁一定要配合着原版一起看,完全没有想到原版的遣词用句这么出色。
再来一句发到朋友圈的:
Black men are pearls in beauteous ladie's eyes.
“粗黑的男子,是美人眼中的明珠。”(尽管单独挖出这句感觉节操碎光光)
原句里beauteous ladie's eyes,私以为是莎翁自己说的而不是old saying,且为了三个s的尾音的句子朗读上的美感改变了一些句法和用词,看前后文所有形容人的漂亮几乎都是用fair,这无疑给翻译工作带来了巨大挑战。
如果说尤达大师喜欢用倒装句喜欢省略主语,那也许在沙老面前也会低下头。
What light is light, if Silvia be not seen?
What joy is joy? If Silvia be not by?
看不见雪尔薇亚,世上还有什么光明?
没有雪尔薇亚在一起,世上还有什么乐趣?
不难看出,对于有些句子,朱先生可能也只能做到翻译没有歧义,但美感自然就只能放弃了。
当然,现代人看莎翁的难度比当时是要容易得多,朱先生当时只有两本辞典参考,而且他手边的沙戏版本可能与我看到的也有所不同。有些地方明显能看出他手上的版本没有这么一段,另外的有些地方倒是能看出朱先生自行做了一些删改,把一些无法用中文表现的语言梗双关梗给抛弃,使得行文流畅而不会突然出现一段让人理解不了的段子。
以及,莎翁式长段独白,之前看过另外三本莎戏译本,现在看来那三本错过原版真是可惜了。随便摘一段,语言上的美感对比非常明显:
Julia. Nay, would I were so ang'red with the same!
O hateful hands to tear such loving words!
Injurious wasps, to feed on such sweet honey,
And kill the bees, that yield it, with your stings!
I'll kiss each several paper for amends.
Look, here is writ "kind Julia." Unkind Julia!
As in revenge of thy ingratitude,
I throw thy name against the bruising stones,
Trampling contemptuously on thy disdain.
And here is writ "love-wounded Proteus."
Poor wounded name my bosom, as a bed,
Shall lodge thee, till thy wound be throughly healed;
And thus I search it with a sovereign kiss.
But twice or thrice was "Proteus" written down.
Be calm, good wind, blow not a word away
Till I have found each letter in the letter,
Except mine own name: that some whirlwind bear
Unto a ragged, fearful hanging rock,
And throw it thence into the raging sea!
Lo, here in one line is his name twice writ,
"Poor forlorn Proteus, passionate Proteus,
To the sweet Julia that I'll tear away.—
And yet I will not, sith so prettily
He couples it to his complaining names.
Thus will I fold them one upon another.
Now kiss, embrace, contend, do what you will.
裘丽亚
不,就是这一封信已经够使我心痛了!啊,这一双可恨的手,忍心把这些可爱的字句撕成粉碎!就像残酷的黄蜂一样,刺死了蜜蜂而吮吸它的蜜。为了补赎我的罪愆,我要遍吻每一片碎纸。瞧,这里写‘仁慈的裘丽亚”;狠心的裘丽亚!我要惩罚你的薄情,把你的名字掷在砖石上,把你任情的践踏蹂躏。这里写着“受创于爱情的普洛丢斯”:疼人的受伤的名字!把我的胸口做你的眠床,养息到你的创痕完全平复吧,让我用起死回生的一吻吻在你的伤口上。这儿有两三次提着普洛丢斯的名字;风啊,请不要吹起来,好让我找到这封信里的每一个字;我单单不要看见我自己的名字,让一阵旋风把它卷到狰狞丑怪的岩石上,再把它打下波涛汹涌的海水中去吧!瞧,这儿有一句句子里两次提到他的名字:“被遗弃的普洛丢斯,受制于爱情的普洛丢斯,给可爱的裘丽亚。”我要把裘丽亚的名字撕去;不,他把我们两人的名字配合得如此巧妙,我要把它们折叠在一起;现在你们可以放胆地相吻拥抱,彼此满足了。
好,现在我要说一说剧本。其中一个主角叫Valentine,对,就是情人节的那个Valentine,百度百科说英国是17世纪开始流行这个节日,所以我不禁猜测:由于推测该剧本完成于16世纪末尾,会不会就是因为这部剧的上演而后这位Valentine和Silvia成了眷属从而我们今天有了这么一个虐狗节日?
How could Proteus have been so dastardly as to betray, in an instant his beloved, his friend, and his royal host—not to mention his own honor?
How could Valentine so abruptly forgive his disloyal friend all his trespasses?
How could he as quickly proffer his beloved Silvia to the miscreant Proteus who only a moment before threatened to rape her?
How could Silvia—the daughter of a duke—stand by without a word during this base interchange?
How could Julia, after this exhibition of general dastardliness, on the second or third bounce, welcome back her errant lover?
由于之前几部剧本的经验,这些问题其实我并不特别诧异,莎戏剧中的人物情感变化往往是突如其来,经常有人物的一句台词就把关联人物对他/她的态度大转弯。这一部同样如此,Julia因为侍女Lucetta的评价便爱上了Proteus,Proteus因为一个误会又恨上了Valentine,Valentine因为一段话惹恼了Silvia的父亲,然后被放逐到森林又成了强盗头头,Silvia不知道什么时候(可能是一开始收信的时候)爱上的Valentine去森林找他。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。WTF
包括那段看似的“强奸”,剧中只提到用武力让Silvia臣服于Proteus,从读者视角来看似乎看不出是强奸,恐吓和威胁更像一些,但如果以一个导演的视角来看是不是应该编成“强奸”?
不过对于这部剧我觉得应该放更多的注意力在语言上,而非情节上的看似硬伤。里面有着比较多的爱情哲言和讨女人欢心之技巧,不过我看了下我的笔记好像和其他人的出入比较大(活该自己撸)
PS:以后莎翁的剧本一定要原版和译本一起看了。