SpringBoot内置了Servlet容器,这样项目的发布、部署就不需要额外的Servlet容器,直接启动jar包即可。SpringBoot官方文档上有一个小章节内置servlet容器支持用于说明内置Servlet的相关问题。
在SpringBoot源码分析之SpringBoot的启动过程文章中我们了解到如果是Web程序,那么会构造AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext类型的Spring容器,在SpringBoot源码分析之Spring容器的refresh过程文章中我们知道AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext类型的Spring容器在refresh的过程中会在onRefresh方法中创建内置的Servlet容器。
接下来,我们分析一下内置的Servlet容器相关的知识点。
内置Servlet容器相关的接口和类
SpringBoot对内置的Servlet容器做了一层封装:
public interface EmbeddedServletContainer {
// 启动内置的Servlet容器,如果容器已经启动,则不影响
void start() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException;
// 关闭内置的Servlet容器,如果容器已经关系,则不影响
void stop() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException;
// 内置的Servlet容器监听的端口
int getPort();
}
它目前有3个实现类,分别是JettyEmbeddedServletContainer、TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer和UndertowEmbeddedServletContainer,分别对应Jetty、Tomcat和Undertow这3个Servlet容器。
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory接口是一个工厂接口,用于生产EmbeddedServletContainer:
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
// 获得一个已经配置好的内置Servlet容器,但是这个容器还没有监听端口。需要手动调用内置Servlet容器的start方法监听端口
// 参数是一群ServletContextInitializer,Servlet容器启动的时候会遍历这些ServletContextInitializer,并调用onStartup方法
EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}
ServletContextInitializer表示Servlet初始化器,用于设置ServletContext中的一些配置,在使用EmbeddedServletContainerFactory接口的getEmbeddedServletContainer方法获取Servlet内置容器并且容器启动的时候调用onStartup方法:
public interface ServletContextInitializer {
void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException;
}
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory是在EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration这个自动化配置类中被注册到Spring容器中的(前期是Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的bean,可以自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的bean):
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication // 在Web环境下才会起作用
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class) // 会Import一个内部类BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
@Configuration
// Tomcat类和Servlet类必须在classloader中存在
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })
// 当前Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的实例
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
@Bean
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
// 上述条件注解成立的话就会构造TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory这个EmbeddedServletContainerFactory
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
@Configuration
// Server类、Servlet类、Loader类以及WebAppContext类必须在classloader中存在
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
WebAppContext.class })
// 当前Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的实例
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedJetty {
@Bean
public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
// 上述条件注解成立的话就会构造JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory这个EmbeddedServletContainerFactory
return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
@Configuration
// Undertow类、Servlet类、以及SslClientAuthMode类必须在classloader中存在
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
// 当前Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的实例
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
@Bean
public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
// 上述条件注解成立的话就会构造JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory这个EmbeddedServletContainerFactory
return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
// 在EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration自动化配置类中被导入,实现了BeanFactoryAware接口(BeanFactory会被自动注入进来)和ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口(会被ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader解析并注册到Spring容器中)
public static class EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessorRegistrar
implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, BeanFactoryAware {
private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
if (beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {
this.beanFactory = (ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
}
}
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
if (this.beanFactory == null) {
return;
}
// 如果Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor类型的bean
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class, true,
false))) {
// 注册一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
registry.registerBeanDefinition(
"embeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor",
new RootBeanDefinition(
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class));
}
}
}
}
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor是一个BeanPostProcessor,它在postProcessBeforeInitialization过程中去寻找Spring容器中EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的bean,并依次调用EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer接口的customize方法做一些定制化:
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
// 在Spring容器中寻找ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的bean,SpringBoot内部的3种内置Servlet容器工厂都实现了这个接口,该接口的作用就是进行Servlet容器的配置
// 比如添加Servlet初始化器addInitializers、添加错误页addErrorPages、设置session超时时间setSessionTimeout、设置端口setPort等等
if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
}
return bean;
}
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
// 遍历获取的每个定制化器,并调用customize方法进行一些定制
customizer.customize(bean);
}
}
private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
if (this.customizers == null) {
this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
// 找出Spring容器中EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的bean
this.applicationContext
.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
false, false)
.values());
// 定制化器做排序
Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
// 设置定制化器到属性中
this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
}
return this.customizers;
}
SpringBoot内置了一些EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,比如ErrorPageCustomizer、ServerProperties、TomcatWebSocketContainerCustomizer等。
定制器比如ServerProperties表示服务端的一些配置,以server为前缀,比如有server.port、server.contextPath、server.displayName等,它同时也实现了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer接口,其中customize方法的一部分代码如下:
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
// 3种ServletContainerFactory都实现了ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer接口,所以下面的这些设置相当于对ServletContainerFactory进行设置
// 如果配置了端口信息
if (getPort() != null) {
container.setPort(getPort());
}
...
// 如果配置了displayName
if (getDisplayName() != null) {
container.setDisplayName(getDisplayName());
}
// 如果配置了server.session.timeout,session超时时间。注意:这里的Session指的是ServerProperties的内部静态类Session
if (getSession().getTimeout() != null) {
container.setSessionTimeout(getSession().getTimeout());
}
...
// 如果使用的是Tomcat内置Servlet容器,设置对应的Tomcat配置
if (container instanceof TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) {
getTomcat().customizeTomcat(this,
(TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) container);
}
// 如果使用的是Jetty内置Servlet容器,设置对应的Tomcat配置
if (container instanceof JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) {
getJetty().customizeJetty(this,
(JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) container);
}
// 如果使用的是Undertow内置Servlet容器,设置对应的Tomcat配置
if (container instanceof UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) {
getUndertow().customizeUndertow(this,
(UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) container);
}
// 添加SessionConfiguringInitializer这个Servlet初始化器
// SessionConfiguringInitializer初始化器的作用是基于ServerProperties的内部静态类Session设置Servlet中session和cookie的配置
container.addInitializers(new SessionConfiguringInitializer(this.session));
// 添加InitParameterConfiguringServletContextInitializer初始化器
// InitParameterConfiguringServletContextInitializer初始化器的作用是基于ServerProperties的contextParameters配置设置到ServletContext的init param中
container.addInitializers(new InitParameterConfiguringServletContextInitializer(
getContextParameters()));
}
ErrorPageCustomizer在ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration自动化配置里定义,是个内部静态类:
@Bean
public ErrorPageCustomizer errorPageCustomizer() {
return new ErrorPageCustomizer(this.properties);
}
private static class ErrorPageCustomizer
implements EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer, Ordered {
private final ServerProperties properties;
protected ErrorPageCustomizer(ServerProperties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
// 添加错误页ErrorPage,这个ErrorPage对应的路径是 /error
// 可以通过配置修改 ${servletPath} + ${error.path}
container.addErrorPages(new ErrorPage(this.properties.getServletPrefix()
+ this.properties.getError().getPath()));
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
return 0;
}
}
DispatcherServlet的构造
DispatcherServlet是SpringMVC中的核心分发器。它是在DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration这个自动化配置类里构造的(如果Spring容器内没有自定义的DispatcherServlet),并且还会被加到Servlet容器中(通过ServletRegistrationBean完成)。
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration这个自动化配置类存在2个条件注解@ConditionalOnWebApplication和@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)都满足条件,所以会被构造(存在@AutoConfigureAfter(EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration.class)注解,会在EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration自动化配置类构造后构造):
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration.class)
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration ...
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration有个内部类DispatcherServletConfiguration,它会构造DispatcherServlet(使用了条件类DefaultDispatcherServletCondition,如果Spring容器已经存在自定义的DispatcherServlet类型的bean,该类就不会被构造,会直接使用自定义的DispatcherServlet):
@Configuration
// 条件类DefaultDispatcherServletCondition,是EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration的内部类
// DefaultDispatcherServletCondition条件类会去Spring容器中找DispatcherServlet类型的实例,如果找到了不会构造DispatcherServletConfiguration,否则就是构造DispatcherServletConfiguration,该类内部会构造DispatcherServlet
// 所以如果我们要自定义DispatcherServlet的话只需要自定义DispatcherServlet即可,这样DispatcherServletConfiguration内部就不会构造DispatcherServlet
@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class)
// Servlet3.0开始才有的类,支持以编码的形式注册Servlet
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
// spring.mvc 为前缀的配置
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {
@Autowired
private ServerProperties server;
@Autowired
private WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties;
@Autowired(required = false)
private MultipartConfigElement multipartConfig;
// Spring容器注册DispatcherServlet
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet() {
// 直接构造DispatcherServlet,并设置WebMvcProperties中的一些配置
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(
this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(
this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(
this.webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
return dispatcherServlet;
}
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration() {
// 直接使用DispatcherServlet和server配置中的servletPath路径构造ServletRegistrationBean
// ServletRegistrationBean实现了ServletContextInitializer接口,在onStartup方法中对应的Servlet注册到Servlet容器中
// 所以这里DispatcherServlet会被注册到Servlet容器中,对应的urlMapping为server.servletPath配置
ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
dispatcherServlet(), this.server.getServletMapping());
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
}
return registration;
}
@Bean // 构造文件上传相关的bean
@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
return resolver;
}
}
ServletRegistrationBean实现了ServletContextInitializer接口,是个Servlet初始化器,onStartup方法代码:
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
Assert.notNull(this.servlet, "Servlet must not be null");
String name = getServletName();
if (!isEnabled()) {
logger.info("Servlet " + name + " was not registered (disabled)");
return;
}
logger.info("Mapping servlet: '" + name + "' to " + this.urlMappings);
// 把servlet添加到Servlet容器中,Servlet容器启动的时候会加载这个Servlet
Dynamic added = servletContext.addServlet(name, this.servlet);
if (added == null) {
logger.info("Servlet " + name + " was not registered "
+ "(possibly already registered?)");
return;
}
// 进行Servlet的一些配置,比如urlMapping,loadOnStartup等
configure(added);
}
类似ServletRegistrationBean的还有ServletListenerRegistrationBean和FilterRegistrationBean,它们都是Servlet初始化器,分别都是在Servlet容器中添加Listener和Filter。
1个小漏洞:如果定义了一个名字为dispatcherServlet的bean,但是它不是DispatcherServlet类型,那么DispatcherServlet就不会被构造,@RestController和@Controller注解的控制器就没办法生效:
@Bean(name = "dispatcherServlet")
public Object test() {
return new Object();
}
内置Servlet容器的创建和启动
web程序对应的Spring容器是AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,继承自EmbeddedWebApplicationContext。在onRefresh方法中会去创建内置Servlet容器:
@Override
protected void onRefresh() {
super.onRefresh();
try {
// 创建内置Servlet容器
createEmbeddedServletContainer();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start embedded container",
ex);
}
}
private void createEmbeddedServletContainer() {
EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer;
ServletContext localServletContext = getServletContext();
// 内置Servlet容器和ServletContext都还没初始化的时候执行
if (localContainer == null && localServletContext == null) {
// 从Spring容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory,如果EmbeddedServletContainerFactory不存在或者有多个的话会抛出异常中止程序
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
// 获取Servlet初始化器并创建Servlet容器,依次调用Servlet初始化器中的onStartup方法
this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
}
// 内置Servlet容器已经初始化但是ServletContext还没初始化的时候执行
else if (localServletContext != null) {
try {
// 对已经存在的Servlet
容器依次调用Servlet初始化器中的onStartup方法
getSelfInitializer().onStartup(localServletContext);
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context",
ex);
}
}
initPropertySources();
}
getSelfInitializer方法获得的Servlet初始化器内部会去构造一个ServletContextInitializerBeans(Servlet初始化器的集合),ServletContextInitializerBeans构造的时候会去Spring容器中查找ServletContextInitializer类型的bean,其中ServletRegistrationBean、FilterRegistrationBean、ServletListenerRegistrationBean会被找出(如果有定义),这3种ServletContextInitializer会在onStartup方法中将Servlet、Filter、Listener添加到Servlet容器中(如果我们只定义了Servlet、Filter或者Listener,ServletContextInitializerBeans内部会调用addAdaptableBeans方法把它们包装成RegistrationBean):
// selfInitialize方法内部调用的getServletContextInitializerBeans方法获得ServletContextInitializerBeans
protected Collection<ServletContextInitializer> getServletContextInitializerBeans() {
return new ServletContextInitializerBeans(getBeanFactory());
}
private void addServletContextInitializerBean(String beanName,
ServletContextInitializer initializer, ListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
if (initializer instanceof ServletRegistrationBean) {
Servlet source = ((ServletRegistrationBean) initializer).getServlet();
addServletContextInitializerBean(Servlet.class, beanName, initializer,
beanFactory, source);
}
else if (initializer instanceof FilterRegistrationBean) {
Filter source = ((FilterRegistrationBean) initializer).getFilter();
addServletContextInitializerBean(Filter.class, beanName, initializer,
beanFactory, source);
}
else if (initializer instanceof DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean) {
String source = ((DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean) initializer)
.getTargetBeanName();
addServletContextInitializerBean(Filter.class, beanName, initializer,
beanFactory, source);
}
else if (initializer instanceof ServletListenerRegistrationBean) {
EventListener source = ((ServletListenerRegistrationBean<?>) initializer)
.getListener();
addServletContextInitializerBean(EventListener.class, beanName, initializer,
beanFactory, source);
}
else {
addServletContextInitializerBean(ServletContextInitializer.class, beanName,
initializer, beanFactory, null);
}
}
Servlet容器创建完毕之后在finishRefresh方法中会去启动:
@Override
protected void finishRefresh() {
super.finishRefresh();
// 调用startEmbeddedServletContainer方法
EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = startEmbeddedServletContainer();
if (localContainer != null) {
// 发布EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent事件
publishEvent(
new EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent(this, localContainer));
}
}
private EmbeddedServletContainer startEmbeddedServletContainer() {
// 先得到在onRefresh方法中构造的Servlet容器embeddedServletContainer
EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer;
if (localContainer != null) {
// 启动
localContainer.start();
}
return localContainer;
}
自定义Servlet、Filter、Listener
SpringBoot默认只会添加一个Servlet,也就是DispatcherServlet,如果我们想添加自定义的Servlet或者是Filter还是Listener,有以下几种方法。
1.在Spring容器中声明ServletRegistrationBean、FilterRegistrationBean或者ServletListenerRegistrationBean。原理在DispatcherServlet的构造章节中已经说明
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean customServlet() {
return new ServletRegistrationBean(new CustomServlet(), "/custom");
}
private static class CustomServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.getWriter().write("receive by custom servlet");
}
}
2.@ServletComponentScan注解和@WebServlet、@WebFilter以及@WebListener注解配合使用。@ServletComponentScan注解启用ImportServletComponentScanRegistrar类,是个ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的实现类,会被Spring容器所解析。ServletComponentScanRegistrar内部会解析@ServletComponentScan注解,然后会在Spring容器中注册ServletComponentRegisteringPostProcessor,是个BeanFactoryPostProcessor,会去解析扫描出来的类是不是有@WebServlet、@WebListener、@WebFilter这3种注解,有的话把这3种类型的类转换成ServletRegistrationBean、FilterRegistrationBean或者ServletListenerRegistrationBean,然后让Spring容器去解析:
@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan
public class EmbeddedServletApplication { ... }
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/simple")
public class SimpleServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.getWriter().write("receive by SimpleServlet");
}
}
3.在Spring容器中声明Servlet、Filter或者Listener。因为在ServletContextInitializerBeans内部会去调用addAdaptableBeans方法把它们包装成ServletRegistrationBean:
@Bean(name = "dispatcherServlet")
public DispatcherServlet myDispatcherServlet() {
return new DispatcherServlet();
}
Whitelabel Error Page原理
为什么SpringBoot的程序里Controller发生了错误,我们没有进行异常的捕捉,会跳转到Whitelabel Error Page页面,这是如何实现的?
SpringBoot內部提供了一个ErrorController叫做BasicErrorController,对应的@RequestMapping地址为 "server.error.path" 配置 或者 "error.path" 配置,这2个配置没配的话默认是/error,之前分析过ErrorPageCustomizer这个定制化器会把ErrorPage添加到Servlet容器中(这个ErrorPage的path就是上面说的那2个配置),这样Servlet容器发生错误的时候就会访问ErrorPage配置的path,所以程序发生异常且没有被catch的话,就会走Servlet容器配置的ErrorPage。下面这段代码是BasicErrorController对应的处理请求方法:
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
// 设置响应码
response.setStatus(getStatus(request).value());
// 设置一些信息,比如timestamp、statusCode、错误message等
Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));
// 返回error视图
return new ModelAndView("error", model);
}
这里名字为error视图会被BeanNameViewResolver这个视图解析器解析,它会去Spring容器中找出name为error的View,error这个bean在ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration自动化配置类里定义,它返回了一个SpelView视图,也就是刚才见到的Whitelabel Error Page(error.whitelabel.enabled配置需要是true,否则WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration自动化配置类不会被注册):
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "server.error.whitelabel", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
@Conditional(ErrorTemplateMissingCondition.class)
protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration {
// Whitelabel Error Page
private final SpelView defaultErrorView = new SpelView(
"<html><body><h1>Whitelabel Error Page</h1>"
+ "<p>This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.</p>"
+ "<div id='created'>${timestamp}</div>"
+ "<div>There was an unexpected error (type=${error}, status=${status}).</div>"
+ "<div>${message}</div></body></html>");
@Bean(name = "error") // bean的名字是error
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "error") // 名字为error的bean不存在才会构造
public View defaultErrorView() {
return this.defaultErrorView;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(BeanNameViewResolver.class)
public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver() {
// BeanNameViewResolver会去Spring容器找对应bean的视图
BeanNameViewResolver resolver = new BeanNameViewResolver();
resolver.setOrder(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10);
return resolver;
}
}
如果自定义了error页面,比如使用freemarker模板的话存在/templates/error.ftl页面,使用thymeleaf模板的话存在/templates/error.html页面。那么Whitelabel Error Page就不会生效了,而是会跳到这些error页面。这又是如何实现的呢?
这是因为ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration自动化配置类里的内部类 WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration自动化配置类里有个条件类ErrorTemplateMissingCondition,它的getMatchOutcome方法:
@Override
public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context,
AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
// 从spring.factories文件中找出key为TemplateAvailabilityProvider为类,TemplateAvailabilityProvider用来查询视图是否可用
List<TemplateAvailabilityProvider> availabilityProviders = SpringFactoriesLoader
.loadFactories(TemplateAvailabilityProvider.class,
context.getClassLoader());
// 遍历各个TemplateAvailabilityProvider
for (TemplateAvailabilityProvider availabilityProvider : availabilityProviders)
// 如果error视图可用
if (availabilityProvider.isTemplateAvailable("error",
context.getEnvironment(), context.getClassLoader(),
context.getResourceLoader())) {
// 条件不生效。WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration不会被构造
return ConditionOutcome.noMatch("Template from "
+ availabilityProvider + " found for error view");
}
}
// 条件生效。WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration被构造
return ConditionOutcome.match("No error template view detected");
}
比如FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider这个TemplateAvailabilityProvider的逻辑如下:
public class FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider
implements TemplateAvailabilityProvider {
@Override
public boolean isTemplateAvailable(String view, Environment environment,
ClassLoader classLoader, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
// 判断是否存在freemarker包中的Configuration类,存在的话才会继续
if (ClassUtils.isPresent("freemarker.template.Configuration", classLoader)) {
// 构造属性解析器
RelaxedPropertyResolver resolver = new RelaxedPropertyResolver(environment,
"spring.freemarker.");
// 设置一些配置
String loaderPath = resolver.getProperty("template-loader-path",
FreeMarkerProperties.DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_LOADER_PATH);
String prefix = resolver.getProperty("prefix",
FreeMarkerProperties.DEFAULT_PREFIX);
String suffix = resolver.getProperty("suffix",
FreeMarkerProperties.DEFAULT_SUFFIX);
// 查找对应的资源文件是否存在
return resourceLoader.getResource(loaderPath + prefix + view + suffix)
.exists();
}
return false;
}
}
所以BeanNameViewResolver不会被构造,Whitelabel Error Page也不会构造,而是直接去找自定义的error视图。