deciduous /dɪˈsɪdʒ.u.əs/
A deciduous tree loses its leaves in autumn and grows new ones in the spring.
（树木）落叶的
evergreen :An evergreen plant, bush, or tree has leaves for the whole year.
（植物）常青的，常绿的
always seeming fresh or remaining popular
永葆青春的；不衰的；持久的
that evergreen TV series "Friends"那部经久不衰的电视连续剧《美好生活》
a plant, bush, or tree that has for the whole year
常青植物，常绿植物
undisputed king
If something is undisputed, everyone agrees about it.
无争议的；不容置疑的
an undisputed fact不容置疑的事实
the undisputed champion/winner无可争议的冠军／赢家
genus Quercus. /ˈdʒiː.nəs/
a group of animals or plants, more closely related than a family, but less similar than a species（动植物的）属
Buds are formed by protective scales that fall off in the spring.
[ C usually plural ] one of the many very small, flat pieces that cover theskin of fish, snakes, etc.
（鱼、蛇等动物皮肤表层的）鳞，鳞片
carbon dioxide and produce sugars
/ˌkɑː.bəndaɪˈɒk.saɪd/ daɪˈɑːk.saɪd/symbol CO2the gas formed when carbon is burned, or when people oranimals breathe out二氧化碳
carbon dioxide emissions二氧化碳排放物
by means of photosynthesis /ˌfəʊ.təʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/
the process by which a plant uses the energy from the light of thesun to produce its own food光合作用
The loss of water vapor in the leaves pulls the xylem /ˈzaɪ.ləm/ 木质部 sap upward. /ˈwɔː.tə ˌveɪ.pər/water in the form of a gas resulting from heating water or ice 水蒸气，水汽
self-pollinate
to take pollen from one plant or part of a plant to another so that newplant seeds can be produced:
Bees pollinate the plants by carrying the pollen from one flower to another.
Many species of tree depend on the wind for pollination.
Its bark is rich in tannin：(one of) a group of chemicals that are found in plant cells, especially in leaves, bark (= a tree's outer covering), and fruit that is not yet ready to eat丹宁（酸），鞣酸
which is used in curing养护保存 leather and as an astringent. The wood is strong and resists rotting
astringent /əˈstrɪn.dʒənt/
a drug or cream that causes the skin or other tissue to tighten
收敛剂；止血药
You can use an astringent to make your skin less oily.你可以用收敛水来减弱皮肤的油性。
Rot: to (cause something to) decay
（使）腐败；（使）腐烂；（使）腐朽
The fruit had been to rot on the trees.水果无人采摘，就烂在树上。
Rain has got in and rotted (away) the woodwork.雨水漏了进来，使屋中的木建部分都朽烂了。
the smell of rotting fruit烂水果的味道
Anatomy /əˈnæt.ə.mi/
the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged
解剖（学）
An understanding of human anatomy is important to a dancer.对于一个舞蹈演员来说，通晓一些人体解剖学知识非常重要。
He later became of anatomy at Kiel.后来他成为基尔大学的解剖学教授。
[ C or U ] the structure of an animal or plant
解剖构造；（动植物）结构
the female anatomy女性人体解剖构造the anatomy of a leaf叶子的结构
[ C ] humorous a person's body身体
On which part of her anatomy is she tattooed?她的纹身刺在什么部位？
[ C ] formal a detailed examination of a subject剖析，分析；细察
The whole play reads like an anatomy of evil.整个剧本读起来就如同是一份对邪恶的剖析报告。
majestic /məˈdʒes.tɪk/ look with its large canopy top and a straight upward-growing trunk.
beautiful, powerful, or causing great admiration and respect
雄伟的；壮丽的；威严的
The majestic Montana scenery will leave you breathless.蒙大拿的壮丽景色会令你屏息凝神。
canopy /ˈkæn.ə.pi/
the branches and leaves that spread out at the top of a group oftrees forming a type of roof树冠层；顶蓬似的树阴
meaning their leaves bloom and wither with the whim of seasons. .
a sudden wish or idea, especially one that cannot be reasonablyexplained突然的念头，冲动
We booked the trip on a whim.我们一冲动就预订了假日游。
You can add what you want to this mixture - brandy, whisky, or nothing at all - as the whim takes you.你可以在这种混合饮料里加入任何你喜欢的东西——白兰地、威士忌或什么也不加——全看你自己。
onset of the cycle:
the onset of sth
the moment at which something unpleasant begins
（指不愉快的事情）的开始，发作
the onset of winter
The new treatment can delay the onset of the disease by several .新的治疗方法可以把发病时间推迟几年。
chlorophyll/ˈklɒr.ə.fɪl/ the green substance in plants,that allows them to use the energyfrom the sun叶绿素
phloem /ˈfləʊ.em/
the type of plant tissue that transports food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant
韧皮部（这种类型的植物组织将食物从叶子运输到植物的其它部分）
Potato-head n.[美国俚语]笨蛋，傻瓜
fueled up
to supply a system with a substance that can be burned to provideheat or power为…添加燃料
Our heating is fuelled by gas.我们的供暖系统是烧天然气的。
We have a gas-fuelled heating system.我们有一套烧天然气的供暖系统。
petrol/hydrogen-fuelled cars汽油／氢燃料汽车
That lush blossom fades as the fall sneaks in淡入，渐显
to (cause to) lose colour, brightness, or strength gradually
（使）褪色；（使）变暗；（使）衰弱
If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will fade.衣服挂在光线强的地方晾晒会褪色。
My suntan is already fading.我晒黑的肤色已经开始变浅了。
They arrived home just as the light was fading (= as it was getting dark).天擦黑时，他们到家了。
The sun had faded the blue walls.太阳把蓝色的墙晒褪了色。
carotenoids
any of a group of red or yellow pigments, including carotenes, found in plants and certain animal tissues 类胡萝卜色素
and anthocyanins /ˌænθəʊˈsaɪən/
any of a class of water-soluble glycosidic pigments, esp those responsible for the red and blue colours in flowers. They are closely related to vitamins E and P n. 花青素
revive in the next spring. annual cycles.
to come or bring something back to life, health, existence, or use
（使）苏醒；（使）复原；（使）复兴；（使）重新流行
to revive someone's hopes/confidence/fortunes使某人重新燃起希望／重树信心／时来运转
My plants revived as soon as I gave them some water.我给花浇了一些水，它们立即又生机盎然了。
A hot shower and a cup of will revive you.冲个热水澡，喝杯茶，你就会恢复精力的。
Traditional skills are being revived.传统手艺正在得到复兴。
Day17&18---3D printers--- How does a 3D printer work?
extension of this idea in which product designers make their own
[ C or U ] the fact of reaching, stretching, or continuing; the act of adding to something in order to make it bigger or longer 伸展；延伸 Martin Luther King, Jr, campaigned for the extension of civil rights to (= for them to include) black people. 小马丁‧路德‧金发起了为黑人争取公民权利的运动。 The extension (= increasing) of police powers in the province has been heavily criticized. 在该省增加警力的做法遭到了严厉抨击///（共享一个号码的）电话分机；（号码不同的）电话分机
We have an extension in our bedroom.
我们在卧室安了一部分机。
When you call, ask for extension 3276.
打电话时，让总机转分机3276。// us uk extramural offered by a university to people who are not studying for a degree there
（尤指学院或大学）对校外学生提供课程的；为非在校生而设的
extension classes/courses
对校外学生开设的课程
rapid prototypes, /ˈproʊ.t̬ə.taɪp/快速成型
the first example of something, such as a machine or other industrialproduct, from which all later forms are developed
原型a prototype for/of a new car新型轿车的原型
using sophisticated machines /səˈfɪs.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd/
having a good understanding of the way people behave and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion
精于世故的，老练的；见多识广的；很有品位的
She was slim, svelte, and sophisticated.她身材苗条，体态娇美，处事练达。
I don't think I have any books that would suit your sophisticated tastes.我认为我没有什么书能满足你那高雅的品位。
He was older than me and from London and I thought him very sophisticated.他比我大，而且来自伦敦，我觉得他为人很老练。
intelligent or made in a complicated way and therefore able to do tasks
精密的，复杂的；高级的
I think a more sophisticated approach is to solve this problem.我认为要解决这个问题需要更为高明的方法。
These are among the most sophisticated weapons in the world.这些属于世界上最尖端的武器。
similar to inkjet printers. 喷墨式打印机
an electronic printer that blows ink onto paper using very small jets(= small openings that push out liquid)
A 3D printer essentially works by
relating to the most important characteristics or ideas of something
本质上；根本上；基本上
It's essentially a dictionary but it differs in one or two respects.本质上说这还是一本词典，但在一两个方面它又不同于一般词典。
What he's saying is essentially true.他说的基本上都是实话。
extruding /ɪkˈstruːd/ extrude
to form something by forcing or pushing it out, especially through asmall opening
（尤指通过狭小的出口）挤压出，挤压成，压制
extruded aluminium rods压制成形的铝杆
molten plastic through /ˈmoʊl.tən/
Molten metal or rock is in a liquid state because of great heat.
熔化的，熔融的
molten glass/lava/lead熔化的玻璃／岩浆／铅
a tiny nozzle that it moves around precisely under computer control.
/ˈnɑː.zəl/
a narrow piece attached to the end of a tube so that the liquid or airthat comes out can be directed in a particular way
管嘴，喷嘴
Attach the nozzle to the hose before turning on the water.打开水龙头之前，把管嘴接到浇花园的软管上。
fused depositional modeling (FDM).
熔融沉积造型术 (Fused deposition modeling, FDM) 由明尼苏达州的 Stratasys 公司开发。在 FDM 的打印过程中，塑料或者腊等基材被从喷头中挤出，喷头会把基材加热至熔解温度，从而确保从喷头流出后基材立刻凝固。当喷头沿着希望的轨迹移动时，被挤出的基材便形成了截面。一个截面完成后，打印底座降低，喷头进行下一层的喷涂。
(1. 喷头挤出基材, 2. 已凝固的基材, 3. 可移动的打印底座)
与 SLA 一样，在打印悬空部分时，FDM 也需要支撑物。
现在的大部分家用3D打印机使用的是 FDM 技术
moves in the horizontal directions,水平方向
parallel to the ground or to the bottom or top edge of something
水平的；与地面（或底边、顶边）平行的；横的
Draw a horizontal line across the bottom of the page.在本页底部画一条水平线。
a horizontal line, surface, or position
水平线；水平面；水平位置
Rotate it slowly from the horizontal into a vertical position.慢慢将它从水平位置旋转到垂直位置
move in the vertical direction.
standing or pointing straight up or at an angle of 90° to ahorizontal surface or line
竖直的；垂直的；立式的
vertical lines/stripes竖线／竖条纹
She looked over the cliff and found she was standing at the edge of a vertical drop.她从悬崖上向下看，发现自己正站在陡直悬崖的边缘
cross-sectional
something that has been cut in half so that you can see the inside, or a model or picture of this
横截面（图），横断面（图），剖面（图）
a cross-section of the human heart人体心脏剖面图
a small group that represents all of the different types within thetotal group典型，代表
The demonstrators seemed to be from a wide cross-section of society.示威者似乎是来自社会的各个层面——有男有女，有老有少，有贫有富。
the nozzle spews out fluid material to fill the layer’s pattern. 涌出喷出
If something spews liquid or gas, or liquid or gas spews from something, it flows out in large amounts.
（使）（液体或气体）喷出，涌出
The volcano spewed a giant cloud of ash, dust, and gases into the air.火山向空中喷出大量的烟灰、灰尘和气体。
The drains spew (out) millions of gallons of raw sewage into the river.几百万加仑未经处理的污水从排水管里喷涌而出，倾泻进河里。
Paper came spewing from the computer printer.纸一张张地从打印机里被吐出来。
How does the nozzle know where to deposit material,
[ T usually + adv/prep ] to leave something somewhere
留下；存放
The flood waters fell, depositing mud over the whole area.洪水退去后留下的淤泥覆盖了整个区域。
The bus deposited me miles from anywhere.公共汽车把我扔在一个前不着村后不着店的地方。
The cuckoo deposits her eggs in other birds' nests.布谷鸟把自己的蛋下在其他鸟类的窝里。
I deposited my luggage in a locker at the station.我把行李存放在车站的储物柜里了。
[ T ] to put something valuable, especially money, in a bank orsafe (= strong box or cupboard with locks)
（在银行或保险柜中）存放，存储（尤指钱款）
There's a night safe outside the bank, so you can deposit money whenever you wish.银行外面有夜间保险箱，你可以随时把钱存进去。
I deposited £500 in my account this morning.今天早上我在自己的账户中存了500英镑
a substance or layer that is left, usually after a isremoved
沉淀物，沉积物
Decant the wine carefully, so that you leave the deposit in the bottom of the bottle.将酒小心倒出，以免把瓶底的沉淀物带出来。
In hard-water areas, a chalky deposit often in pipes and kettles.在水质较硬的地区，水管和水壶内常会形成白色沉积物。
The flood a thick deposit of mud over the entire ground floor of the house.洪水在整个房子的底层留下了一层厚厚的淤泥。
C2 [ C ] specialized geology a layer that has formed under the ground,especially over a long period
沉积层
mineral/oil/coal deposits矿／油／煤层
allowing another layer to pile on, thus to build up the height.
[ I or T, + adv/prep ] also pile up to arrange objects into a pile
把…堆积（或堆叠）起来
We piled plenty of logs up next to the fire.我们在炉火旁堆了很多木柴。
Please pile your homework books neatly on the table as you leave.离开时请把你们的作业本整齐地叠放在桌子上。
Her plate was piled (high) with salad.她的盘子里盛满了色拉。
Snow had piled up against the walls.雪在墙根堆积起来。
objects positioned one on top of another摞；垛；堆
a pile of books一摞书
a pile of dirty clothes一大堆脏衣服
pile it on informal
to say too much, especially giving too much emphasis
过多地谈论；（尤指）夸张，言过其实
You're really piling it on with the compliments tonight, Gareth, aren't you!
你今晚的确恭维得过分了，不是吗，加雷思？
Day19&20--The physics of playing guitar - Oscar Fernando Perez
A guitar is basicly six strings wired across a long-neck wooden box with a hole in its body.
to fasten two things together using wire
用金属丝捆扎
She had her jaws wired together so that she wouldn't be able to eat.她把上下颌用金属丝捆在一起，这样就不能吃东西了。
also wire up to connect a piece of electrical equipment with wires so that it will work
为（电子设备）接上电线（或导线）
The stereo wasn't working because it hadn't been wired up correctly.立体声音响不响了，因为电线没有接好。
Nearly one home in ten across the country is wired up to receive TV via cable.该国有近十分之一的家庭通过电缆接收电视信号。
n.金属丝；金属线 a wire fence金属线栅栏
电线；导线
Someone had cut the phone wires.有人切断了电话线。
Don't touch those wires whatever you do.无论如何都别碰那些导线
Strings are stretched straight along the neck,
to cause something to reach, often as far aspossible, in a particular direction
伸出；伸长；拉伸
I tripped on a piece of wire that someone had stretched across the path.我被不知是谁拉在路上的一根电线绊倒了。
She stretched out her hand and helped him from his chair.她伸手将他从椅子上扶起来
to spread over a large area or distance舒展；展开，铺开；延伸
A huge cloud of dense smoke stretched across the horizon.一大团浓烟在地平线上蔓延开来。
The Andes stretch for 7,250 km along the west coast of South America.安第斯山脉沿南美洲西海岸绵延达7250公里。
Unsettled weather will stretch from the middle Mississippi Valley to the southernMiddle Atlantic States.自密西西比河流域中部至濒大西洋中部诸州的南部天气均不稳定。
The refugee camps stretch as far as the eye can see.难民营绵延不绝，一眼望不到头。
to go as far as or past the usual limit of something
到…的限度；超过…的限度；竭尽
Many families' budgets are already stretched to breaking point.许多家庭的预算已经撑到了极限。
We can't work any harder, Paul. We're already fully stretched.我们无法再更卖力了，保罗。我们已经竭尽全力了。
This movie really stretches the patience of the audience to the limit.这部电影简直就是在考验观众的耐性。
Normally, people under 18 aren't allowed, but I guess we can stretch the rules for you as it's your birthday tomorrow.我们通常不接纳未满18岁的人，但考虑到明天是你的生日，我想我们可以稍稍变通一下。
（使弹性物）拉长，伸长；拽长
an exercise to stretch the leg muscles拉伸腿部肌肉的锻炼
That elastic band will snap if you stretch it too far.那根橡皮筋拉得太长会断的。
This substance stretches to any shape you want.这种物质可以拉伸成你想要的任何形状。
B2 [ I ] If a material stretches, it can become longer or wider whenpulled and then return to its original size.
有弹性，有弹力
to stretch fabrics弹力织物
to spread over a long period of time
延续
The dispute stretches back over many years.这场争论可追溯到许多年以前。
Although we were supposed to finish this month, it looks like the work will stretch wellinto next year.虽然我们应该在本月完工，但看来工作要拖到明年了。
[ T ] also stretch out to make a process or task continue for a longerperiod of time than was originally planned
延长（…的期限）
I'd like to stretch my mortgage payments out over a longer period if possible.如果可能的话，我想把按揭贷款的期限延长一些。
stretch verb (DO MORE)
If jobs or tasks stretch you, they make you new things that use your skill and experience more than before.
（工作或任务）使施展本领，对…具有挑战性
My present job doesn't stretch me, so I'm looking for something more demanding.我目前的工作不能让我尽展所长，所以我在寻找更有挑战性的工作。
space in between every adjacent pair.
very near, next to, or touching
邻近的；毗连的
They work in adjacent buildings.他们在相邻的两座楼里工作。
They lived in a house adjacent to the railway.他们家住在铁路旁边。
Plucking a string creates a musical sound,
I or T ] us also pick to pull and then release the strings of a musicalinstrument with your finger to play notes
拨，弹（乐器的弦）
He sat on the bed, idly plucking (at) the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上，随意地拨着吉他琴弦。
courage and a strong wish to succeed胆识，勇气
She showed a lot of pluck in standing up to her boss.她顶撞老板显示出了很大的勇气。
to pull something, especially with a movement, in orderto remove it拔
Caged birds sometimes pluck out their breast feathers.关在笼子里的鸟有时会把自己的胸羽拔下。
He plucked the letter from/out of my hand, and ran off with it.他从我手中抢过信后就跑开了。
Do you pluck your (= remove some of the hairs from them to give them abetter shape)?你修眉吗？
[ T ] to remove the feathers from a chicken or other bird so that it can be and eaten拔去（鸡或鸟的毛）
[ T usually passive ] to remove someone suddenly from a situation that isordinary使脱颖而出；提升
He was plucked from obscurity to star in the film.他脱颖而出成为这部电影的主演。
[ T ] to remove someone quickly from a dangerous or difficultsituation
使…脱离险境，解救
The last passengers were plucked from the ship just seconds before it sank.最后一批游客在船沉没前几秒钟被救起。
tanding waves of the strings jostles the guitar wood
to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them or get more space when you are in a crowd of people挤；推；撞
As we came into the arena, we were jostled by fans pushing their way towards thestage.我们进入场内时，被拥向舞台的歌迷们推来搡去。
Photographers jostled and shoved to get a better view of the royal couple.摄影师们推推搡搡，以便更清晰地拍到这对王室夫妇。
into vibration, and that vibration
continuous quick, slight shaking movement
持续振动；轻微抖动
Vibrations were felt hundreds of miles from the centre of the earthquake.距震中数百英里范围内都有震感。
Aircraft manufacturers want to reduce vibration for the sake of safety.飞机制造商出于安全的考虑而想要减轻震动。
further compresses the surrounding air into sound waves.
v. to press something into a smaller space压缩；压紧
Firmly compress the soil in the pot so that the plant is secure.把盆里的土压实使植株固定。
compressed air压缩空气
to make information, a piece of writing, etc. shorter
压缩（文字）；使（信息、作品等）精炼，缩短
The course compresses two year's training into six intensive months.这项课程把两年的培训内容压缩成6个月的强化训练。
I managed to compress ten pages of notes into four paragraphs.我设法把10页的笔记压缩成了4个段落。
to make a computer file use less space when it is stored in thememory of a computer or on a disk, by using a special program
压缩（计算机文件）
to compress data/files压缩数据／文件
n. a thick, soft piece of cloth that is pressed to a part of a person's bodyto stop bleeding or to reduce pain or swelling
（止血、止痛或消肿的）敷布，压布
a cold/hot compress冷／热敷布
a series of alternating oscillation of the nodes –
n.振动;波动;动摇;<物>振荡
Its oscillation depends on the strength of the gravitational field
它的振动幅度取决于引力场的强度。
his is a simple harmonic oscillation.
这是个简单谐波振荡。
peaks and lulls, whose vibration frequency –
a short period of calm in which little happens
平静时期；间歇
There has been a lull in the fighting.战斗中出现了一段间歇。
a lull in the conversation/traffic谈话的间歇／交通低谷
to cause someone to feel calm or to feel that they want to sleep
使安静，使平和；使发困
The motion of the car almost lulled her to sleep.汽车的颠簸让她昏昏欲睡。
the reciprocal of the distance
Areciprocal action or arrangement involves two people or groups ofpeople who behave in the same way or agree to help each other and give each other advantages.相互的；互惠的；报答的
They expected a reciprocal gesture before more hostages could be freed
在更多人质获得自由之前他们期望看到对方也有相应的表示。
The department said many countries had reciprocal agreements for health care with Britain. 该部门称许多国家和英国签订了医疗卫生互惠协议。
Our relationship is based on reciprocal respect.
我们的关系是以互相尊重为基础的。
The reciprocal of 8 is 1/ 8.
八的倒数为八分之一。
The guitar has a fretted neck –（吉他等弦乐器指板上定音的）品
to be nervous or worried
烦躁不安，苦恼，发愁
Don't fret - I'm sure he's OK.别发愁——他肯定没事。
She spent the day fretting about/over what she'd said to Nicky.她为对尼基说的话而担心了一整天。
by a half step of the octave.
the distance between two musical notes that are eight notes apart
八度；八度音阶
Her remarkable vocal range spanned three and a half octaves.她的音域达三个半八度，宽得惊人。
When two strings are struck together, the added-up waves can form a chord/kɔːrd/
three or more musical notes played at the same time（音乐的）和弦，和音
if the frequencies come in harmony.
C or U ] a pleasant musical sound made by different notes beingplayed or sung at the same time
（音乐中的）和声
singing in harmony唱和声
It is a simple melody with complex harmonies.这是一首和声复杂的简单旋律。
Day21&22,23- How is baseball played?
Baseball starts with the home team playing defense and
the visitor team playing offense进攻，锋线队员
defense :other team from scoring goals or points
（某些体育比赛中参赛队的）防线，后卫线
a strong defence强有力的防线
I play in defence.我是防守队员。
an argument or explanation that you use to prove that you are not guilty of something辩护，辩解；辩词
The judge remarked that ignorance was not a valid defence.法官说无知不能成为有效的辩护理由。
All I can say, in defence of my actions, is that I had little choice.我只能以别无选择来为自己的行为辩解。
the things said in court to prove that a person did not commit acrime
（法庭）辩护；脱罪
She said that she didn't want a lawyer and was going to conduct her own defence.她说她不需要律师，她要自己辩护。
the defence C2
the person or people in a law case who have been accused of doing something illegal, and their lawyer(s)辩方；辩方律师
a for the defence辩方证人
a defence lawyer辩方律师
The home team lost to the visitors 2 to 3.
主队以二比三败于客队。
protection or support against , criticism, or infection
保护，防护；防御；辩护
The rebels' only form of defence against the soldiers' guns was sticks and stones.叛乱者只能用木棍和石块来抵御士兵们的枪弹。
The war has ended but government spending on defence (= the country's armedforces) is still increasing.战争结束了，但政府用于国防的开支却还在增加。
When Helen criticized me, Chris came/rushed to my defence (= quickly supportedme).海伦批评我的时候，克里斯赶忙为我辩护。
The book is a closely argued defence of (= something that supports) the economictheory of Keynes.那本书通过严密的论证为凯恩斯的经济理论进行辩护。
The towers were once an important part of the city's defences.那些高塔曾经是该市防御体系中的重要组成部分。
A good diet helps build the body's natural defences.良好的饮食习惯有助于增强身体的自然抵抗能力。
offense进攻，锋线队员
an illegal act; a crime
犯罪行为；罪行
a serious/minor offence重／轻罪
a criminal/drink-driving offence刑事／酒后驾车罪
Driving without a licence is an offence.无照驾驶是违法行为。
He committed several serious offences.他犯了好几项重罪。
It's the third time that he's been convicted of a drug offence.这是他第三次因毒品犯罪被判刑。
upset and hurt or annoyed feelings, often because someone has been rude or shown no respect
冒犯；触犯；得罪
I really didn't mean (to cause/give) any offence (= did not intend to upset anyone) - I was just stating my opinion.我真的不想冒犯任何人——我只是在陈述自己的意见。
Do you think he took offence (= was upset) at what I said about his hair?你觉得我对他头发的评论得罪他了吗？
informal If you don't mind, I'd rather go on my own - no offence (), but I thinkit would be better.如果你不介意，我宁愿自己去——没有恶意，不过我觉得那样会更好。
switch places- swap roles
to change suddenly or completely, especially from one thing to another, or to exchange by replacing one person or thing with another
（尤指由此至彼地）突然改变，彻底改变；调换；转换
She started studying English, but switched to Law in her second year.她刚上大学时学的是英语，但二年级的时候她改学商务了。
In 1971, Britain switched over (= changed completely) to a decimal currency.1971年，英国改用十进制货币。
After the bank robbery, the switched cars (= left one car and got into another).抢劫银行后，匪徒们换了汽车。
switch the TV off/on关／开电视
a light switch电灯开关
Can you flip the switch?你能打开那个开关吗？
the defense will play offense and vice versa.
Teachers qualified to teach in England are not accepted in Scotland and vice versa.在英格兰有教书资格的老师在苏格兰得不到认可，反之亦然。
We gossip about them and vice versa.
我们议论他们，他们也议论我们
Each team go through
I don't ever want to go through anything like that again.
我不想再经历那样的事了。
If a law, plan, or deal goes through, it is officially accepted orapproved.
获得正式认可；被批准；被通过
A city council member said that the proposals for the new shopping centre wereunlikely to go through.政务委员会的女发言人说，修建新购物中心的计划不可能获得通过。
in each inning, one of the nine playing periods in a game of baseball
（棒球中的）局，回合
The first inning started.
第一局开始了。
pitcher
a player who pitches the ball in a baseball game投球手
a large, round container for liquids that has a flat base, ahandle, and a very narrow raised opening at the top for pouring
罐，壶
an earthenware pitcher陶罐
[ C ] us uk jug a container for holding liquids that has a handle and a shaped opening at the top for pouring
（带柄及顶部有开口的）壶，罐
a glass/plastic pitcher玻璃／塑料壶
a milk/water pitcher奶杯／水罐
a pitcher of beer/water/lemonade一壶啤酒／水／柠檬汁
home plate
in baseball, the place that the player has to stand next to in order tohit the ball, and the last place they have to touch to score a point（棒球运动中的）本垒板
The area of a baseball field that is enclosed by 3 bases and home plate.
被本垒和一、二、三垒包围起来的棒球场地。
at the bottom tip point.
the usually pointed end of something, especially something that is long and thin
（尤指细长物体的）末梢，末端，尖
We had asparagus tips for dinner.我们晚饭吃了芦笋尖。
If I stand on the tips of my toes, I can just reach the top shelf.如果踮起脚尖的话，我刚刚能够到书架的顶层。
The Keys are coral islands off the southern tip of Florida.基思群岛是佛罗里达半岛南端以外的一群珊瑚岛。
There's paint on the tip of your nose.你的鼻尖上有油漆。
V. to pour a substance from one containerinto another or onto a surface倒；倾倒
She tipped the contents of her purse out onto the table.她把钱包里的东西倒在桌子上。
He tipped his breakfast cereal into a bowl.他把早餐麦片倒入碗中。
The child picked up the box and tipped the toys out all over the floor.孩子捡起盒子，把里面的玩具倒了一地
N.小费 指导（关于比赛有望获胜者的）内幕消息
gardening/cooking/sewing tips关于园艺／烹饪／缝纫的指导
She gave me a useful/helpful/valuable/practical tip about/for tomatoes.她给了我种植西红柿的有用／有益／宝贵／实用的指点。
I've got a hot tip for you (= I can tell you about a particular likely winner of a race orcompetition, or give you a valuable piece of information).我能告诉你最新内幕消息。
The batter chooses to either swing or not swing to hit the ball
to move easily and without interruption backwards and or from one side to the other, from a fixed point, or to cause something or someone to do this
摆动，摇摆，摇晃
He walked briskly along swinging his rolled-up umbrella.他摇着收起的伞步履轻快地走在路上。
The door swung open.门开了。
[ I ] to change改变，变化
His mood swings between elation and despair.他情绪多变，一会儿兴高采烈，一会儿又伤心绝望
foul ball
in baseball, a ball hit outside the playing field on either side
界外球（棒球比赛中，棒球落地点在球场任意一边的界外）
And get foul ball footage from news and sport stations.
还有新闻和运动台的界外球录影。
I was concentrating so hard on the game that I didn't even blink until a foul ball hit me straight in the eye. 我全神贯注地看着球赛，连眼睛也没眨一下，直到有颗界外球正中我的眼睛。
third or even go around and finish the home run.
a point scored in baseball by the ball so far that you have timeto run all the way around the four corners of the field before it is returned（棒球运动中的）本垒打
It's a home run! The crowd goes wiid! 全垒打！人群疯狂了！
Can you beIieve it? I'm a home run ball! 你能相信吗？我成了本垒球！
We hit a home run last week at the trade fair.
我们在上周的商品交易会中取得了成功。
Run
in cricket and baseball, a single point, scored by running from one place to another
（板球或棒球中的）一分
England need 105 runs to win the game.英格兰队需要得到105分才能赢得比赛。
一连串
a run of successes/defeats/bad luck一个又一个的成功／一连串的失败／厄运连连
the usual type of something（某物的）普通类型，一般货色
Their food is the general run of hotel cooking.他们的饭菜是一般宾馆饭菜的水平。
an area of ground of limited size for keeping animals
饲养场；牧场
a sheep/chicken/hen run牧羊场／养鸡场
a long, vertical hole in tights and stockings
（连裤袜或长筒袜上的）脱线，抽丝
I've got a run in my tights from the nail on my chair.我的连裤袜被椅子上的钉子刮了一下，抽丝了。
