Android 6.0 运行时权限简洁封装
本文原创,转载请注明出处。欢迎关注我的 简书。
前言:
9月份跳槽到一家创业公司,终于知道为什么干我们这一行的容易猝死...
连续加班一个月,赶出了第一个项目,APP上线后发现权限忘记加了,又马上更新了个版本上去,后续又是新项目,又是功能迭代的,想说梳理下权限这块代码,也没时间动工,趁元旦在家,整理了下相关代码,写了这篇文章,希望对大家有所帮助。
2017.01.03 对跳转设置返回做了进一步的完善,修改点如下:
1.新增SETTINGS_REQUEST_CODE,mPermissionsList 参数
2.showPermissionSettingDialog方法修改
3.重写onActivityResult
参考资料如下:
Android Runtime Permissions
Android 6.0 运行时权限处理完全解析
MeloDev的Android 6.0 运行时权限简洁封装
MeloDev的这篇文章跟我的想法不谋而合,不一样的地方是在于我加了个必要权限判断,开发中我们会发现,有些权限是必须获取到的,不然会影响到一部分的功能,如SD卡权限,当然,如果用户不允许开通此类权限,APP理论上来说还是要允许用户继续使用的,但是我们要在很多地方加入权限判断,很是麻烦,所以干脆流氓一点吧,添加一个必要权限判断,如果必要权限被拒绝了,先弹窗,告知用户去个人中心手动开启,如果不然,直接退出APP....
整个世界都清净了!!!
好了,现在来看看如何封装:
我将运行时权限封装到 BaseActivity 中,BaseActivity 继承AppCompatActivity。
注解都写得很详细了,直接上代码。
回调接口:
/**
* Created by caihan on 2017/1/1.
* 权限申请接口
*/
public interface PermissionsResultListener {
void onPermissionGranted();
void onPermissionDenied();
}
BaseActivity里的权限代码:
/**
* Created by caihan on 2017/1/1.
*/
public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
private static final String TAG = "BaseActivity";
protected Context mContext;
// For Android 6.0
private PermissionsResultListener mListener;
//申请标记值
public static final int REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS = 100;
//手动开启权限requestCode
public static final int SETTINGS_REQUEST_CODE = 200;
//拒绝权限后是否关闭界面或APP
private boolean mNeedFinish = false;
//界面传递过来的权限列表,用于二次申请
private ArrayList<String> mPermissionsList = new ArrayList<>();
//必要全选,如果这几个权限没通过的话,就无法使用APP
protected static final ArrayList<String> FORCE_REQUIRE_PERMISSIONS = new ArrayList<String>() {
{
add(Manifest.permission.INTERNET);
add(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
}
};
@Override
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
super.onNewIntent(intent);
if (intent != null) {
setIntent(intent);
mContext = this;
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//没actionbar
supportRequestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
//取消横屏
setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
//输入法弹出的时候不顶起布局
//如果我们不设置"adjust..."的属性,对于没有滚动控件的布局来说,采用的是adjustPan方式,
// 而对于有滚动控件的布局,则是采用的adjustResize方式。
getWindow().setSoftInputMode(WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_ADJUST_PAN |
WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_HIDDEN);
// getWindow().setSoftInputMode(WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_ADJUST_RESIZE |
// WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_HIDDEN);
mContext = this;
}
/**
* 权限允许或拒绝对话框
*
* @param permissions 需要申请的权限
* @param needFinish 如果必须的权限没有允许的话,是否需要finish当前 Activity
* @param callback 回调对象
*/
protected void requestPermission(final ArrayList<String> permissions, final boolean needFinish,
final PermissionsResultListener callback) {
if (permissions == null || permissions.size() == 0) {
return;
}
mNeedFinish = needFinish;
mListener = callback;
mPermissionsList = permissions;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
//获取未通过的权限列表
ArrayList<String> newPermissions = checkEachSelfPermission(permissions);
if (newPermissions.size() > 0) {// 是否有未通过的权限
requestEachPermissions(newPermissions.toArray(new String[newPermissions.size()]));
} else {// 权限已经都申请通过了
if (mListener != null) {
mListener.onPermissionGranted();
}
}
} else {
if (mListener != null) {
mListener.onPermissionGranted();
}
}
}
/**
* 申请权限前判断是否需要声明
*
* @param permissions
*/
private void requestEachPermissions(String[] permissions) {
if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissions)) {// 需要再次声明
showRationaleDialog(permissions);
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, permissions,
REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS);
}
}
/**
* 弹出声明的 Dialog
*
* @param permissions
*/
private void showRationaleDialog(final String[] permissions) {
final AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
builder.setTitle("提示")
.setMessage("为了应用可以正常使用,请您点击确认申请权限。")
.setPositiveButton("确认",
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, permissions,
REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS);
}
})
.setNegativeButton("取消",
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
dialog.dismiss();
if (mNeedFinish) finish();
}
})
.setCancelable(false)
.show();
}
/**
* 检察每个权限是否申请
*
* @param permissions
* @return newPermissions.size > 0 表示有权限需要申请
*/
private ArrayList<String> checkEachSelfPermission(ArrayList<String> permissions) {
ArrayList<String> newPermissions = new ArrayList<String>();
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
newPermissions.add(permission);
}
}
return newPermissions;
}
/**
* 再次申请权限时,是否需要声明
*
* @param permissions
* @return
*/
private boolean shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String[] permissions) {
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permission)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 申请权限结果的回调
*
* @param requestCode
* @param permissions
* @param grantResults
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
@NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS && permissions != null) {
// 获取被拒绝的权限列表
ArrayList<String> deniedPermissions = new ArrayList<>();
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
deniedPermissions.add(permission);
}
}
// 判断被拒绝的权限中是否有包含必须具备的权限
ArrayList<String> forceRequirePermissionsDenied =
checkForceRequirePermissionDenied(FORCE_REQUIRE_PERMISSIONS, deniedPermissions);
if (forceRequirePermissionsDenied != null && forceRequirePermissionsDenied.size() > 0) {
// 必备的权限被拒绝,
if (mNeedFinish) {
showPermissionSettingDialog();
} else {
if (mListener != null) {
mListener.onPermissionDenied();
}
}
} else {
// 不存在必备的权限被拒绝,可以进首页
if (mListener != null) {
mListener.onPermissionGranted();
}
}
}
}
/**
* 检查回调结果
*
* @param grantResults
* @return
*/
private boolean checkEachPermissionsGranted(int[] grantResults) {
for (int result : grantResults) {
if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
private ArrayList<String> checkForceRequirePermissionDenied(
ArrayList<String> forceRequirePermissions, ArrayList<String> deniedPermissions) {
ArrayList<String> forceRequirePermissionsDenied = new ArrayList<>();
if (forceRequirePermissions != null && forceRequirePermissions.size() > 0
&& deniedPermissions != null && deniedPermissions.size() > 0) {
for (String forceRequire : forceRequirePermissions) {
if (deniedPermissions.contains(forceRequire)) {
forceRequirePermissionsDenied.add(forceRequire);
}
}
}
return forceRequirePermissionsDenied;
}
/**
* 手动开启权限弹窗
*/
private void showPermissionSettingDialog() {
final AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
builder.setTitle("提示")
.setMessage("必要的权限被拒绝")
.setPositiveButton("去设置", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
AppUtils.getAppDetailsSettings(BaseActivity.this, SETTINGS_REQUEST_CODE);
}
})
.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
dialogInterface.dismiss();
if (mNeedFinish) AppUtils.restart(BaseActivity.this);
}
})
.setCancelable(false)
.show();
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
//如果需要跳转系统设置页后返回自动再次检查和执行业务 如果不需要则不需要重写onActivityResult
if (requestCode == SETTINGS_REQUEST_CODE) {
requestPermission(mPermissionsList, mNeedFinish, mListener);
}
}
}
跳转应用设置和关闭APP进程的代码:
/**
* 获取App具体设置
*
* @param context 上下文
*/
public static void getAppDetailsSettings(Context context, int requestCode) {
getAppDetailsSettings(context, context.getPackageName(), requestCode);
}
/**
* 获取App具体设置
*
* @param context 上下文
* @param packageName 包名
*/
public static void getAppDetailsSettings(Context context, String packageName, int requestCode) {
if (StringUtils.isSpace(packageName)) return;
((AppCompatActivity) context).startActivityForResult(
IntentUtils.getAppDetailsSettingsIntent(packageName), requestCode);
}
/**
* 获取App具体设置的意图
*
* @param packageName 包名
* @return intent
*/
public static Intent getAppDetailsSettingsIntent(String packageName) {
Intent intent = new Intent("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS");
intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + packageName));
return intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
}
/**
* 通过任务管理器杀死进程
* 需添加权限 {@code <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RESTART_PACKAGES"/>}</p>
*
* @param context
*/
public static void restart(Context context) {
int currentVersion = android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
if (currentVersion > android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.ECLAIR_MR1) {
Intent startMain = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
startMain.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);
startMain.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
context.startActivity(startMain);
System.exit(0);
} else {// android2.1
ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager) context.getSystemService(ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
am.restartPackage(context.getPackageName());
}
}
界面上调用代码:
这里我直接传了必要权限数列过去,因此如果有任何一个权限没通过,都会退出APP,
如果你打算分场合请求权限的话,可以修改下我的代码,必要和非必要权限都从界面传递过来就可以了。
requestPermission(FORCE_REQUIRE_PERMISSIONS, true, new PermissionsResultListener() {
@Override
public void onPermissionGranted() {
ToastUtils.showShortToast("已申请权限");
}
@Override
public void onPermissionDenied() {
ToastUtils.showShortToast("拒绝申请权限");
}
});
代码相对来说比较简单,我就不上传到GitHub了,如果大家有更好的封装方式的话,可以交流下。