一、初识ReentrantLock
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* Created by haicheng.lhc on 17/05/2017.
*
* @author haicheng.lhc
* @date 2017/05/17
*/
public class ReentrantLockTest extends Thread {
public static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public static int i = 0;
public ReentrantLockTest(String name) {
super.setName(name);
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int j = 0; j < 10000000; j++) {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(this.getName() + " " + i);
i++;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
/**
* @param args
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ReentrantLockTest test1 = new ReentrantLockTest("thread1");
ReentrantLockTest test2 = new ReentrantLockTest("thread2");
test1.start();
test2.start();
test1.join();
test2.join();
System.out.println(i);
}
}
最后的结果是
20000000
;如果去掉锁,那么输出结果是一个小于20000000
的不确定的数
二、ReentrantLock的优点
- java中已经有了内置锁:
synchronized
,synchronized
的特点是使用简单,一切交给JVM去处理,不需要显示释放 - 从用法上可以看出,与
synchronized
相比,ReentrantLock
就稍微复杂一点。因为必须在finally中进行解锁操作,如果不在 finally解锁,有可能代码出现异常锁没被释放,
那么为什么要引入ReentrantLock呢?
- 在jdk1.5里面,
ReentrantLock
的性能是明显优于synchronized
的,但是在jdk1.6里面,synchronized
做了优化,他们之间的性能差别已经不明显了。
-
ReentrantLock
并不是一种替代内置加锁的方法,而是作为一种可选择的高级功能。 - 相比于
synchronized
,ReentrantLock
在功能上更加丰富,它具有可重入、可中断、可限时、公平锁等特点。
ReentrantLock 实现了 Lock interface
可重入(其实synchronized 也是可重入的)
lock.lock();
lock.lock();
try
{
i++;
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();
lock.unlock();
}
由于
ReentrantLock
是重入锁,所以可以反复得到相同的一把锁,它有一个与锁相关的获取计数器,如果拥有锁的某个线程再次得到锁,那么获取计数器就加1,然后锁需要被释放两次才能获得真正释放(重入锁)。
可中断
- 与
synchronized
不同的是,ReentrantLock
对中断是有响应的.synchronized
一旦尝试获取锁就会一直等待直到获取到锁。
构造一个死锁的例子,然后用中断来处理死锁
package concurrency.in.practice;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.ThreadInfo;
import java.lang.management.ThreadMXBean;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* Created by haicheng.lhc on 17/05/2017.
*
* @author haicheng.lhc
* @date 2017/05/17
*/
public class LockInterrupt extends Thread {
public static ReentrantLock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
public static ReentrantLock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();
int lock;
public LockInterrupt(int lock, String name) {
super(name);
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
if (lock == 1) {
lock1.lockInterruptibly();
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
lock2.lockInterruptibly();
} else {
lock2.lockInterruptibly();
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
lock1.lockInterruptibly();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
} finally {
if (lock1.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
lock1.unlock();
}
if (lock2.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
lock2.unlock();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + ":线程退出");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
LockInterrupt t1 = new LockInterrupt(1, "LockInterrupt1");
LockInterrupt t2 = new LockInterrupt(2, "LockInterrupt2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
//DeadlockChecker.check();
}
static class DeadlockChecker {
private final static ThreadMXBean mbean = ManagementFactory
.getThreadMXBean();
public static void check() {
Thread tt = new Thread(() -> {
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
while (true) {
long[] deadlockedThreadIds = mbean.findDeadlockedThreads();
if (deadlockedThreadIds != null) {
ThreadInfo[] threadInfos = mbean.getThreadInfo(deadlockedThreadIds);
for (Thread t : Thread.getAllStackTraces().keySet()) {
for (int i = 0; i < threadInfos.length; i++) {
if (t.getId() == threadInfos[i].getThreadId()) {
System.out.println(t.getName());
t.interrupt();
}
}
}
}
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
}
});
tt.setDaemon(true);
tt.start();
}
}
}
执行后,确实出现了死锁,使用jstack可以看到如下结果:
通过中断来停止线程,结果如下:
可限时
超时不能获得锁,就返回false,不会永久等待构成死锁
使用
lock.tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
来实现可限时锁,参数为时间和单位。
例子
package concurrency.in.practice;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* Created by haicheng.lhc on 17/05/2017.
*
* @author haicheng.lhc
* @date 2017/05/17
*/
public class TryLockTest extends Thread {
public static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public TryLockTest(String name){
super(name);
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
if (lock.tryLock(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
Thread.sleep(6000);
} else {
System.out.println(this.getName() + " get lock failed");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
if (lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
System.out.println("lock.isHeldByCurrentThread: " + this.getName());
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TryLockTest t1 = new TryLockTest("TryLockTest1");
TryLockTest t2 = new TryLockTest("TryLockTest2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
输出结果:
两个线程来争夺一把锁,获得锁的线程sleep6秒,每个线程都只尝试5秒去获得锁。
所以必定有一个线程无法获得锁。无法获得后就直接退出了。
公平锁
一般意义上的锁是不公平的,不一定先来的线程能先得到锁,后来的线程就后得到锁。不公平的锁可能会产生饥饿现象。
公平锁的意思就是,这个锁能保证线程是先来的先得到锁。虽然公平锁不会产生饥饿现象,但是公平锁的性能会比非公平锁差很多。
使用方法:
public ReentrantLock(boolean fair)
public static ReentrantLock fairLock = new ReentrantLock(true);