目录

5. 路由系统
   典型写法
   默认转换器
   路由本质
   CBV
   app.add_url_rule参数
   正则
6. 模板
7. 请求响应
8. session

5.路由系统

典型写法

@app.route('/detail/<int:nid>',methods=['GET'],endpoint='detail')

默认转换器

DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
    'default':          UnicodeConverter,
    'string':           UnicodeConverter,
    'any':              AnyConverter,
    'path':             PathConverter,
    'int':              IntegerConverter,
    'float':            FloatConverter,
    'uuid':             UUIDConverter,
}

路由系统本质

"""
1. decorator = app.route('/',methods=['GET','POST'],endpoint='n1')
    def route(self, rule, **options):
        # app对象
        # rule= /
        # options = {methods=['GET','POST'],endpoint='n1'}
        def decorator(f):
            endpoint = options.pop('endpoint', None)
            self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options)
            return f
        return decorator
2. @decorator
    decorator(index)
"""
#同理
def login():
    return '登录'
app.add_url_rule('/login', 'n2', login, methods=['GET',"POST"])
#与django路由类似
#django与flask路由：flask路由基于装饰器，本质是基于：add_url_rule
#add_url_rule 源码中，endpoint如果为空，endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func)，最终取view_func.__name__（函数名）

CBV(源码分析)

def auth(func):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print('before')
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print('after')
        return result

    return inner

class IndexView(views.View):
    methods = ['GET']
    decorators = [auth, ]

    def dispatch_request(self):
        print('Index')
        return 'Index!'

app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index'))  # name=endpoint
#或者，通常用此方式
  class IndexView(views.MethodView):
            methods = ['GET']
            decorators = [auth, ]

            def get(self):
                return 'Index.GET'

            def post(self):
                return 'Index.POST'
        app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index'))  # name=endpoint

app.add_url_rule参数

@app.route和app.add_url_rule参数:
rule, URL规则
view_func, 视图函数名称
defaults = None, 默认值, 当URL中无参数，函数需要参数时，使用defaults = {'k': 'v'}
为函数提供参数
endpoint = None, 名称，用于反向生成URL，即： url_for('名称')
methods = None, 允许的请求方式，如：["GET", "POST"]
#对URL最后的 / 符号是否严格要求
strict_slashes = None
    '''
        @app.route('/index', strict_slashes=False)
        #访问http://www.xx.com/index/ 或http://www.xx.com/index均可
        @app.route('/index', strict_slashes=True)
        #仅访问http://www.xx.com/index
    '''
#重定向到指定地址
redirect_to = None, 
    '''
        @app.route('/index/<int:nid>', redirect_to='/home/<nid>')
    '''

#子域名访问
subdomain = None, 
    '''
    #C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
    127.0.0.1       www.liuqingzheng.com
    127.0.0.1       admin.liuqingzheng.com
    127.0.0.1       buy.liuqingzheng.com
    
    from flask import Flask, views, url_for
    app = Flask(import_name=__name__)
    app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'liuqingzheng.com:5000'
    @app.route("/", subdomain="admin")
    def static_index():
        """Flask supports static subdomains
        This is available at static.your-domain.tld"""
        return "static.your-domain.tld"
    #可以传入任意的字符串，如传入的字符串为aa，显示为 aa.liuqingzheng.com
    @app.route("/dynamic", subdomain="<username>")
    def username_index(username):
        """Dynamic subdomains are also supported
        Try going to user1.your-domain.tld/dynamic"""
        return username + ".your-domain.tld"
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app.run()
        
    访问：
    http://www.liuqingzheng.com:5000/dynamic
    http://admin.liuqingzheng.com:5000/dynamic
    http://buy.liuqingzheng.com:5000/dynamic
    '''

支持正则

#1 写类，继承BaseConverter
#2 注册：app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter
# 3 使用：@app.route('/index/<regex("\d+"):nid>')  正则表达式会当作第二个参数传递到类中
from flask import Flask, views, url_for
from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter

app = Flask(import_name=__name__)

class RegexConverter(BaseConverter):
    """
    自定义URL匹配正则表达式
    """
    def __init__(self, map, regex):
        super(RegexConverter, self).__init__(map)
        self.regex = regex

    def to_python(self, value):
        """
        路由匹配时，匹配成功后传递给视图函数中参数的值
        """
        return int(value)

    def to_url(self, value):
        """
        使用url_for反向生成URL时，传递的参数经过该方法处理，返回的值用于生成URL中的参数
        """
        val = super(RegexConverter, self).to_url(value)
        return val
# 添加到flask中
app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter
@app.route('/index/<regex("\d+"):nid>')
def index(nid):
    print(url_for('index', nid='888'))
    return 'Index'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

6.模版

比django中多可以加括号，执行函数，传参数

from flask import Flask,render_template,Markup,jsonify,make_response
app = Flask(__name__)

def func1(arg):
    return Markup("<input type='text' value='%s' />" %(arg,))
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html',ff = func1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

    {{ff('六五')}}
    {{ff('六五')|safe}}

</body>
</html>

注意：

1.Markup等价django的mark_safe ,

2.extends,include一模一样

7.请求响应

   from flask import Flask
    from flask import request
    from flask import render_template
    from flask import redirect
    from flask import make_response

    app = Flask(__name__)


    @app.route('/login.html', methods=['GET', "POST"])
    def login():

        # 请求相关信息
        # request.method
        # request.args
        # request.form
        # request.values
        # request.cookies
        # request.headers
        # request.path
        # request.full_path
        # request.script_root
        # request.url
        # request.base_url
        # request.url_root
        # request.host_url
        # request.host
        # request.files
        # obj = request.files['the_file_name']
        # obj.save('/var/www/uploads/' + secure_filename(f.filename))

        # 响应相关信息
        # return "字符串"
        # return render_template('html模板路径',**{})
        # return redirect('/index.html')
        #return jsonify({'k1':'v1'})

        # response = make_response(render_template('index.html'))
        # response是flask.wrappers.Response类型
        # response.delete_cookie('key')
        # response.set_cookie('key', 'value')
        # response.headers['X-Something'] = 'A value'
        # return response
        return "内容"

    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app.run()

8.session

除请求对象之外，还有一个 session 对象。它允许你在不同请求间存储特定用户的信息。它是在 Cookies 的基础上实现的，并且对 Cookies 进行密钥签名要使用会话，你需要设置一个密钥。 (app.session_interface对象)

设置：session['username'] ＝ 'xxx'
删除：session.pop('username', None)