这篇文章很长。
不是告诉你有哪些写作必备词汇，
而是告诉你单词的用法。
很多同学正在幻想：那就是总结单词的用法嘛，背了就行。
邵教授讲单词，将涉及的核心内容包括：
1. 大量例句
2. 单词相关搭配
3. 易混淆词比较
4. 常见错法
1. 大量例句
要讲解单词的用法，就一定涉及例句。
一旦引入例句，你在本文中需要阅读的内容肯定很多，因为邵教授一定会通过足够数量的正确例句来总结单词用法。
2. 相关搭配
一个单词可能会有：
1) 多种用法和搭配（比如动词搭配不同的介词），
2) 不同用法之间有联系和差异，
这些都会讲到。
3. 易混淆词比较
既然用于雅思/托福写作，学生肯定会纠结——
用这个词，还是用它的近义词？
所以本文在讲解单词的时候，还要对比易混淆词。
4. 常见错法
既然邵教授批改了数以万计的学生英语作文，那肯定知道学生在使用单词的时候容易犯什么错。所以，还会顺便讲解错误的用法。
因此，这篇很长的文章其实只讲5个单词的用法。
这5个单词，是从考官范文中提炼出来的。
如果你能掌握，你就
剑桥雅思8 Test 1
Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
考官范文
（黑体单词之后详细讲解）
A child's education has never been about learning information and basic skills only. It has always included teaching the next generation how to be good members of society. Therefore, this cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone.
In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their values. Educating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always begins in the home and is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents. They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world.
However, learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannnot be achieved just in the home. Once a child goes to school they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society. This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community.
But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill. It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility for every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and able members of that society.
1. respect
1) 尊重
All the other scholars respect her.
Not only do students respect their teachers, we form close bonds with them, too.
respect的宾语，可以是事物吗？
别猜，去语料库搜。
Please respect my privacy.、
尊重隐私
He respects the media's right to ask questions, even in difficult circumstances.
尊重权利
It respects the creativity of the customers, whom designers choose to overwhelm.
尊重创造力
He also respects the fact that my husband and I are far more liberal than he is.
尊重事实
I know I need to respect my mother's wishes, but maybe we can make an agreement.
尊重意愿
In that regard, they need to respect the fine line between support and enabling.
尊重界线
2) 方面
A. in this respect 在这个方面，从这个方面看
In this respect and others, she is well teamed with the James.
The battery contains no mercury and is in this respect environmentally friendly.
Darwin's theory and its later modifications, in this respect, are quite limited.
B. in some respects 在一些方面
He said his ideology, in some respects, is similar to State Senator Jim Kastama's.
It doesn't take long to realise that Ronson is a bit of a nerd in some respects.
2. obey
遵守，服从
obey orders
obey the road rules
Most people obey the law.
不同于法律的其他“律”也行：
obey the law of gravity
Be careful to obey the manufacturer's washing instructions.
Before you post, please read the terms of use and obey these simple guidelines.
规则以外的其他东西，也行：
Neptune is encouraging you to listen to your heart and obey your gut instincts.
遵从本能
可以把遵守的东西具体吗？
别猜，去语料库搜。
Pilots must call out their positions on the radio and obey a 161mph speed limit.
遵守限速（这条规则）
obey的宾语可以是人吗？
She wanted her daughter to obey her.
其实obey sb.指的是obey sb.'s orders.
3. share
1) 分享
She shared her chocolate bar with a friend.
得到基本句式：share sth. with sb.
2) 分摊，分担
We can share the cost of the petrol.
share a responsibility
3) 共用
share a room
She and Destiny were friends, so close in size they shared cheerleaderuniforms.
They've shared the stage with national acts such as the Shondes and Bound Stems.
There is only one computer, so we will have to share.
那这个share呢？
She shares my view about the election.
1) 她把我的看法分享给了别人？不对。
2) 她和我的看法相同？正确。
share可以接宾语从句吗？
别猜，去语料库搜。
She shared that the experience had a great influence on the way she cooks today.
I shared that I had dined with the family of a fallen Marine the previous night.
share的语义是“分享，还是分摊，还是共用”，取决于它的宾语。
换一个角度来想，分享、分摊和共用其实都是“多个人一起承受”的意思。
只是，英语对此没有区分，而汉语进行了区分：
A. 多个人一起承受美好的事物（美食等），叫做分享；
B. 多个人一起承受抽象的事物（花费，责任等），叫做分摊。
C. 多个人一起承受具体的事物（房间，电脑等），叫做共用。
无论多个人一起承受什么，都叫share.
类似地，汉语用“拿、端、拎、提、背和斜跨”等词展示了人携带（物品）的方式，但是“拿、端、拎、提、背和斜跨”都只对应carry.
4. behave
表现得好
I told the child to behave.
The child always behaves at his grandmother's.
behave可以作不及物动词，也可以作及物动词。
The child behaved himself all day.（himself可以不写）
behave接哪些状语？
1) 和behave搭配的副词
The child behaved badly at the party.
In flight, passengers behave differently on board a jumbo than on a smaller jet.
Turkey's politicians behave irresponsibly because the system encourages them to.
2) 和behave搭配的介词（短语）
A. 表现得像……一样
He behaved like an idiot.
He always behaves like a gentleman.
Now we must behave like responsible adults and guide the system toward maturity.
B. 以某种方式表现
To do that, we have to behave in a way that makes a contribution to the country.
C. 在……范围内行事
The majority of them are trained to be fair, accurate and behavewithinthe law.
在某人面前表现（不）好，用什么状语？
He behaved badly in front ofher.（错，汉语直译）
He behaved badly towards her.（正）
behave的主语只能是人吗？
别猜，去语料库搜。
Poland might well behave like China if the international politics allowed it to.
其实，上句主语本质上仍然是人（人构成的集合）。
Ras is part of a family that transmits signals controlling the waycellsbehave.
细胞，勉强算是和人相关的。但是，以下例句，主语完全和人无关。
This fabric behaves well even in hot weather.
这种织物在炎热的天气中表现得很好（不变形，不易破等）。
The car behaves well in traffic.
Metals behave in different ways when heated.
语义扩展。
很多英语单词，刚创生的时候，可能只有一种意思。但是，在日常使用中，它的语义就被人们扩展了——比如，从只能用于人，扩充为可用于物。
我们在记单词语义的时候，关键在于记住最基本的意思（本身义），然后留意引申义。
然而，这一点被很多学生滥用。
了解了单词的本身义，就自创出单词的引申义。
这是考鸭在写作中单词用错的常见原因。
5. contribute
1) 贡献（钱）(v.)
They contributed to several charities.
contribute可以用作不及物动词，还可以用作及物动词。
She contributed £10 to the collection.
They say they would like to contribute more to charity.
和contribute搭配的介词，是to.
2) 为……做贡献，有助于(v.)
*Exercise contributes to better health.
Everyone contributed to the success of the play.
contribute to中的to是介词，后面接名词。
contribute可以接V-ing吗？
别猜，去语料库搜。
I want to contribute to solving the problem.
contribute to接的东西，一定是好的吗？
不一定。
3) 导致，引起(v.)
**Drink contributed to the accident.
Design faults in the boat contributed to the tragedy.
His gambling contributed to his downfall.
Sellers of alcohol have a heavy responsibility not to contribute to the problem.
contribute to接的东西，可以是坏的。
注：其实，contribute自带了一层语义，即该原因不是唯一原因。
例句*，锻炼有助于健康，但锻炼只是影响健康的因素之一。
例句**，喝酒导致了这个事故，但喝酒不是导致这个事故的唯一原因。
相应地，在写作中，如果你想表达事件A是事件B发生的主要原因时，
1) 你不应该用A contributes to B.（暗示A不是唯一原因）
2) 而应该用A is the main cause of B.（强调A是主要原因）
这就是对单词更深层次的理解和运用。
如果学生把2) 写成1)，展现的不仅仅是选词能力不足，还表明考生对因果关系判断存在问题。
结语
1) 如果你用查例句的方式查单词，你会发现单词真正的用法。
2) 如果你能像上面那样对自己提问，并自己找例句确定单词的用法，你能掌握单词的用法。
3) 如果你能通过例句和单词的英文语义来区分不同单词，你能在关键时候选对单词。
4) 如果你能在日常写作中怀疑自己所写可能有错，你便能真正一点一点进步。
