前言

本系列已写了四篇文章，读本篇之前，可以先读前面几篇。
思考大纲：.Net架构篇:思考如何设计一款实用的分布式监控系统？
实践篇一：.NetCore实践篇：分布式监控客户端ZipkinTracer从入门到放弃之路
实践篇二：.NetCore实践篇：分布式监控系统zipkin踩坑之路（二）
实践篇三：.NetCore实践篇：成功解决分布式监控ZipKin聚合依赖问题（三）

简要回顾

zipkin

Zipkin是一种分布式跟踪系统。它有助于收集解决微服务架构中的延迟问题所需的时序数据
zipkin官网

zipkin4Net

zipkin4net是.NET客户端库。
zipkin4net

zipkin-dependencies

这是一个Spark作业，它将从您的数据存储区收集跨度，分析服务之间的链接，并存储它们以供以后在Web UI中呈现。

使用方法

如果内存不足时，java后跟上-Xmx1024m -Xms1024m参数，JAVA_OPTS的一些参数可参考Oracle官方说明配置默认JVM和Java参数

# ex to run the job to process yesterday's traces on OS/X
$ STORAGE_TYPE=cassandra3 java -jar zipkin-dependencies.jar `date -uv-1d +%F`
# or on Linux
$ STORAGE_TYPE=cassandra3 java -jar zipkin-dependencies.jar `date -u -d '1 day ago' +%F`

MySQL 存储

* `MYSQL_DB`: 使用的数据库，默认是 "zipkin".
* `MYSQL_USER` and `MYSQL_PASS`: MySQL授权, 默认是空.
* `MYSQL_HOST`: 默认主机（域名/ip）是localhost
* `MYSQL_TCP_PORT`: 默认端口是 3306
* `MYSQL_USE_SSL`: 验证 `javax.net.ssl.trustStore` 和 `javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword`,默认不验证。

示例

$ STORAGE_TYPE=mysql MYSQL_USER=root java -jar zipkin-dependencies.jar

详情参考：
zipkin-dependencies

实践

创建使用数据库

mysql> create database mytestdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| mytestdb           |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| ttt                |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mytestdb
Database changed

使用sql语句创建zipkin表

CREATETABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `parent_id` BIGINT,
  `debug` BIT(1),
  `start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp():epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
  `duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration():micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query'
)ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
 
ALTERTABLE zipkin_spans ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT'ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'forjoining with zipkin_annotations';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'forgetTracesByIds';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering andrange';
 
CREATETABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincideswith zipkin_spans.trace_id',
  `span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincideswith zipkin_spans.id',
  `a_key` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
  `a_value` BLOB COMMENT'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
  `a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
  `a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used toimplement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
  `endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null whenBinary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_ipv6` BINARY(16) COMMENT 'Null whenBinary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
  `endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null whenBinary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null'
)ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
 
ALTERTABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`,`a_key`, `a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`)COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'forgetTraces/ByIds';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT 'forgetTraces and getServiceNames';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';
ALTERTABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`) COMMENT 'fordependencies job';
 
CREATETABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
  `day` DATE NOT NULL,
  `parent` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `child` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `call_count` BIGINT
)ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
 
ALTERTABLE zipkin_dependencies ADD UNIQUE KEY(`day`, `parent`, `child`);

创建成功后，查询结果。

mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_mytestdb  |
+---------------------+
| zipkin_annotations  |
| zipkin_dependencies |
| zipkin_spans        |
+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

启动zipkin-dependencies

最开始我的密码是【四个字母一个感叹号一个数字】，再执行启动命令时，密码那块给我报错自动换成【四个字母rm -f】，我修改成【四个字母一个#号一个数字】就能执行了

执行成功后，依然提示Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO),但我在linux的命令中直接用mysql -u root -p相同密码是可以登录成功的。所以问题出现在哪呢？

[root@izwz9fwifc2eniq3lbdzmgz cusD]# STORAGE_TYPE=mysql MYSQL_HOST=localhost MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 MYSQL_DB=mytestdb MYSQL_USER=XXXXX MYSQL_PASS=XXXXX java -Xmx1024m -Xms1024m  -jar  zipkin-dependencies.jar 


Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.sql.SQLInvalidAuthorizationSpecException: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    at zipkin2.dependencies.mysql.MySQLDependenciesJob.hasTraceIdHigh(MySQLDependenciesJob.java:233)
    at zipkin2.dependencies.mysql.MySQLDependenciesJob.run(MySQLDependenciesJob.java:184)
    at zipkin2.dependencies.ZipkinDependenciesJob.main(ZipkinDependenciesJob.java:65)
Caused by: java.sql.SQLInvalidAuthorizationSpecException: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.exceptions.ExceptionMapper.get(ExceptionMapper.java:173)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.exceptions.ExceptionMapper.getException(ExceptionMapper.java:110)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.protocol.AbstractConnectProtocol.connectWithoutProxy(AbstractConnectProtocol.java:1115)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.Utils.retrieveProxy(Utils.java:502)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.MariaDbConnection.newConnection(MariaDbConnection.java:154)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver.connect(Driver.java:86)
    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:664)
    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:247)
    at zipkin2.dependencies.mysql.MySQLDependenciesJob.hasTraceIdHigh(MySQLDependenciesJob.java:229)
    ... 2 more
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
Current charset is UTF-8. If password has been set using other charset, consider using option 'passwordCharacterEncoding'
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.protocol.AbstractConnectProtocol.authentication(AbstractConnectProtocol.java:862)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.protocol.AbstractConnectProtocol.handleConnectionPhases(AbstractConnectProtocol.java:785)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.protocol.AbstractConnectProtocol.connect(AbstractConnectProtocol.java:456)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.protocol.AbstractConnectProtocol.connectWithoutProxy(AbstractConnectProtocol.java:1111)
    ... 8 more

追溯源码

逼不得已，走上查看源码之路，Idea打开zipkin-dependencies/mysql源码，查看相关部分代码。

public static final class Builder {
    Map<String, String> sparkProperties = ImmutableMap.of(
        "spark.ui.enabled", "false"
    );

    String db = getEnv("MYSQL_DB", "zipkin");
    String host = getEnv("MYSQL_HOST", "localhost");
    int port = Integer.parseInt(getEnv("MYSQL_TCP_PORT", "3306"));
    String user = getEnv("MYSQL_USER", "");
    String password = getEnv("MYSQL_PASS", "");
    int maxConnections = Integer.parseInt(getEnv("MYSQL_MAX_CONNECTIONS", "10"));
    boolean useSsl = Boolean.parseBoolean(getEnv("MYSQL_USE_SSL", "false"));

    // local[*] master lets us run & test the job locally without setting a Spark cluster
    String sparkMaster = getEnv("SPARK_MASTER", "local[*]");
    // By default the job only works on traces whose first timestamp is today
    long day = midnightUTC(System.currentTimeMillis());
    /** 
    *为减少篇幅，中间设置属性部分代码省略。
    */
    public MySQLDependenciesJob build() {
      return new MySQLDependenciesJob(this);
    }
  }
    /** 
    *为减少篇幅，中间部分代码省略。
    */
MySQLDependenciesJob(Builder builder) {
    this.db = builder.db;
    this.day = builder.day;
    SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
    df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
    this.dateStamp = df.format(new Date(builder.day));
    this.url = new StringBuilder("jdbc:mysql://")
        .append(builder.host).append(":").append(builder.port)
        .append("/").append(builder.db)
        .append("?autoReconnect=true")
        .append("&useSSL=").append(builder.useSsl).toString();
    this.user = builder.user;
    this.password = builder.password;
    this.conf = new SparkConf(true)
        .setMaster(builder.sparkMaster)
        .setAppName(getClass().getName());
    if (builder.jars != null) conf.setJars(builder.jars);
    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : builder.sparkProperties.entrySet()) {
      conf.set(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
    }
    this.logInitializer = builder.logInitializer;
  }
  void saveToMySQL(List<DependencyLink> links) {
    try (Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password)) {
      PreparedStatement replace = con.prepareStatement(
              "REPLACE INTO zipkin_dependencies (day, parent, child, call_count, error_count) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)");
      for (DependencyLink link : links) {
        replace.setDate(1, new java.sql.Date(day));
        replace.setString(2, link.parent());
        replace.setString(3, link.child());
        replace.setLong(4, link.callCount());
        replace.setLong(5, link.errorCount());
        replace.executeUpdate();
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Could not save links " + links, e);
    }
  }

然并卵，看完之后，没看出明显问题。难道还是我自己的mysql配置问题？还是启动部分的参数问题？代码部分也是有些疑惑,password和root为什么没放进url里，难道是为了安全考虑么？

 this.url = new StringBuilder("jdbc:mysql://")
        .append(builder.host).append(":").append(builder.port)
        .append("/").append(builder.db)
        .append("?autoReconnect=true")
        .append("&useSSL=").append(builder.useSsl).toString();
    this.user = builder.user;
    this.password = builder.password;

文中还提到 Current charset is UTF-8. If password has been set using other charset, consider using option 'passwordCharacterEncoding'，编码格式是否有不同呢？
查看mysql数据库及表编码格式

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_database';
+------------------------+---------+
| Variable_name          | Value   |
+------------------------+---------+
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
+------------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

参考链接

https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/CONJ-480
https://samebug.io/exceptions/2980875/java.sql.SQLInvalidAuthorizationSpecException/could-not-connect-access-denied-for-user
将请求参数作为UTF-8编码的字符串传递[重复]
zipkin
zipkin集成到node，C#
微服务之分布式跟踪系统（springboot+zipkin+mysql）
第二十九章 springboot + zipkin + mysql
Linux下的Mysql用命令执行sql文件
修改MySQL管理员密码
zipkin-server

总结

由于启动zipkin-dependencies链接mysql报Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)错误，本次持久化之路最终失败。但由于我直接使用【mysql -u 用户 -p】是能登录成功的，所以我猜测了以下原因：

• 客户端自己的bug,和我服务器mysql版本不兼容？
• 编码问题，编码两者不符？
• 用户名和密码没有共享全局，只对一个数据库有效？

别人的博文是面向教学成功编程，我的是面向失败编程，也别有一番趣味。留下疑问，待日后解决调。虽然失败了，但我又收集了一堆链接，增添了mysql一些故障解决的认识。