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错误信息：
2018-07-27 00:48:23,616 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0
2018-07-27 00:48:23,627 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at bigdata/192.168.240.129
************************************************************/
[root@bigdata ~]# /opt/hadoop-3.0.2/sbin/start-all.sh
Starting namenodes on [bigdata]
ERROR: Attempting to operate on hdfs namenode as root
ERROR: but there is no HDFS_NAMENODE_USER defined. Aborting operation.
Starting datanodes
ERROR: Attempting to operate on hdfs datanode as root
ERROR: but there is no HDFS_DATANODE_USER defined. Aborting operation.
Starting secondary namenodes [bigdata]
ERROR: Attempting to operate on hdfs secondarynamenode as root
ERROR: but there is no HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER defined. Aborting operation.
2018-07-27 00:50:24,338 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Starting resourcemanager
ERROR: Attempting to operate on yarn resourcemanager as root
ERROR: but there is no YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER defined. Aborting operation.
Starting nodemanagers
ERROR: Attempting to operate on yarn nodemanager as root
ERROR: but there is no YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER defined. Aborting operation.
[root@bigdata ~]# cd /opt/hadoop-3.0.2/etc/hadoop/
[root@bigdata hadoop]# ll
解决方案：
1、master，slave都需要修改start-dfs.sh，stop-dfs.sh，start-yarn.sh，stop-yarn.sh四个文件
2、如果你的Hadoop是另外启用其它用户来启动，记得将root改为对应用户
在/hadoop/sbin路径下：
将start-dfs.sh，stop-dfs.sh两个文件顶部添加以下参数
#!/usr/bin/env bash
HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER=hdfs
HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=root
还有，start-yarn.sh，stop-yarn.sh顶部也需添加以下：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=root
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER=yarn
YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=root
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
修改后重启 ./start-dfs.sh，成功！
