重量
千克(kilogram,kg.),公吨(metric ton,m/t),长吨(long ton ,l/t),短吨(short ton,s/t),盎司(ounce,oz.)
一般天然产品、部分工业制成品,如羊毛、棉花、谷物、矿产品等
容积
蒲式耳(bushel,bu.),公升(liter,l.),加仑(gallon,gal.)
谷物类以及部分流体、气体物品,如小麦、玉米、汽油、天然瓦斯等
个数
只(piece,pc.),件(package,pkg.),双(pair),套(set),打(dozen,doz.),卷(roll或coil),罗(gross,gr.),辆(unit),头(head),袋(bag),箱(case),包(bale)
一般日用工业制品以及杂货类商品,如文具、纸张、玩具、成衣、车辆、活牲畜等
长度
码(yard,yd.),米(meter,m.),英尺(foot,ft.),厘米(centimeter,cm.)
纺织品、绳索、电线电缆等
面积
平方米(square meter,m2),平方码(square yard,yd2),平方英尺(square foot,ft2),平方英寸(square inch)
皮制商品、塑料商品等,如塑料篷布、塑料地板、皮革等
体积
立方米(cubic meter,m3),立方码(cubic yard,yd3),立方英尺(cubic foot,ft3),立方英寸(cubic inch)
化学气体、木材等
1. weight 重量
2. metric ton 公吨
3. long ton 长吨
4. short ton 短吨
5. kilogram, kilo, kg 公斤
6. pound, lb 磅
7. ounce, oz 盎司
8. number 个数
9. piece 件
10. pair 双
11 dozen 打
12. ream 令
13. set 套
14. length 长度
15. area 面积
16. volume 体积
17. cubic meter 立方米
18. capacity 容积
19. litre 升
20. gallon 加仑
21. bushel 蒲式耳
22. metric system 公制
23. british system 英制
24. U.S.System 美制
25. gross weight 毛重
26. net weight 净重
27. shipping weight 装运重量
28. landed weight 卸货重量
29. theoretical weight 理论重量
a drop of water 一滴水
a flood of moonlight 一片月光
a flood of light 一大片强光
a flood of people人潮如涌
a flood of words口若悬河
a flood of tears泪如泉涌
a wisp of smoke 一缕烟/一股烟
a wisp of a smile 一丝微笑
a pane of glass 一块玻璃
a layer of rock 一层岩石
a cloud of smoke 一团烟雾
a beam of light 一束光线
a blade of grass 一片草叶
a block of wood 一块木头
a cube of sugar 一块方糖
a roll of newspaper 一卷报纸
a cone of icecream 一个蛋卷冰淇淋 a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力 a stack of hay 一堆乾草 a loaf of bread 一个面包 a grain of rice 一粒米 a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a dash of salt 一撮盐 a coil of wire 一卷电线 a roll of tobacco一卷烟草 a roll of bread 一块面包 a ball of wool 一个毛线球 a glimmer of hope 一线希望 a thread of hope一线希望 a thread of smoke一缕青烟 A piece of such cord一根细丝 a thread of water细细的一条流水
a mouthful of sweet country air一口新鲜的乡村空气 a handful of corn 一把玉米 a handful of people 少数几个人
a group of people [trees, houses]一群人[一片树林, 一片房子]
an army of elephants 一群大象 a pack / throng of wolves 一群狼 a batch of dogs 一群狗 a brood of chicks 一群小鸡 a hive of bees 一群蜜蜂 a host of monkeys 一群猴子 a school of fish 一群鱼
a swarm of locusts 一群蝗虫 a team / field of horses一群马 a gang of elks 一群驼鹿
a burst of laughter 一阵笑声 a gust of wind 一股风 a web of railroad 铁路网
a train of thoughts 一连串的想法 a nice cup of tea 一杯好茶 a thin coat of ice 一层薄冰
a stagnant pool of water 一潭死水
a beautiful stretch of field 一片美丽的原野 a pair of glasses 一副眼镜
a pair of scissors 一把剪刀 a pair of pliers一把钳子
a pair of spectacles 一副眼镜 a pair of trousers 一条裤子 a pair of shoes一双鞋 a pair of pant 一条裤子 a pair of dancers一对舞伴 a pair of stairs一段楼梯 a pair of pliers 一把剪钳 a piece of paper 一张纸
a piece of information 一条消息 an article of clothes 一件衣物 a cup of water 一杯水
a packet of cigarettes 一盒香烟
a basket of vegetables 一篮子蔬菜
在英语里其实没有量词这一词类,在汉语里所说的"一头牛"、"一匹马"、"一只笔"、"一本书",在英语里并没有区别:"a cow"、"a horse"、"a pen"、"a book",都是冠词后面加上可数名词。
在汉语里有许多简单的物品,在英语里则需要成双成对的表达:
a pair of glasses(一副眼镜)
a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)
a pair of spectacles(一副眼镜)
a pair of trousers(一条裤子)
a pair of pants(一条裤子)
a pair of pliers(一把剪钳)
英语的... of ...结构既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,如:
a piece of paper(一张纸)
a piece of information(一条消息)
an article of clothes(一件衣物)
汉语里的表示度量衡量的量词在英语里可以找到相应的表达结构,即... of ...。比如:
a cup of water(一杯水)
a packet of cigarettes(一盒香烟)
a basket of vegetables(一篮子蔬菜)
最有意思的就是英语关于各种动物群体的称呼了,各不相同。如:
an army of elephants(一群大象)
a pack / throng of wolves(一群狼)
a batch of dogs(一群狗)
a brood of chicks(一群小鸡)
a hive of bees(一群蜜蜂)
a host of monkeys(一群猴子)
a school of fish(一群鱼)
a swarm of locusts(一群蝗虫)
a team / field of horses(一群马)
a gang of elks(一群驼鹿)
我们前面讲了英语中量词与汉语中的量词有很多是对应不上的。不过汉语中许多形象量词,在英语里是能够找到对应的,如:
a head of garlic(一头蒜);
a drop of water(一滴水);
a flood of moonlight(一片月光);
a wisp of smoke(一缕烟);
a pane of glass(一块玻璃);
a layer of rock(一层岩石);
a cloud of smoke(一团烟雾);
a beam of light(一束光线);
a blade of grass(一片草叶);
a block of wood(一块木头);
a cube of sugar(一块方糖);
a roll of newspaper(一卷报纸);
a cone of icecream(一个蛋卷冰淇淋);
a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力);
a stack of hay(一堆乾草);
a loaf of bread(一个面包);
a grain of rice(一粒米);
a cake of soap(一块肥皂);
a dash of salt(一撮盐);
a coil of wire(一卷电线);
a ball of wool(一个毛线球)。
许多形象量词,不仅说明了数量,还有动态和修辞的含意,比如:
a glimmer of hope(一线希望);
a burst of laughter(一阵笑声);
a gust of wind(一阵风);
a web of railroad(铁路网);
a train of thoughts(一连串的想法)等等。
英语和汉语关于表示数量的词的用法还有一点不同。
汉语说"一杯好茶",在英语里则成了"一好杯茶:a nice cup of tea"。类似的例子还有:
a thin coat of ice(一层薄冰);
a stagnant pool of water(一潭死水);
a beautiful stretch of field(一片美丽的原野)等等。
在英语中,有很多量词词组,例如:a group of,a flock of, a bunch of,a bundle of等等.本文对量词词组粗略地归纳了以下的特点,具体表现为:
特点一:英语量词词组所表示的数或量,大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。
1.表示定量的量词词组,譬如:
a couple of(两个、一对)—a couple of days,a couple of players,a couple of times
a cupful of(一满杯)—a cupful of jelly,a cupful of water
a portion of(一份/客)—a portion of duck,a portion of roast beef
2.表示不定量的量词词组,譬如:
a majority of(大多数/大半)—a majority of opinions,a majority of votes
an atom of(一点)—an atom of food,an atom of truth
a spell of(一阵/一段时间)—a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing
3.表示大量的量词词组,譬如:
a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(泪如泉涌)
a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(许多顾客)
a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困难重重)
4.表示少量的量词词组,譬如:
a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度),a drop of dew(一点露水)
a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情),a particle of dust(一点灰尘)
a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),a shadow of freedom(一点自由)
特点二:有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。
1.修饰不可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a bit of—a bit of English(一点英语),a bit of good advice(一些好意见),a bit of interest(一点兴趣)
a shred of—a shred of evidence(一点证据),a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一点声誉)
a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一块玻璃),a sheet of water(一片汪洋)
2.修饰可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群观众),a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星)
a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),a string of excuses(一连串借口)
a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鹅),a scram of children(一群孩子)
3.修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of cold air(一股冷空气),a body of facts(许多事实)
a block of—a block of ice(一大块冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子)
a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)
特点三:有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。
1.搭配固定的量词词组,譬如:
a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油)
a basket of—a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),a basket of apples(一篮苹果)
a line of—a line of trees(一行树),a line of poetry(一行诗)
2.搭配较灵活的量词词组,譬如:
a piece of—a piece of paper(一张纸),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一台设备)
a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),a round of toast(一片烤面包)
a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bar of soap(一条肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)
我们都知道汉语有大量的量词,其实英语也有不少量词,区别在于:(1)英语中的量词不是一个单独的词类而是名词下的一个小类;(2)英语中的量词不能用来表示单数可数名词的量;(3)英语中的量词通常被称为单位词或其他一些名称. 由于上述原因,英语中的量词没有受到足够多的重视,学生往往只知道很少几个量词,而且还经常因为不能确定它们的搭配而烦恼.为了方便同学们学习和使用,我们把英语中的量词分为以下几个类别并列举了一些常见的量词及搭配: 1. 一般性的表示个数的量词:
这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article 等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其他词的地方一般都可使用piece 代替之.比如:
piece a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc. 一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等 bit a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc. 一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等
item an item of news/crime/program/business, etc. 一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等
article an article of export/ furniture/ clothing/ luggage, etc. 一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等 2. 以形状表示个数的量词:
bar a bar of chocolate/candy 一块巧克力/一块糖
bunch a bunch of flowers/grapes/ keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙 cake a cake of soap/ice一块肥皂/一块冰
cluster a cluster of stars/flowers/animals一群星/一束花/一群动物 comb a comb of bananas 一串香蕉
drop a drop of rain/ blood 一滴雨/一滴血 ear an ear of corn/wheat一棒玉米/一穗麦子
flight a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀 flock a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩 head a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊 lump a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土 spiral a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香
slice a slice of meat/bread/beef一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉 swarm a swarm of bees一群蜜蜂
bevy a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士 gathering a gathering of friends一帮朋友 clump a clump of trees一丛树林
pack a pack of rascals/wolves一群流氓/一群狼 3. 表示容积的词:
bottle a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒 bowl a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥 pail a pail of water 一桶水 glass a glass of beer 一杯啤酒 cup a cup of tea 一杯茶
handful a handful of soil 一抔土 spoonful a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油 mouthful a mouthful of snow 一口雪 truckload a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材 a packet of cigarette一包烟 4. 表示行为动态的量词: fit a fit of laughter 一阵笑声
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peal a peal of thunder 一阵雷声 flash a flash of light 一道闪电 display a display of force 一番武力展示
提供一些英语中"量词"词组
在英语中,有很多量词词组,例如:a group of,a flock of, a bunch of,a bundle of等等。为了方便广大英语学习者更好地掌握,本文对量词词组粗略地归纳了以下的特点,具体表现为:
特点一:英语量词词组所表示的数或量,大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。
1.表示定量的量词词组,譬如: a couple of(两个、一对)—a couple of days,a couple of players,a couple of times
a cupful of(一满杯)—a cupful of jelly,a cupful of water
a portion of(一份/客)—a portion of duck,a portion of roast beef 2.表示不定量的量词词组,譬如: a majority of(大多数/大半)—a majority of opinions,a majority of votes an atom of(一点)—an atom of food,an atom of truth a spell of(一阵/一段时间)—a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing 3.表示大量的量词词组,譬如:
a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(泪如泉涌) a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(许多顾客) a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困难重重)
4.表示少量的量词词组,譬如:
a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度),a drop of dew(一点露水) a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情),a particle of dust(一点灰尘)
a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),a shadow of freedom(一点自由)
特点二:有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。
1.修饰不可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a bit of—a bit of English(一点英语),a bit of good advice(一些好意见),a bit of interest(一点兴趣)
a shred of—a shred of evidence(一点证据),a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一点声誉)
a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一块玻璃),a sheet of water(一片汪洋) 2.修饰可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群观众),a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星)
a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),a string of excuses(一连串借口)
a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鹅),a scram of children(一群孩子) 3.修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of cold air(一股冷空气),a body of facts(许多事实)
a block of—a block of ice(一大块冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子)
a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)
特点三:有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。 1.搭配固定的量词词组,譬如:
a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油)
a basket of—a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),a basket of apples(一篮苹果)
a line of—a line of trees(一行树),a line of poetry(一行诗) 2.搭配较灵活的量词词组,譬如: a piece of—a piece of paper(一张纸),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一台设备)
a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),a round of toast(一片烤面包)
a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bar of soap(一条肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)