在1.6版本之前spark采用静态内存管理器StaticMemoryManager进行内存管理，而在之后spark采用统一内存管理器UnifiedMemoryManager进行内存管理，可以对内存进行动态管理，提高了内存的利用率。

1、spark内存模型

object UnifiedMemoryManager {

  // Set aside a fixed amount of memory for non-storage, non-execution purposes.
  // This serves a function similar to `spark.memory.fraction`, but guarantees that we reserve
  // sufficient memory for the system even for small heaps. E.g. if we have a 1GB JVM, then
  // the memory used for execution and storage will be (1024 - 300) * 0.6 = 434MB by default.
  private val RESERVED_SYSTEM_MEMORY_BYTES = 300 * 1024 * 1024

  def apply(conf: SparkConf, numCores: Int): UnifiedMemoryManager = {
    val maxMemory = getMaxMemory(conf)
    new UnifiedMemoryManager(
      conf,
      maxHeapMemory = maxMemory,
      onHeapStorageRegionSize =
        (maxMemory * conf.getDouble("spark.memory.storageFraction", 0.5)).toLong,
      numCores = numCores)
  }

  /**
   * Return the total amount of memory shared between execution and storage, in bytes.
   */
  private def getMaxMemory(conf: SparkConf): Long = {
    val systemMemory = conf.getLong("spark.testing.memory", Runtime.getRuntime.maxMemory)
    val reservedMemory = conf.getLong("spark.testing.reservedMemory",
      if (conf.contains("spark.testing")) 0 else RESERVED_SYSTEM_MEMORY_BYTES)
    val minSystemMemory = (reservedMemory * 1.5).ceil.toLong
    if (systemMemory < minSystemMemory) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"System memory $systemMemory must " +
        s"be at least $minSystemMemory. Please increase heap size using the --driver-memory " +
        s"option or spark.driver.memory in Spark configuration.")
    }
    // SPARK-12759 Check executor memory to fail fast if memory is insufficient
    if (conf.contains("spark.executor.memory")) {
      val executorMemory = conf.getSizeAsBytes("spark.executor.memory")
      if (executorMemory < minSystemMemory) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Executor memory $executorMemory must be at least " +
          s"$minSystemMemory. Please increase executor memory using the " +
          s"--executor-memory option or spark.executor.memory in Spark configuration.")
      }
    }
    val usableMemory = systemMemory - reservedMemory
    val memoryFraction = conf.getDouble("spark.memory.fraction", 0.6)
    (usableMemory * memoryFraction).toLong
  }
}

spark堆内内存可以分为预留内存及可用内存两部分，其中预留内存为300M，可用内存分为两部分，一部分为用户内存，主要用于存储RDD转换操作所需要的数据，另一部分内存（可用内存spark.memory.fraction）分为exexution内存及storage内存（可用内存spark.memory.fractionspark.memory.storageFraction）。在spark2.4版本中，spark.memory.fraction及spark.memory.storageFraction默认值分别为0.6及0.5。举个例子，executor-memory设置为2g时，storage内存及execution内存一共为(2048-300)0.6=1048.8M

捕获.PNG

spark内存模型

2、storage/execution动态占用机制

 * Storage can borrow as much execution memory as is free until execution reclaims its space.
 * When this happens, cached blocks will be evicted from memory until sufficient borrowed
 * memory is released to satisfy the execution memory request.
 *
 * Similarly, execution can borrow as much storage memory as is free. However, execution
 * memory is *never* evicted by storage due to the complexities involved in implementing this.
 * The implication is that attempts to cache blocks may fail if execution has already eaten
 * up most of the storage space, in which case the new blocks will be evicted immediately
 * according to their respective storage levels.

上面为spark源码中unifiedMemoryManager中的注释，大致意思当storage内存不足且execution有多余内存时，storage可以借用execution的内存，execution内存不足时会强制收回被storage占用的内存；同理，execution内存不足时也可以借用storage的内存，但是storage不会强制收回被execution占用的内存。