文章转载自 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37040886/article/details/107298679 ，做个记录
文章目录
- Linux下安装mysql8.0.20
- 安装前准备
- 安装
- 1. 下载、上传、解压安装包
- 2. 将解压的文件移动到/usr/local下，并重命名为mysql
- 3. 进入/usr/local/mysql目录下，创建data文件夹，并授权
- 4. 初始化数据库，并会自动生成随机密码，记下等下登陆要用
- 5. cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
- 6. 配置my.cnf
- 7. 开机自启，进入/usr/local/mysql/support-files进行设置
- 8. 注册服务并检测
- 9. etc/ld.so.conf要配置路径，不然报错
- 10. 配置环境变量
- 11. 登陆，修改密码
- 12. 开启Navicat远程连接
- 13.navicat连接成功
- Mysql8.0.20 创建用户并授权
Linux下安装mysql8.0.20
安装前准备
1. 下载地址
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
2. 检测是否安装过mysql
# 检测是否安装过mysql
rpm -qa | grep mysql
# 删除命令
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
3. 查询所有Mysql对应的文件夹（删除）
whereis mysql
rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql
find / -name mysql
rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
在这里插入图片描述
4. 检查mysql用户组和用户是否存在，如果没有，则创建
cat /etc/group | grep mysql
cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
在这里插入图片描述
安装
1. 下载、上传、解压安装包
官网下载，xftp上传
# 解压
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
在这里插入图片描述
2. 将解压的文件移动到/usr/local下，并重命名为mysql
# 移动位置并重命名
mv /mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
在这里插入图片描述
3. 进入/usr/local/mysql目录下，创建data文件夹，并授权
cd /usr/local/mysql/
# 创建文件夹
mkdir data
# 给文件夹授权
chown -R root:root /usr/local/mysql
# 给文件夹授权
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/
在这里插入图片描述
4. 初始化数据库，并会自动生成随机密码，记下等下登陆要用
# 初始化数据库，mysql的bin目录下的mysqld命令
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
临时密码：root@localhost:后面的那串代码
在这里插入图片描述
补充说明：
此步可能会出错：
出现该问题首先检查该链接库文件有没有安装使用，命令进行核查。
并安装文件，安装完成之后重新初始化。
# 检测命令
rpm -qa|grep libaio
#
yum install libaio-devel.x86_64
#
yum -y install numactl
在这里插入图片描述
5. cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
复制过去，其实也就是空白页，一开始没有my-default.cnf这个文件，可以用touch my-default.cnf命令创建一个，并配置权限
chmod 777 ./my-default.cnf
在这里插入图片描述
6. 配置my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
port = 3306
#lower_case_table_names = 1
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
#lower_case_table_names = 1
max_allowed_packet=32M
default-authentication-plugin = mysql_native_password
#lower_case_file_system = on
#lower_case_table_names = 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators = ON
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
如果后期mysql运行报错，可以直接到log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log目录下直接查看错误日志
命令:cat /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
7. 开机自启，进入/usr/local/mysql/support-files进行设置
cd support-files/
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
在这里插入图片描述
8. 注册服务并检测
- 注册
chkconfig --add mysql
如果命令没有，在需要处理chkconfig
rpm -aq |grep chkconfig
export PATH=/sbin:$PATH
chkconfig
echo $PATH
PATH="$PATH":/sbin
echo $PATH
- 检测
chkconfig --list mysql
在这里插入图片描述
9. etc/ld.so.conf要配置路径，不然报错
vim /etc/ld.so.conf
# 添加如下内容:
/usr/local/mysql/lib
在这里插入图片描述
10. 配置环境变量
# 配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
# 添加如下内容：
# MYSQL ENVIRONMENT
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib
# 系统重新加载文件，记得一定要
source /etc/profile
在这里插入图片描述
11. 登陆，修改密码
密码：第4步初始化数据库随机生成得密码，输入密码不显示。
[root@VM_0_3_centos support-files]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@VM_0_3_centos support-files]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 82
Server version: 8.0.20
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'kid+1412';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
在这里插入图片描述
12. 开启Navicat远程连接
# 登录
[root@VM_0_3_centos support-files]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2582
Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
# 选择mysql数据库
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
# 查看用户信息
mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string | plugin |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | root | $A$005$=!..iRO=k:x_>qiFtXTYJmwgur/2pJH1mfk26FBL.1YZOC.YcBw8auuFFM0 | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 更新root信息
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
# 授权root用户可以远程登陆，失败
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
ERROR 1410 (42000): You are not allowed to create a user with GRANT
# 立即生效，重新授权
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
# 授权root用户可以远程登陆
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
# 立即生效
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#
mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'kid+1412';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
# 立即生效
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 退出
mysql> exit
Bye
13.navicat连接成功
在这里插入图片描述
出现远程连接不上的问题。 是因为防火墙设置的问题 。按如下设置即可。
在CentOS 7或RHEL 7或Fedora中防火墙由firewalld来管理
添加
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent （--permanent永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效）
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1000-2000/tcp --permanent
重新载入： firewall-cmd --reload
查看： firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=80/tcp
删除： firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=80/tcp --permanent
开启防火墙： systemctl start firewalld.service
关闭防火墙 ：systemctl stop firewalld.service
查看运行状态：firewall-cmd --state //running 表示运行
