一、ArrayList扩容机制
结论:无参构造创建的ArrayList的初始空间为0,在添加第一个元素的时候空间会默认为10,之后扩容会为当前容量的1.5倍。
0->10->15->22->33->
演示代码
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i <= 9; i++) {
list.add(i);
}
list.add(10);
list.add(11);
list.add(12);
}
第一次调试截图:此时ArrayList内未添加任何元素,默认为0;
第二次调试截图:当向ArrayList中添加第一个元素的时候,空间变为10。
第三次调试截图:
第四次调试截图:
具体为何会发生如此情况,我们一步步往下看。
【基于java version "1.8.0_291"版本】
1.ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
会调用无参构造器,新建一个ArrayList。将elementData设置为DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
/**
* Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
*/
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
通过源码,我们知道DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA是一个空的数组。
/**
* Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
* distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
* first element is added.
*/
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
2. list.add(1);
将1进行Integer包装
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
通过add类进行元素添加
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
通过ensureCapacityInternal方法来确保容量足够,此处的Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);就是确保第一次扩容空间为10
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
}
private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
return minCapacity;
}
ensureCapacityInternal方法会调用ensureExplicitCapacity方法来确保空间,modCount用来多线程的判断,此处不赘述
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity方法会调用grow方法,扩容1.5倍,就是在此发生的。 int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
/**
* Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
* number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
*
* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
二、Vector扩容机制
结论:无参构造默认空间为10,每次扩大一倍。
public class ArrayExercise {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector vector = new Vector();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
vector.add(i);
}
vector.add(10);
vector.add(11);
vector.add(12);
}
}
初始化会默认调用无参,再调用有参数构造器,空间默认10。
/**
* Constructs an empty vector so that its internal data array
* has size {@code 10} and its standard capacity increment is
* zero.
*/
public Vector() {
this(10);
}
扩容的主要操作在grow中的int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ?
capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);方法,capacityIncrement默认是0,所以等价newCapacity=oldCapacity+oldCapacity;
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this Vector.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this Vector
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
* @since 1.2
*/
public synchronized boolean add(E e) {
modCount++;
ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);
elementData[elementCount++] = e;
return true;
}
private void ensureCapacityHelper(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ?
capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
三、LinkedList 是一个双向链表,没有初始化大小,也没有扩容的机制,就是一直在前面或者后面新增就好。
本文主要的就看完了,相信你已经有一定的认识了,代码中具体的细节,就要看官自己去探究了。
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最后感谢您看到这,谢谢。
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