一:简介
二:基础环境安装
1.系统环境
os | Role | ip | Memory |
---|---|---|---|
Centos 7 | master01 | 192.168.25.30 | 4G |
Centos 7 | node01 | 192.168.25.31 | 4G |
Centos 7 | node02 | 192.168.25.31 | 4G |
2.关闭selinux
sed -i "s/SELINUX\=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
3.关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl stop firewalld
4.修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname Role_name
5.添加hosts解析
echo -e "192.168.25.30 master01\n192.168.25.31 node01\n192.168.25.32 node02" >> /etc/hosts
6.设置k8s内核参数
设置内核参数
cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
vm.swappiness=0
EOF
加载内核模块
modprobe br_netfilter
echo "modprobe br_netfilter" >> /etc/rc.local
使内核参数生效
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
7.关闭系统swap
swapoff -a
修改fstab文件,关闭swap的自动挂载。
8.修改防火墙策略
/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
echo "sleep 60 && /sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT" >> /etc/rc.local
9.安装依赖包
yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 net-tools conntrack-tools wget
10.时间同步
yum -y install ntpdate
/usr/sbin/ntpdate -u ntpserver1: ntp1.aliyun.com
/usr/sbin/ntpdate -u ntp1.aliyun.com
11.安装docker-ce软件
提示:master节点不需要安装
-
删除自带的docker
yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ docker-selinux \ docker-engine-selinux \ docker-engine
-
安装依赖包
yum install -y yum-utils \ device-mapper-persistent-data \ lvm2
-
安装yum源
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
-
安装docker-ce
yum -y install docker-ce
-
启动,并设置开机自启[安装设置好flanneld后,再启动docker]
systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
11.安装CFSSL
cfssl
export CFSSL_URL="https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2"
wget "${CFSSL_URL}/cfssl_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget "${CFSSL_URL}/cfssljson_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
三:创建CA证书和密钥
kubernetes系统各组件需要使用TLS证书对通信进行加密,本本档使用CloudFlare的工具集cfssl来生成Certificate Authority(CA)证书和密钥文件,CA是自签名的证书,用来签名后续创建的其他TLS证书。
以下操作都在master节点上执行,证书只需要创建一次即可,以后新增节点时,只需要将/etc/kubernetes/目录下的证书拷贝到新节点即可。
1.创建CA配置文件
mkdir /root/ssl
cd /root/ssl
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "8760h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "8760h"
}
}
}
}
EOF
- ca-config.json:可以定义多个profiles,分别指定不同的过期时间,使用场景等参数,后续在签名证书时会使用到某个profile;
- signing:表示该证书可用于签名其他证书;生成ca.pem证书中的CA=TRUE;
- server auto:表示client可以用该CA对server提供的证书进行验证;
- client auth:表示server可以用该CA对client提供的证书进行验证
2.创建CA证书签名请求
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
- "CN":Common Name,kube-apiserver从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户名(User name);浏览器检验该字段验证网站是否合法;
- “O”:Organization,kube-apiserver从证书提取该字段作为请求用户所属的组(Group);
3.生成CA证书和私钥
# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
2018/03/29 14:38:31 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
2018/03/29 14:38:31 [INFO] generate received request
2018/03/29 14:38:31 [INFO] received CSR
2018/03/29 14:38:31 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2018/03/29 14:38:31 [INFO] encoded CSR
2018/03/29 14:38:31 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 438768005817886692243142700194592359153651905696
4.创建kubernetes证书签名请求文件
cat > kubernetes-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.25.30",
"192.168.25.31",
"192.168.25.32",
"10.254.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
- hosts中的内容可以为空,即是按照上面的配置,向集群中增加新节点也不需要重新生成证书;如果hosts不为空,则需要指定授权使用该证书的IP或域名列表,由于该证书后续被etcd集群和kubernetes master集群使用,所以上面分别指定了etcd集群,kubernetes master集群的主机IP和kuberunetes服务ip。
5.生成kubernetes证书和私钥
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
2018/03/29 14:46:12 [INFO] generate received request
2018/03/29 14:46:12 [INFO] received CSR
2018/03/29 14:46:12 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2018/03/29 14:46:12 [INFO] encoded CSR
2018/03/29 14:46:12 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 6955479006214073693226115919937339031303355422
2018/03/29 14:46:12 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
# ls kubernetes*
kubernetes.csr kubernetes-csr.json kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem
6.创建admin证书签名请求文件
cat > admin-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
- kube-apiserver使用RBAC对客户端(如Kubelet,kube-proxy,Pod)请求进行授权。
- kube-apiserver预定义了一些RBAC使用的RoleBindings,如cluster-admin将Group System:masters与Role cluster-admin绑定,该Role授予kube-apiserver的所有API的权限;
- OU指定该证书的Group为system:masters,kubelet使用该证书访问kube-apiserver时,由于证书为CA签名,所以认证通过,同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的system:masters,所以被授予访问所有API的权限
7.生成admin证书和私钥
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
2018/03/29 14:57:01 [INFO] generate received request
2018/03/29 14:57:01 [INFO] received CSR
2018/03/29 14:57:01 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2018/03/29 14:57:02 [INFO] encoded CSR
2018/03/29 14:57:02 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 356467939883849041935828635530693821955945645537
2018/03/29 14:57:02 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements")
# ls admin*
admin.csr admin-csr.json admin-key.pem admin.pem
8.创建kube-proxy证书签名请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
- CN指定该证书的User为system:kube-proxy;
- kube-apiserver预定义的RoleBinding cluster-admin将User system:kube-proxy与Role System:node-proxies绑定,该Role授予了调用kube-apiserver Proxy相关API的权限;
9.生成kube-proxy客户端证书和私钥
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
2018/03/29 15:09:36 [INFO] generate received request
2018/03/29 15:09:36 [INFO] received CSR
2018/03/29 15:09:36 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2018/03/29 15:09:36 [INFO] encoded CSR
2018/03/29 15:09:36 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 225974417080991591210780916866547658424323006961
2018/03/29 15:09:36 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
# ls kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr kube-proxy-csr.json kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
10.证书分发
将生成的证书和密钥文件(后缀为pem)拷贝到所有机器的/etc/kubernetes/ssl目录下
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
cp *.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
ssh node01 "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl"
scp *.pem node01:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
ssh node02 "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl"
scp *.pem node02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
四:部署Etcd集群
在三个节点都需要安装etcd,下面的操作在每台机器上操作一遍。
1.下载etcd安装包并生成命令
wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.2.12/etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin
# 生成以下两条命令
# etcd
etcd etcdctl
2.创建工作目录
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd
3.创建系统服务文件
master01
cat > etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \\
--name master01 \\
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \\
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \\
--peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.25.30:2380 \\
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.25.30:2380 \\
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.25.30:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.25.30:2379 \\
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \\
--initial-cluster master01=https://192.168.25.30:2380,node01=https://192.168.25.31:2380,node02=https://192.168.25.32:2380 \\
--initial-cluster-state new \\
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
node01
cat > etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \\
--name node01 \\
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \\
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \\
--peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.25.31:2380 \\
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.25.31:2380 \\
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.25.31:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.25.31:2379 \\
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \\
--initial-cluster master01=https://192.168.25.30:2380,node01=https://192.168.25.31:2380,node02=https://192.168.25.32:2380 \\
--initial-cluster-state new \\
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
node02
cat > etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \\
--name node02 \\
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \\
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \\
--peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.25.32:2380 \\
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.25.32:2380 \\
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.25.32:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.25.32:2379 \\
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \\
--initial-cluster master01=https://192.168.25.30:2380,node01=https://192.168.25.31:2380,node02=https://192.168.25.32:2380 \\
--initial-cluster-state new \\
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- 指定etcd的工作目录为/var/lib/etcd,数据目录为/var/lib/etcd,需在启动服务前创建这个目录,否则启动服务的时候会报错“Failed at step CHDIR spawning /usr/bin/etcd: No such file or directory”;
- 为了保证通信安全,需要指定etcd的公私钥(cert-file和key-file),Peers通信的公私钥和CA 证书(peer-cert-file、peer-key-file、peer-trusted-ca-file)、客户端的CA证书(trusted-ca-file);
- 创建kubernetes.pem证书时使用的kubernestes-csr.json文件的hosts字段包含所有的etcd节点的IP,否则证书校验会出错;
- --initial-cluster-state值为new时,-name的参数值必须位于-initial-cluster列表中;
4.启动etcd服务
cp etcd.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd
systemctl status etcd
5.验证etcd服务
# etcdctl \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
cluster-health
member 2ea4d6efe7f32da is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.25.32:2379
member 5246473f59267039 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.25.31:2379
member be723b813b44392b is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.25.30:2379
cluster is healthy
五:部署Flannel
在node节点上都需要部署安装
1.下载安装Flannel
wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.9.1/flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir flannel
tar -xzvf flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C flannel
cp flannel/{flanneld,mk-docker-opts.sh} /usr/local/bin
2.向etcd中写入网段信息,只需要在一台执行即可
etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.25.30:2379,https://192.168.25.31:2379,https://192.168.25.32:2379 \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
mkdir /kubernetes/network
etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.25.30:2379,https://192.168.25.31:2379,https://192.168.25.32:2379 \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
mk /kubernetes/network/config '{"Network":"172.30.0.0/16","SubnetLen":24,"Backend":{"Type":"vxlan"}}'
3.创建服务启动文件
cat > flanneld.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/flanneld \\
-etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
-etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \\
-etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \\
-etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.25.30:2379,https://192.168.25.31:2379,https://192.168.25.32:2379 \\
-etcd-prefix=/kubernetes/network
ExecStartPost=/usr/local/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
RequiredBy=docker.service
EOF
- mk-docker-opts.sh:将分配给flanneld的pod子网网段信息写入到/run/flannel/docker文件中,后续docker启动时使用这个文件中参数值设置docker0网桥
- flanneld使用系统缺省路由所在的接口和其他节点通信,对于有多个网络接口的机器(如内网和公网),可使用-iface=enpxx选项值指定通信接口;
4.启动Flanneld服务
mv flanneld.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl status flanneld
5.检查flanneld服务状态
# /usr/local/bin/etcdctl \
--endpoints=https://192.168.25.30:2379,https://192.168.25.31:2379,https://192.168.25.32:2379 \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
ls /kubernetes/network/subnets
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.30.82.0-24
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.30.1.0-24
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.30.73.0-24
6.配置docker使用flanneld网络
/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
# 修改
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
# 新增
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/docker
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
# restart the docker process if it exits prematurely
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
- flanneld 启动时将网络配置写入到 /run/flannel/docker 文件中的变量 DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS,dockerd 命令行上指定该变量值来设置 docker0 网桥参数;
- 如果指定了多个 EnvironmentFile 选项,则必须将 /run/flannel/docker 放在最后(确保 docker0 使用 flanneld 生成的 bip 参数);
- 不能关闭默认开启的 –iptables 和 –ip-masq 选项;
- 如果内核版本比较新,建议使用 overlay 存储驱动;
- –exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd参数可以指定为”cgroupfs”或者“systemd”
7.启动docker
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
六:部署kubectl工具
kubectl是kubernetes的集群管理工具,任何节点通过kubetcl都可以管理整个k8s集群。本文档部署在master01这个节点,部署成功后会生成/root/.kube/config文件,kubectl就是通过这个获取kube-apiserver地址,证书,用户名等信息。
1.下载安装包
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.8.6/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo cp kubernetes/client/bin/kube* /usr/local/bin/
chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/kube*
export PATH=/root/local/bin:$PATH
2.创建/root/.kube/config文件
# 设置集群参数,--server指定Master节点ip
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.25.30:6443
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin-key.pem
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=admin
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context kubernetes
- admin.pem:证书O字段值为system:masters,kube-apiserver预定义的RoleBinding cluster-admin将Group system:master与Role cluster-admin绑定,该Role 授予了调用Kube-apiserver相关的API权限
3.创建bootstartp.kubeconfig文件
#生成token 变量
export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
cat > token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
mv token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
# 设置集群参数--server为master节点ip
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.25.30:6443 \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
mv bootstrap.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
4.创建kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置集群参数 --server参数为master ip
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.25.30:6443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
mv kube-proxy.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
- 设置集群参数和客户端认证参数,--embed-certs都为true,这会将certificate-authority,client-cretificate和client-key指向的证书文件内容写入到生成的kube-proxy.kebuconfig文件中;
- kube-proxy.pem证书中CN为system:kube-proxy,kube-apiserver预定义的RoleBinding cluster-admin将User system:kube-proxy与Role system:node-proxy绑定,该Role授予了调用kube-apiserver Proxy相关的api权限;
5.将生成的配置文件拷贝到其他的节点
scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig node01:/etc/kubernetes/
scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig node02:/etc/kubernetes/
scp /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig node01:/etc/kubernetes/
scp /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig node02:/etc/kubernetes/
七:部署master节点
1.下载安装文件
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.8.6/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp -r kubernetes/server/bin/{kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,kubectl,kube-proxy,kubelet} /usr/local/bin/
2.部署apiserver服务
配置kube-apiserver服务管理文件
cat > kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
After=etcd.service
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--advertise-address=192.168.25.30 \\
--bind-address=192.168.25.30 \\
--insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
--runtime-config=rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1alpha1 \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
--token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 \\
--service-node-port-range=8400-10000 \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.25.30:2379,https://192.168.25.31:2379,https://192.168.25.32:2379 \\
--enable-swagger-ui=true \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--apiserver-count=3 \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/var/lib/audit.log \\
--event-ttl=1h \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- --authorization-mode=RBAC 指定在安全端口使用RBAC模式,拒绝未通过授权的请求;
- kube-scheduler,kube-controller-manager一般和kube-apiserver部署在同一台机器上,他们使用非安全端口和kube-apiserver通信;
- kubelet,kube-proxy,kubectl部署在其他Node节点,如果通过安全端口访问kube-apiserver,则必须先通过TLS证书认证,再通过RBAC授权;
- kube-proxy,kubectl通过在使用的证书里指定相关的User,Group来达到通过RBAC授权的目的。
- Bootstartp:如果使用了kubelet TLS Bootstartp机制,则不能再指定 –kubelet-certificate-authority、–kubelet-client-certificate 和 –kubelet-client-key 选项,否则后续kube-apiserver校验kubelet证书时出现”x509: certificate signed by unknown authority“ 错误;
- --admission-control值必须包含ServiceAccount,否则部署集群插件时会失败;
- --bind-address不能为127.0.0.1;
- --runtime-config:配置rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1,表示运行时的apiVersion;
- service-cluster-ip-range:指定Service cluster ip段地址,该地址路由不可达;
- --service-node-port-range:指定NodePort的端口范围
确实情况下,kubernetes对像保存在etcd的/registry路径下,可以通过--etcd-prefix参数进行跳转
启动服务,并设置开启自启
cp kube-apiserver.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
3.部署manager服务
生成服务启动脚本
cat > kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--address=127.0.0.1 \\
--master=http://127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 \\
--cluster-cidr=172.30.0.0/16 \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- --address的值必须为127.0.0.1,应为当前kube-apiserver期望scheduler和conntroller-manaager在同一台机器上;
- --master=http://{master_ip}:8080:使用非安全的8080端口与kube-apiserver通信;
- --cluster-cidr指定Cluster中Pod的CIDR范围,该网段在各Node必须路由可达(flanneld保证)
- --service-cluster-ip-range参数指定Cluster中Service的CIDR范围,该网络在各Node间必须路由不可达,必须与kube-apiserver中的参数保持一致;
- --cluster-signing-*指定的证书和私钥文件用来签名TLS BootStrap创建的证书和私钥
- --root-ca-file用来对kube-apiserver证书进行校验,指定该参数后,才会在Pod容器的ServiceAccount中放置该CA证书文件
- --leader-elect=true部署多台master集群时选举产生一直处于工作状态的kube-controller-manager进程;
启动服务
cp kube-controller-manager.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manage
4.部署scheduler服务
配置kube-scheduler
cat > kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--address=127.0.0.1 \\
--master=http://127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- --address必须为127.0.0.1,应为当前kube-apiserver期望scheduler和contorller-manager在同一主机;
- master=http://{MASTER_IP}:8080:使用非安全 8080 端口与 kube-apiserver 通信;
- –leader-elect=true 部署多台机器组成的 master 集群时选举产生一处于工作状态的 kube-controller-manager 进程;
启动kube-scheduler
cp kube-scheduler.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
5.验证master节点
# kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
八:部署Node节点
1.部署kubelet服务
kubelet在启动时向kube-apiserver发送TLS bootstrapping请求,需要先将bootstrap token文件中的kubelet-bootstrap用户赋予system:node-bootstrapper角色,然后kubelet才有权限创建认证请求。
授权,在master上运行一次即可
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap
下载和安装kubelet和kube-proxy
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.8.6/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp -r kubernetes/server/bin/{kube-proxy,kubelet} /usr/local/bin/
创建kubelet工作目录
mkdir /var/lib/kubelet
配置kubelt
master01
cat > kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \\
--address=192.168.25.30 \\
--hostname-override=192.168.25.30 \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest \\
--experimental-bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--require-kubeconfig \\
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \\
--container-runtime=docker \\
--cluster-dns=10.254.0.2 \\
--cluster-domain=cluster.local \\
--hairpin-mode promiscuous-bridge \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--serialize-image-pulls=false \\
--register-node=true \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--cgroup-driver=cgroupfs \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
LimitNOFILE=65536
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- --address:本机IP,不能设置为127.0.0.1,否则后续Pods访问kubelet的API接口时会失败,因为 Pods 访问的 127.0.0.1 指向自己,而不是 kubelet;
- --hostname-overeide:本机IP;
- --cgroup-driver配置成cgroupfs(保持docker和kubelet中的cgroup driver配置一致即可);
- --experimental-bootstrap-kubeconfig指向bootstrap kubeconfig文件,kubelet使用该文件中的用户名和token向kube-apiserver发送TLS Bootstrapping请求;
- 管理员通过了CSR请求后,kubelet自动在--cert-dir目录创建证书和私钥文件(kubelet-client.crt和kubelet-client.key),然后写入--kubeconfig文件(自动创建)
- 建议在--kubeconfig配置文件中指定kube-apiserver地址,如果未指定--api-servers选项,则必须指定--require-kubeconfig选项后才从配置文件中读取kube-apiserver的地址,否则kubelet启动后会找不到kube-apiserver(日志中提示找不到API server),kubectl get nodes不会返回对应的Node信息;
- --cluster-dns指定kubedns的Service ip(可以先分配,后续创建kubedns服务时指定该IP),--cluster-domain指定域名后缀,这两个参数同时配置才会生效;
- --cluster-domain指定pod启动时/etc/resolve.conf文件中的search domain,起初我们将其配置成了 cluster.local.,这样在解析 service 的 DNS 名称时是正常的,可是在解析 headless service 中的 FQDN pod name 的时候却错误,因此我们将其修改为 cluster.local,去掉嘴后面的 ”点号“ 就可以解决该问题;
- --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig中指定的kubelet.kubeconfig文件在第一次启动kubelet之前并不存在,请看下文,当通过CSR请求后,会自动生成,如果你的节点节点上已经生成了~/.kube/config文件,你可以将该文件拷贝到该路径面,并命名为kubelet.kubeconfig文件,所有的节点可以共用同一个config文件,这样新添加节点时就不需要再创建CSR请求就能自动添加到kubernetes集群中,同样,在任意能够访问到kubernetes集群的主机上使用kubectl --kubeconfig命令操作集群,只要使用~/.kube/config文件就能通过权限认证,应为这个文件的认证信息为admin,对集群有所有权限。
启动kubelet服务
cp kubelet.service /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
2.执行TLS证书授权请求
kubelet首次启动时像kube-apiserver发送证书签名求情,必须通过授权后,才会添加到集群。
查询授权请求
# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-450A0zCMYrGxWozsNukv6vh2NdBspA-hr6Rsz-LA9ro 3m kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-5t_AUkaEhT98xX1g7zTpzaNzRB9rXh453i2Fu_yxvvs 3m kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-p9r9gusX2kTGpyYFPlkoaSGyatLQmtDmL8NBee2D_s8 3m kubelet-bootstrap Pending
同意授权请求
# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-450A0zCMYrGxWozsNukv6vh2NdBspA-hr6Rsz-LA9ro
certificatesigningrequest "node-csr-450A0zCMYrGxWozsNukv6vh2NdBspA-hr6Rsz-LA9ro" approved
# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-5t_AUkaEhT98xX1g7zTpzaNzRB9rXh453i2Fu_yxvvs
certificatesigningrequest "node-csr-5t_AUkaEhT98xX1g7zTpzaNzRB9rXh453i2Fu_yxvvs" approved
# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-p9r9gusX2kTGpyYFPlkoaSGyatLQmtDmL8NBee2D_s8
certificatesigningrequest "node-csr-p9r9gusX2kTGpyYFPlkoaSGyatLQmtDmL8NBee2D_s8" approved
查看所有集群节点
# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.25.30 Ready <none> 15m v1.8.6
192.168.25.31 Ready <none> 15m v1.8.6
192.168.25.32 Ready <none> 15m v1.8.6
3.部署kube-proxy服务
创建工作目录
mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy
配置kube-proxy服务
cat > kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \\
--bind-address=192.168.25.30 \\
--hostname-override=192.168.25.30 \\
--cluster-cidr=10.254.0.0/16 \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- --bind-address:本机ip
- --hostname-override:本机ip,必须需kubelet的值一致,否则kube-proxy启动后找不到node,从而影响任何iptables规则
- --cluster-cidr:必须与kube-apiserver的--service-cluster-ip-range选项值一致,kube-proxy根据--clister-cidr判断集群内部和外部流量,指定--cluster-cidr或--masquerade-all选项后kube-proxy才会对访问service ip的请求做SNAT;
- –kubeconfig 指定的配置文件嵌入了 kube-apiserver 的地址、用户名、证书、秘钥等请求和认证信息;
- 预定义的 RoleBinding cluster-admin 将User system:kube-proxy 与 Role system:node-proxier 绑定,该 Role 授予了调用 kube-apiserver Proxy 相关 API 的权限;
启动kube-proxy服务
cp kube-proxy.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
九:插件安装
由于默认镜像为谷歌镜像,所以是需要修改的,所以用docker hup做了跳转,修改好的yamk文件下载地址如下:
百度网盘(o3z9)
1.dns插件
wget https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases/download/v1.8.6/kubernetes.tar.gz
tar xzvf kubernetes.tar.gz
cd /root/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dns
mv kubedns-svc.yaml.sed kubedns-svc.yaml
#把文件中$DNS_SERVER_IP替换成10.254.0.2
sed -i 's/$DNS_SERVER_IP/10.254.0.2/g' ./kubedns-svc.yaml
mv ./kubedns-controller.yaml.sed ./kubedns-controller.yaml
#把$DNS_DOMAIN替换成cluster.local
sed -i 's/$DNS_DOMAIN/cluster.local/g' ./kubedns-controller.yaml
ls *.yaml
kubedns-cm.yaml kubedns-controller.yaml kubedns-sa.yaml kubedns-svc.yaml
kubectl create -f .
2.dashboard插件
下载部署文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.8.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
修改部署文件
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
# 新增
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
# 新增
nodePort: 8510
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
创建pod
kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
部署认证服务
cat > ./kubernetes-dashboard-admin.rbac.yaml << EOF
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
EOF
kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard-admin.rbac.yaml
访问地址,目前只能火狐访问
https://192.168.25.30:8510
3.heapster插件
下载安装文件
wget https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster/archive/v1.5.0.tar.gz
tar xzvf ./v1.5.0.tar.gz
cd ./heapster-1.5.0/
kubectl create -f deploy/kube-config/influxdb/
kubectl create -f deploy/kube-config/rbac/heapster-rbac.yaml123456
确认所有pod都正常启动
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
十:常用服务部署
1.nginx
部署文件:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/k8/nginx:1.9.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 80
restartPolicy: Always
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-service
spec:
type: NodePort
sessionAffinity: ClientIP
selector:
app: nginx
ports:
# 将容器的80端口映射到master主机的8888端口
- port: 80
nodePort: 8888
2.mysql
部署文件:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: mysql
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql
image: mysql
# 环境变量
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: "123456"
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
# 容器暴露端口
ports:
- containerPort: 3306
restartPolicy: Always
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mysql-service
spec:
type: NodePort
sessionAffinity: ClientIP
selector:
app: mysql
ports:
- port: 3306
nodePort: 9306
十一:常用命令
1.查看kubelet log
journalctl -u kubelet -f
- u:执行用户
- f:动态查看
2.查看pods信息
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
3.查看service信息
kubectl get service --all-namespaces
4.查看server详细信息
kubeclt describe service zksvc