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Social scientists use particular methods to gather qualitative evidence, from observation to interview, but they also use autobiographical accounts, journalism, and other documentary material to flesh out and add meaning to statistics. As with reading numbers, reading textual evidence requires us to practice, to set time aside to learn how to do it, and to understand the conventions of writing which operate in the different forms of writing we encounter. One of the main problems with reading textual evidence, though, is that, unlike the relationship most of us have with numbers where we may use them at a pretty basic level, most of us are, if anything, over-familiar with words. When we want to understand their value as social science evidence we need to forget how familiar we are with first person accounts and everyday speech - for example, in newspapers, magazines, and books - and learn a different approach to them.
Social scientists use observation, interviews and even print journalism as evidence for the claims they make. They may collect evidence through questionnaires with pre-set questions and by open-ended interviews which allow respondents to speak for themselves. They may observe social relations explicitly as social scientists or may participate themselves in a particular community to gain 'inside' information.
Social scientists also draw on print journalism on occasion and may use the same sources, for example official statistics, and the work of other social scientists to support their claims. We need to remember, though, that journalists do not need to present the same rigorous referencing and support for their claims as social scientists are required to do. Most importantly, newspaper and magazine articles are written under commercial pressures; for example they must help to sell the newspaper by being deliberately provocative, or by reflecting the dominant views of its readers.
deliberately 故意地;深思熟虑地;从容不迫地;
WFD 默写短句\760
When the roots of a plant failed, foliage suffers.
n.植物的叶子(总称),叶子及梗和枝;树叶
v.受痛苦( suffer的第三人称单数 );受损害;变糟;变差;
Neuroscience is a compound of completely separate parts.
n.神经系统科学(指神经病学、神经化学等);
Linguistics is the scientific study and analysis of language.
n.语言学;语言的,语言学的,语言研究的( linguistic的名词复数 );
Philosophy uses the logics and reasons to analyze human and experience.
n.哲学;哲学体系,哲学思想;生活信条;哲理;
Audition of the universitychoirwill be on hold on the next week.
n.听力;听觉;试听;试音;
n.教堂的唱诗班;唱诗队;公开表演的合唱团;(教堂)唱经楼;
Extracurricular activities can help students to develop more talents.
adj.学校课程以外的;课外;
Honey can be used as food and health product.
Students would develop something to their ability to think critically.
A good abstract highlights the key points of
your paper.
Aworld-renowned finance director will give a guest lecture.
An effective manager is always open to new ideas.
The history department is very active in research.
The two sides have disagreed on how to solve the problem.
The skills of great stage actors cannot be taught.
Art and design is a competitive field to work in.
Urban planning emphasizes on efficiency and the expanses of community.
These three separate resourcesare not enough for this assessment.
The rest of the material wasdeposited partway down thecatchment.
All of your assignments should besubmittedby next Tuesday.
The project is divided into four main intersections.
The orchestra will be led by a visiting conductor.
The history course is assessed via three written assignments.
The government isfundingresearch study on the consequences of unemployment.
The library will stay open until midnight this week.
Relying on natural ability will not get you far on science.
The policy aims to increase the investment in foreign currency.
Field trips are essential parts of most geography courses.
History of economics can be a tricky subject to research.
The department is doing research on biology.
A new collection of articles has just been published.
Physical health can be improved by regular training.
People have been independent by using phones in everyday life.
The English degree is a worthy degree of the third year.
Students require undergraduate biology degree to enroll in this course.
The department works closely with its partners in the business community.
The digital camera has some advantages over traditional film.
Critical thinking is one part of a broad education.
Babies can distinguish between what is the language and what is not.
The farmers need to adapt to the changes of the climate.
A visit of design museum is great valued.
Students must attend the safety course before entering the engineering
workshop.
Government department was doing some crucial
work on climate change.
TheEnglish degree involves certain placements in the third year.
You will need to read chapter one before the
management class.
There will be a chemistry test in the
classroom next week.
Audition of the university choir will be holdon the next week.
Information technology has changed the way we
study today.
Aciculate activity can help students to
develop more talent.
Professors with higher education standard
trained them extremely seriously.
Psychologists say what we have experienced influences our behaviors.
Please return the reference book to the correct position on the shelf.