一句话总结： New European rules represented by PSD2 to be implemented in 2018 shake up the banks and will push the development of fintech companies supposed that they ensure the security of data, while whether banks and fintech companies will cooperate or confront is the question.
vocabulary and phrase
1. predetermined:
decided or arranged before someting happens, so that it does not happen by chance.
predetermined amount
2. overdrawn:
if you are overdrawn, or if your bank account is overdrawn, you have spent more than you had in your account and so you own the bank money.
overdrawn by + amount
3. to date: up to now.
4. dire:
extremely serious or terrible
dire warning/prediction/forecast: a warn about something terrible that will happen in the future.
5. unscatched:
not injured or harmed by something
escape/emerge unscatched
6. conspiciously:
very easy to notice
be conspicious by your/its absence: used to say that someone or something is not somewhere they were expected to be.
7. mount:
to plan, organize, and begin an event or a course of action.
mount a campaign/challenge/search, etc.
8. physical:
relating to real objects that you can touch, see, or feel.
physical payments
9. incumbent:
It is incumbent upon/on somebody to do something(formal): It is incumbent upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it.
10. resilient:
strong and not easily damaged by being pulled, pressed, etc.
11. cumbersome:
a process or system that is cumbersome is slow and difficult.
heavy and difficult to move.
12. landscape
the political/social landscape: the general situation in which a particular activity takes place.
transform the landscape
13. kick-start:
to do something to help a process or activity start or develop more quickly.
kick-start competition/the economy
14. consent:
permission to do something
give an explicit consent
15. rock-bottom:
a rock-bottom price is as low as it can possibly be.
rock-bottom interest rates
16. handy:
easy to reach/use
come in handy 迟早有
handy and harman 得心应手
17. Retail Banking: 零售银行
also Consumer Banking, is the provision of services by abank to individual consumers, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks. Services offered include savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. The term is generally used to distinguish these banking services from investment banking, commercial banking or wholesale banking. It may also be used to refer to a division or department of a bank dealing with retail customers.
18. dump pipe:
also dumb network, refers to network that is used simply to transfer bytes between the customer's device and the Internet, while being comletely neutral with regard to the services and applications the consumer accesses.
19. legitimate:
fair or reasonable
20. Stress Testing: 压力测试
A simulation technique used on asset and liability portfolios (债务组合) to determine their reactions to different financial situation.
21. newcomer:
any new participant in some activity.
22. water down：
to make a statement, report etc less forceful by changing it or removing parts that may offend people-used to show disapproval.
23. on paper:
If something seems true on paper, it seems to be true as an idea, but may not be true in a real situation.
perfect on paper: 理论完美
24. bare their teeth:
to display an angry, violent, and/or threatening reaction to or against something or someone, as does a dog or wolf when threatened.
25. team up:
to join withvsomeone in order to work on something.
26. arm:
part of a large grouplthat is responsible for a particular activity.
Stander's British arm
27. invoice：发票
28. current accounts:活期存款账户
29. entrant:
someone who takes part in a competition.
30. exploit:
to try to get as much as you can out of a situation, sometimes unfair.
do the most of the lending
mount a challenge
conduct transactions
wave through a transaction
conduct a survey
block competition
神句神词组练习
Topic 2 Levelling the Paying Field
New/European payments regulation has the potential to shake up the banks.
欧洲新兴支付监管可能对银行业形成冲击。
新出台的欧洲支付法规
Shake up: to make changes to an organization in order to make it more effective.一般指带来重大变化。
European rules will open the door to a host of innovative services that analyze transactions.
欧洲新型规定将为许多交易【相关】的创新型服务打开大门。/将涌现出许多交易分析的创新型服务。
欧洲法规将给交易分析相关的创新服务带来更多机遇。
Open the door/way to something: to make an opportunity for something to happen. 不确定的一定要查！
Customers need barely ever interact with their bank.
顾客几乎不需与银行打交道【通过银行】。
如果这边一定把interact翻成与银行互动,就略显死板了。大家都习惯了互联网金融，那很多事情就不需要通过银行啦~
*双向思考：表达“不需要通过银行”的时候，想起interact with the bank
*4. European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
出人意料的是，欧洲零售银行在科技服务的干扰下一直独善其身。/欧洲零售银行出乎意料地未受科技服务冲击的干扰。
技术带来的变革对欧洲零售银行业产生的影响微乎其微。
欧洲零售银行业几乎并没有受到技术变革的影响。
核心信息remarkably unscathed几乎毫发无伤
Remarkably: 明显地
这里表示明显未受到损害——微乎其微？
前文尽管有不利的竟是，但是没受到影响。用“出乎意料地”不太连贯。
Disruption：比较普遍的译法是：颠覆。现在各行各业都在经历巨变
5. Fintech companies are beginning to mount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern Europe. But their reach（the influence of their challenge） is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
金融科技公司正【已经】开始发起挑战，对北欧线上支付产业的挑战最为显著。但是在欧洲其他区域活动范围就相对受限了。
尤其是在北欧线上支付领域。（自己第一次译时出现这种译法）但对欧洲其他地区的影响则要小得多
reach,用作名词时候和influence一个意思,用来表达影响的范围
E.g. Victory is now out of her reach. /The company has now overtaken IBM in terms of size and reach./Such matters are beyond the reach of the law.
6. Regulators, however, are about to transform the landscape.
而监管人员【部门】即将改变这一格局【现状】。
landscape原意是风景，景色，地貌，此处也是暗喻的用法，衍生为局面，局势。
E.g. Recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political landscape.最近的选举风波震动了欧洲政坛。
7. Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
银行牢牢把控各项付款是其获取收益的一条捷径。
牢牢把控支付领域使得银行轻而易举就能赚钱。
handy这一形容词值得重视，表示就在手边，方便容易，唾手可得，联想它的原形hand. E.g. Always keep a first-aid kit handy.跟前要常备急救箱/handy little tool好用小工具
8. Resistance is manifesed as a concern about data protection. Such concerns are legitimate but also, argue fintech supporters, offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.
反对是对数据保护表示担忧，这些顾忌虽合理，但金融科技公司的支持者称，这为银行阻止这场竞争提供了一条方便的的理由。
抗拒源自对数据保护的担忧，这是合情合理的。但互联网金融的支持者们认为，这也是银行抵制竞争的绝佳借口。
Block: 阻止及不进行——抵制
9. Yet for all their complaints, customers still trust banks with their money.
但是，虽然银行有种种抱怨，顾客还是愿意让银行代管钱财。
尽管客户怨声载道，但他们依然更信任把钱放在银行。（前后主语一致）
For all 表示尽管，虽然，等于despite
神词组:
become overdrawn: 透支
nudge them to save more 督促他们更加节省 鼓励他们增加储蓄
have easy access to: 很容易享有... 便于...
kick-start competition: 推动【引发】竞争
give explicit consent 明确表示同意
one-click bank transfer: 点击即银行转账 一件转账
low-value payments: 低额付款 小额支付
tighten up security: 严把安全 加强安全
guide them toward: 引导他们使用...
rich data: 大量数据 丰富的数据
leave them in a weaker position: 使他们处于不利地位/弱势
robust data-protection system: 健全【强大的】数据保护体系【系统】
insured against losses from fraud: 防诈骗损失险 投保以防欺诈造成的损失
perfect on paper: 理论上完美！ 暗示实际操作起来可能困难重重
team up with: 与...合作
exploit newcomers technology: 发掘/利用新兴公司（新剑建金融科技公司）技术
利用后来者的技术
