晨读每天都有记笔记😝 这里梳理一下12月和1月晨读以来,自己认为有意思和没有完全掌握的知识点。包括:39个语言点,13个语音点,以及一点小感悟。
(一)口语表达
1. 素食主义者:vegetarian/veggie(也可以是蔬菜的意思)/vegan(严格的)。无肉不欢的人:meat person/carnivore。
2. be doing的形式非常常用:
问吃什么:What are we having today? / What are you getting to eat?
问支付方法:How will you be paying?(将来进行时更委婉)
上课开场:Today we will be talking about…
绝不可能:It's not happening.
3. 预告片:preview/trailer。 上映:XX is out,XX is in theaters。疯狂追剧 binge-watch: I'm gonna binge-watch the last season.
4. 有没有什么猛料?Any juicy story/stuff?
5. 贵:价格猛涨 skyrocket。东西贵 expensive/pricy/costly/rip-off: $70 for a T-shirt! What a rip-off! 70 块钱买一件 T 恤衫!太不值了!
6. 开往哪里的火车/飞机...△ bound for XXX:a plane bound for Manhattan △ XXX bound train/ flight:Manhattan-bound flight
7. 迟到除了late还可以用 tardy (正式用语 )· to be tardy for school 上学迟到
8. handful是一把的意思。但另外还有个意思:难以控制的人/动物(单数名词!) △ Her children can be a real handful. 她的孩子有时候很难管教。
9. bag有动词,有“把...装进袋子,捕获”之意 :You're kidding. You went to the Catskills and you bagged yourself a doctor? (doctor,bike两个词也是可以作动词的)
10. 别搞笑了/可笑,太扯了 △ Don't be funny/preposterous (formal,TE中经常出现)
11. 怀孕:have a bun in the oven 大肚子,怀孕
12. 美国队长是Captain America,不是Captain American
13. 你别哪壶不开提哪壶! Just drop it!Would you please drop the subject?
14. whatnot(由于拿不准而不指名)某种东西,不可名状的东西,什么的
△ The women were there in their jeans and T-shirts and overalls and whatnot... 女人们穿着牛仔裤、T恤、工装裤等等这类衣服在那个地方。 I want to have some private time and whatnot. 我希望能有点私人空间什么的。
15. cushion 软垫,可以做动词 △ cushion the blow 减少打击 :She's just cushion the blow, the real answer is NO.
16. potato 拓展
ˈcouch potato 老泡在电视机前的人
hot potato 棘手的问题,烫手山芋
small 'potato 无足轻重的人/事物
meat and potatoes 最基本的部分,最必要的部分
17. boil down to 归结为... (your cognition):In the end, what it all boils down to is money, or the lack of it. 归根结底,问题的症结就是钱,或者说是“缺钱”。
18. 几点了 Do you have the time?(注意一定要有the,没有的话就变成“你有么有时间”了)/ (BrE) What time do you make it? / (NAmE) What time do you have?
19. tell 拓展
Tell me about it. 你说得对,的确。
Tell me another. 不见得吧,我不相信,别瞎扯。
tell tales about sth/ on sb 揭人短处,说长道短 (名词telltale就是小时候没事儿就给你“告诉老师”那种人啦哈哈)
20. 爽约 △ stand sb up △ didn't show up △ no-show n.--John Henry Williams was a no-show at last week's game in Milwaukee. / There were a lot of no-shows at the game.
21. 手机 mobile phone,固定电话 landline
22. card拓展
△ play cards right 发挥优势特长
If Rachel plays her cards right, she’ll be a great heiress and you will benefit to. (Crazy rich Asians)
△ play the XX card 打...牌,出...招
You're always playing the ‘I love you’ card.
You're playing the 'I don't have time' card again.
△ put/lay cards on the table 摊牌,和盘托出
23. 沐浴在阳光下 bask in the sunshine △ bask in sth 沉浸,沐浴(在赞美、关注中)--Think of all the Internet glory you could bask in! 你想想你能在网上得到多少人的爱戴!
24. smellf ishy闻起来有点儿腥,可以引申为:有点儿不对劲儿,有猫腻--There‘s something fishy going on here.
25. buzz拓展 喝醉四阶段→ tipsy微醺,buzzed有点儿晕,hammered大醉,drank烂醉。
26. trash 作动词拓展
① 损坏 Would they trash the place when the party was over? 聚会结束时他们会把这地方搞得一团糟吗?
② 贬损,说坏话 Let's trash each other. 来呀互相伤害呀!
③ 丢弃 If you don't want them, just trash them. 你不想要就扔掉好了。
27. furniture不可数的,没有furnitures,一件家具要说a piece of furniture。拓展: part of the furniture 存在已久,所以不为人注意的人(或事物)-- I worked here so long that I become part of the furniture. 我在这工作太久了,不会引人注意了。
28. the total/whole package 该有的样子都有,各方面都非常好。a good catch。△ He sounds like the whole package.他听起来很完美呀。△ It's smart, funny, beautiful, the whole package.它聪明、搞笑、又漂亮,简直完美呀!
29. 别吵了!stop fightting/ knock it off
30. all over拓展 ① all over the place/lot(美)/shop(英)=messy 杂乱无章 --Your hair is all over the place. 你头发乱糟糟的。--联想到bad hair day 倒霉的一天 。② be all over sb 向某人献殷勤
31. to hospital(英)和to the hospital(美)
32. 累了
33. 领子:turtleneck/polo neck高领,crew neck 圆领/水手领,V neck V领。
34. zip拓展 ① zip up拉上--This jacket zips up right to the neck. ② zip it 闭嘴--Whoever she is, tell her to zip it.不管她是谁,让她把嘴闭上。③ zip还有快速移动的意思--A sports car zipped past us.
35. though 用于句末,减弱语气。That's a good one, though. She’s a knockout, though.(knockout,武术比赛里面常常听到的KO就是这个词啦。还有“引人注目的人”的意思。knockout product 拳头产品)
36. legit 有合理的之意 --That's legit/reasonable.
37. 怎么形容job?
menial job 报酬低又枯燥的工作
decent job 体面的工作
demanding job 艰苦且要求高的动作
rewarding job 高回馈的工作
cushy job 美差,轻松的工作
plum job 称心的工作
taxing job 繁重,伤脑筋的工作
dead-end job 没前途的工作
38. born+出身
△ born into+家庭
Lin was born into a Christian family.林语堂出生于一个基督教家庭。
He had the advantage of being born into a rich family. 他占了出生富家之便。
△ born to +父母
Cruz was born in Canada to a Cuban father and an American mother.克鲁斯出生于加拿大,父亲是古巴人而母亲则是美国人。
△ born of+ 父母(重点说父母的社会状况)
Some of the children were born of slave mothers. 有些孩子是做奴隶的母亲生的。
△ born to+ 第几次婚姻
He was born to the second marriage.
39. 如果我没记错的话:If I remember/recall correctly. If my memory serves me right/correctly.
(二)语音点
1. 大部分词的重音位置是不会改变的,但是有些在不同的情况下会出现重音转移(stress shift/moving stress)比如以-teen结尾的数字,正常情况下,重音在-teen这个音节上,转移后会出现在第一个音节,如下列几种情况:
① 数数的时候:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen...
② 后面是一个重读音节:fifteen minutes, fourteen days,
③ 数字-teen在年份里面:1915(nineteen fifteen)
再比如:Good afternoon / afternoon tea ;millionaire/millionaire bachelor
2. 9. /r/ 音霸 △ 在辅音群里面会把其他音带变形,如gr,pr等。
3. garage 美音是 /ɡəˈrɑːʒ/52%; /ɡəˈrɑːdʒ/48% ,英音是 / ˈɡærɑːʒ /25%; /ˈɡærɑːdʒ/ 31%; /ˈɡærɪdʒ/38%
4. grocery /ˈɡroʊs- ⇨ˈɡroʊʃ/ 两种都可以
5. pronunce /prəˈnaʊns/ V.S. pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/ 注意这两个词元音不同,不要想当然。
6. twenty ’times 一个数字一个名词,重音一般在后面。
7. address动词读/ə ˈdres/,作名词时,美式英语中很多人会读成/’ædres/
8. 在多数发音过程中,/z/的带声成分并不贯穿发音的全过程:please。其他辅音也会这样,浊音后面是清辅音会变清:she has to,have to,as can be shown。后面是元音浊音震动更清晰:has a,have a,prove it。推荐书目:胡壮麟 《语言学教程(第五版)》
9. Malaysia Indonesia后面不是/zɪə/而是/ʒə/。Sweden Swedish的元音是/iː/不是/e/。 Danish的元音是/ eɪ/不是/æ/
10. 软腭抬起,堵住鼻腔,从口发声。 软腭下降,阻塞口腔通道,从鼻发声。
11. 英文中只有发mnŋ时鼻腔震动,而中文有很多鼻音化元音。
12. Rachel’s American English æ在三个鼻音前怎么读
13. dark L
省力的dark L把舌头往后缩就可以,但是不需要像oʊ一样去撅嘴
(三)一点感悟
学语音,没有其他捷径,唯有不断去模仿,让口腔肌肉熟悉正确的发音。模仿的时候要慢,一定要完全复制,包括节奏、音准、语调甚至声音的状态。
要谦虚,不要以为自己这个会了那个会了就不用学了, 不断去重塑自己所学,因为每次都会有新的收获。
不要急,问题不是一朝一夕形成的,也不是一下子就能改正的,但是如果下定决心改正了,就要集中精力改正,不要给自己找借口。