.net的反射(Reflection) 是.Net中获取运行时类型信息的一种方法,通过反射编码的方式可以获得 程序集,模块,类型,元数据等信息。
反射的优点在于微软提供的API调用简单,使用方便;表达式树(Expression Tree)表达式树以树形数据结构表示代码,其中每一个节点都是一种表达式,表达式树经过编译后生成的直接是IL代码;
IL Emit 是直接操作IL的执行过程,对IL代码精细化控制;
属性赋值操作 PropertyInfo.GetValue/SetValue是反射中常用的功能;
三种实现方式的性能对比:
public class Bar
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
public class Foo
{
public Bar Bar { get; set; }
public static void SetReflection(Foo foo, Bar bar)
{
var property = foo.GetType().GetProperty("Bar");
property.SetValue(foo, bar);
}
public static Action<Foo, Bar> SetExpression()
{
var property = typeof(Foo).GetProperty("Bar");
var target = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Foo));
ParameterExpression propertyValue = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Bar));
//var setPropertyValue = Expression.Call(target, property.GetSetMethod(), propertyValue);
BinaryExpression setPropertyValue = Expression.Assign(Expression.Property(target, property), propertyValue);
var setAction = Expression.Lambda<Action<Foo, Bar>>(setPropertyValue, target, propertyValue).Compile();
return setAction;
}
public static Action<Foo, Bar> SetEmit()
{
var property = typeof(Foo).GetProperty("Bar");
DynamicMethod method = new DynamicMethod("SetValue", null, new Type[] { typeof(Foo), typeof(Bar) });
ILGenerator ilGenerator = method.GetILGenerator();
ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
ilGenerator.EmitCall(OpCodes.Callvirt, property.GetSetMethod(), null);
ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
method.DefineParameter(1, ParameterAttributes.In, "obj");
method.DefineParameter(2, ParameterAttributes.In, "value");
var setAction2 = (Action<Foo, Bar>)method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Action<Foo, Bar>));
return setAction2;
}
public static void Test()
{
var act1 = Foo.SetExpression();
var act2 = Foo.SetEmit();
var st = new Stopwatch();
st.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
var foo = new Foo { };
var bar = new Bar { Id = 1, Name = "name" };
Foo.SetReflection(foo, bar);
}
Console.WriteLine("Reflection " + st.ElapsedMilliseconds);
st.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
var foo = new Foo { };
var bar = new Bar { Id = 1, Name = "name" };
act1(foo, bar);
}
Console.WriteLine("Expression " + st.ElapsedMilliseconds);
st.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
var foo = new Foo { };
var bar = new Bar { Id = 1, Name = "name" };
act2(foo, bar);
}
Console.WriteLine("Emit " + st.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
}
循环多次操作性能对比还是明显的表达式数和emit的性能优势明显;
测试结果
但是只循环一次的话 三种实现方式性能是无差别的,所以在一般情况下,反射的性能损失是可以忽略的;