1、需要下载pdfminer库

git clone https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six.git

2、解析

file = 'test.pdf'
from pdfminer.high_level import extract_pages
for page_layout in extract_pages(infile):
    for element in page_layout:
        print(type(element), element.x0)

3、根据字体和字体大小来抽取特定内容

# 抽取标题实例
ele_set = set()
from pdfminer.high_level import extract_pages
for page_layout in extract_pages(infile):
    for element in page_layout:
        if isinstance(element, LTTextBoxHorizontal):
            for text_line in element:
                for character in text_line:
                    if isinstance(character, LTChar):
#                             print(character.get_text())
#                             print(character.fontname)
#                             print(character.size)
                        if character.fontname == 'ATDGLO+CheltenhamITCbyBT-Bold' and round(character.size, 1)==10.0:
#                             print(element.get_text())
#                             if element.x0 == 40.8189:
#                                 print(element.get_text(), element.x0)
                            ele_set.add(element.get_text().strip())
#             print(element.get_text())

4、结果

print(ele_set)

{'Acknowledgment',
 'Air temperature mapping techniques',
 'Introduction',
 'References\n[1]',
 'Regression techniques',
 'Simulation techniques',
 'Summary and conclusions'}

总之，这个库还存在很多问题，至少对于学术论文，由于格式排版不同，能解析的PDF不多。
如果是格式比较固定的PDF，采用这个包会产生非常好的效果。