• 固定搭配
• keep one's finger crossed 祈求好运
• run for 竞选
• make against 不利于
• run up against 遇到，遭遇
• make away with 携..而逃，去除，杀死
• make sth up 弥补，编造、捏造
• make up for 补偿
• make up 构成、组成、化妆、和解
• once upon a time 从前
• on no account must you be negative 绝不
• account for 解释、说明、负责、导致
• approach to solving this problem X的方法
• look forward to doing 期待做XX
• someone put it well 某人说得很好
• at night 在晚上
• in the evening 在晚上
• on a raining evening 在一个下雨的晚上
• at the station 在车站
• in the park 在公园
• on Sunday 在星期天
• in January 在一月
• now that 既然
• in that 因为、原因是
• given that 考虑，鉴于
• to the degree that / to the extent that 在...的程度上
• as/so long as 只要
• on the Internet 在网上
• a knowledge of 对...的了解

感叹句

• What + a +（形容词）+ 单数可数名词 + 主谓 （特殊：What a day！今天多糟！）
• What + （形容词）+ 不可数名词 + 主谓 **
• How + （形容词、副词）+ 主语 + 谓语 （特殊：How time flies! 时光飞逝！）

从句

主句从句之间的时态关系

• 主句用一般现在时,从句可以用任何时态.
• 主句用一般过去时,从句只能用过去时（如过去完成时、过去将来时等）
• 主句用一般过去时,但如果从句是真理,只能用一般现在时。

真实条件句

• 主将从现

虚拟语气

• 与现在事实相反 从句：一般过去时 主句：would / might...+ 动词原形
• 与过去事实相反 从句：had done 主句：would/ might ...+ have done
• 与将来事实相反 从句：一般过去时/ were to do / should do 主句：would/ might...+ 动词原形
• If I were you,I should stay at home. 现在相反
• If you had come yesterday,you would have the meeting. 过去相反
• If it should rain,the crops would be saved. 现在相反
• If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting. 将来相反

• 宾语从句

• He told us that he felt ill.
• I know he has returned.
• Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)
• I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)
• That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)
• We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)

• 定语从句

• This is the book (that) I bought yesterday. 作宾语可省
• Beijing is the place where I was born. (where = at which = in which)
• This is the hotel in which you will stay.
• The room whose window faces south is mine.
• He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well.
• There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.
• He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one.
• few, little, some, most, many, much, one, all, none, both, neither, each 等或者作定语只能用of which, of whom

• 表语从句

• What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 表语从句的that一般是不能省略的，这里很特殊，有动词do的情况下
• My advice is that you should go to apologize to him.

• 主语从句

• That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 主语从句不能省略
• Whether they would support us was a problem.
• Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.
• How this happended is not clear to anyone.
• What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot.

• 状语从句

• If he goes to England, he will have to learn English.
• If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing.
• While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking . 时间
• I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. 时间
• The children ran away from the orchard the moment they saw the guard 时间
• Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 时间
• Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. 地点
• Wherever you go, you should work hard. 地点
• My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successfull. 原因
• Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference. 原因
• The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 原因
• The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. 目的
• The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear him more clearly . 目的
• He got up so early that he caught the first bus. 结果
• It's such a good chance that we must not miss it. 结果
• We'll start our project if the president agrees. 条件
• You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. 条件
• Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 条件
• Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal. 让步
• The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. 让步
• Food is to men what oil is to machine. 比较
• The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. 比较
• She behaved as if she were the boss. 方式
• Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 方式

各个介词的用法

• with 和、跟、用、有、赞成、携带、伴随、在X情况下、对于

• talk with a friend. 和
• change with the temperature. 随
• dig with a pick. 用
• tea with sugar. 有
• sympathize with you. 支持
• take an umbrella with you. 携带
• walk with a stick in his hand.伴随
• jump with joy.在X情况下
• It is day with us while it is night with them.对于

• for 当作、因为、为某人、达、去、取、买、适合、用来、赞成

• I like some bread for dinner. 当作
• Thank you for your last letter. 因为
• Pick it up for you. 为某人
• We will stay there for two days. 达
• go for a walk 去
• I came here for my bag. 取
• I paid 20 yuan for the book. 买
• It's the letter for you. 适合
• It is for dredging. 用来
• Are you for it or against it ？赞成

• of 属于、具有、同位、出自、原因、关于、宾语是表语的逻辑主语

• He is a friend of my father's. 属于
• This photo is of great value.具有
• At the age of 15, he went England with his parents.同位
• He is a child of the poor. 出自
• The little child died of pneumonia.原因
• His uncle is hard of hearing. 关于
• It’s very kind of you to do so. 宾语是表语的逻辑主语

• to 到、对于、向着

• welcome to the real world. 到
• I'll make it up to you. 对于
• she walks to me. 向
• nothing is impossible to a willing heart 对于

• upon 在X上、在X后立即、根据

• He laid a hand upon my shoulder. 在X上
• Upon his release, Davis went immediately to his mother. 在X后立即
• We acted upon his instructions.根据

Maxim 准则

Move 话步

Framing move 框架话步，Well, OK, Right..
Initiation move 诱发，问问题，引发学生说话
Follow-up move 附和，Good，很棒
Focusing move 焦点话步，说下一段，So,Then,Now...
Repair move 改正话步，对学生的表现作更正

Activities 课堂活动

Problem-solving activities 问题解决型

其他知识

• assonance 类韵 / Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.
• end rhyme 尾韵 / great, bait
• alliteration 头韵 / A misty morining may have a fine day
• Reverse end rhyme 倒尾韵 / will, wind

• This island measures about 30 miles by 20 miles. 这个岛30英里长，20英里宽介词by表示距离、面积、尺寸、乘除的运算

加：plus/add
减：minus/subtract/take away...
乘：multiple by.../times
除：divide by
例如：2＋3＝5就是2 plus 3 equal to 5./ 2 add 3 equal to 5
10-1＝9就是10 minus 1 equal to 9 ； 10 subtract 1 get 9； 1 is subtracted from 10，and equal to 9；10 take away 1 is 9。等等～