口译二级-12英译中切分(2)-口译二级-12英译中切分(2)-
切分法（二）：短语切分
短语翻译：
1. 名词短语分译
2. 动词短语分译
3. 介词短语分译
《名利场》
…that he was of an age now when emulation, the first principles of the Latin language，pugilistic exercises and the society of his fellow-boys would be of the greatest benefit to the boy.
他说孩子长到这么大，应该上学校，一则能够培养竞争心，二则可以打下拉丁文的底子，三则有体育活动，四则有机会交朋友，对孩子的益处可大了。
emulation/ˌemjuˈleɪʃn/：竞争， first principles :首要原则pugilistic exercises :体育活动
sciety of his fellow-boys 和其他和孩子交往。 society:群体，交往
pugilistic /ˌpjuːdʒɪˈlɪstɪk/拳击的
2.同位语，处理为一个独立的句子
The UN General Assembly, 同the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the world’s nation-states.
联合国大会是最重要的政治论坛（同），由193个成员国组成，几乎包括了世界上所有的国家。
The UN General Assembly:联合国大会
4. Nepal’s wide range of topographies supports similarly broad cultural variations.
topography/təˈpɒɡrəfi/：地形，地势Nepal /nəˈpɔːl/尼泊尔
一个意群对应一个小句：
尼泊尔地形多样，文化也呈现多样性。
动词短语分译
1.Carbon dioxide and other gases from the burning of fossil fuels collect in the atmosphere and act like the glass walls of a greenhouse, 伴随状态trapping heat on the earth’s surface.
化石燃料所释放的二氧化碳和其它气体会在大气中聚集起来，就像温室的玻璃墙，使热量无法从地表释放出去。
carbon dioxide:二氧化碳greenhouse:温室 trap heat聚集热量trap陷阱n.
2.In 1914 James Joyce begins Ulysses, overturning our traditional expectations for action, plot, drama and the direct impact of one character on another in the novel.
1914年乔伊开始创作《尤利西斯》，这部作品颠覆我们对于传统小说的看法，传统小说有行动，有情节，有戏剧冲突，人物之间互相影响，它都没有。
Ulysses /ju(:)'lisi:z/:尤利西斯 James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯（人名）
overturnig颠覆
形容词短语分译
Once impotent /due to Cold War rivalries, the Security Council has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter.
冷战时期大国对峙，安理会一直处于无为状态，但现在渐已恢复联合国宪章所赋予的权利。
UN charter联合国宪章Cold War 冷战rivalry竞争/ˈraɪv(ə)lri/ accord v. 与..一致，符合
Security Council联合国安理会impotent/ˈɪmpətənt/无能，无为adj.
介词短语：
1.I was up the next morning before the October sunrise and away through the wild and the woodland. The rising of the sun was noble in the cold and warmth of it.
第二天凌晨，在十月的太阳升起之前，我已经起身，并穿过旷野和丛林、十月的清晨乍暖还寒，日出的景象颇为壮观。 noble壮观
2.Timidly patting me on the shoulder, he ushered me out into the cold wintry air, blue with twilight.短语，意群—译成句子
他腼腆地拍我的肩膀，送我出门，外面寒气凛冽的，暮色苍茫。
twilightn.黄昏，暮色timidly adv.羞怯地；胆小地usher/ˈʌʃə(r)/v.引领，引导
wintry /ˈwɪntri/寒冷的比较级 wintrier或more wintry最高级 wintriest或most wintry单词分译
1. 名词分译
2. 形容词分译
3. 副词分译
名词分译—
1.These alternations of mood were the despair and joy of Ethan Frome.
她这样一会儿一种情绪，叫伊坦时而灰心，时而高兴。
alternations:变化 despair 与joy 相反意思，可以分译。
2.Forsight now tells us that travel to Mars is not impossible.
如果我们把眼光放得远一些，我们可以知道将来前往火星不无可能。
英文非人称主语句-
例：我感到恐慌。Panic seized me.
2.Few went out in such a cutting and blinding wind.
-Wind is cutting and blinding and few went out in such a cutting and blinding wind.
寒风刺骨，刮得让人睁不开眼睛。在这样恶劣的天气，很少有人出门。
cutting:严寒的，锋利的blinding:令人炫目的，睁不开眼睛的
副词翻译-评述性副词译成一句话，放在句末。
评述性副词-可以转化成形容词，放句首，用it is ，，，that表述
The Chinese seemed justifiably pround of their economic achievements.
It is justifiable that Chinese …
中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
justifiable /ˌdʒʌstɪˈfaɪəb(ə)l/情有可原的，无可非议的
段落---New York
1. Although New York often imparts a feeling of great forlornness or forsakenness, it seldom seems dead or unresourceful; and you always feel that either by shifting your location ten blocks or by reducing your fortune by five dollars you can experience rejuvenation.
纽约虽说时常给人一种沉重的失落感或被遗弃感，城市却难得显出死气沉沉或一筹莫展的样子，反倒是你总拥有一种希望：越过10条马路，或是花去5美元，就能焕发青春。
forlorn/fəˈlɔːn/adj.被遗弃的，绝望的forlorn hope敢死队
resourceful /rɪˈsɔːsf(ə)l/足智多谋的，机敏的
unresourceful一筹莫展的
forsakenness /fəˈseɪk(ə)nnɪs/
forsaken /fəˈseɪkən/ v.抛弃，遗弃；拒绝，放弃（forsake 的过去分词）
forsake/fəˈseɪk/抛弃，离开
rejuvenation /rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃn/ n.恢复青春
2．Many people who have no real independence of spirit depend on the city’s tremendous variety and sources of excitement for spiritual sustenance and maintenance of morale.
许多缺乏独立精神的人依赖城市巨大的多样性和兴奋源，来求得精神上的耐久力并保持振奋。
morale /məˈrɑːl/n.士气，精神面貌
sustenance：维持/ˈsʌstənəns/ maintenance
2. In the country there are a few chances of sudden rejuvenation-a shift in weather, perhaps, or something arriving in the mail.
在乡下，青春得以重新焕发的偶然机会不是没有—也许是天气的骤变，要不收到一封让你惊喜的邮件。
rejuvenation/rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃn/恢复青春
3. But in New York the chances are endless. I think although many persons are here from some excess of spirit ,some, too, are here from a deficiency of spirit, who find in New York a protection, or an easy substitution.
可是在纽约，这样的机会会无穷无尽、在我看来，尽管有不少是由于精神追求过度到这儿来的，也有些人是因为精神贫乏到纽约来的，并在此找到了保护或是轻而易举得到了异地取代的报偿/轻而易举得到了替代物。
deficiency:贫瘠n.缺乏，不足substitution替代
切分法（二）：短语切分
短语翻译：
1. 名词短语分译
2. 动词短语分译
3. 介词短语分译
《名利场》
…that he was of an age now when emulation, the first principles of the Latin language，pugilistic exercises and the society of his fellow-boys would be of the greatest benefit to the boy.
他说孩子长到这么大，应该上学校，一则能够培养竞争心，二则可以打下拉丁文的底子，三则有体育活动，四则有机会交朋友，对孩子的益处可大了。
emulation/ˌemjuˈleɪʃn/：竞争， first principles :首要原则pugilistic exercises :体育活动
sciety of his fellow-boys 和其他和孩子交往。 society:群体，交往
pugilistic /ˌpjuːdʒɪˈlɪstɪk/拳击的
2.同位语，处理为一个独立的句子
The UN General Assembly, 同the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the world’s nation-states.
联合国大会是最重要的政治论坛（同），由193个成员国组成，几乎包括了世界上所有的国家。
The UN General Assembly:联合国大会
4. Nepal’s wide range of topographies supports similarly broad cultural variations.
topography/təˈpɒɡrəfi/：地形，地势Nepal /nəˈpɔːl/尼泊尔
一个意群对应一个小句：
尼泊尔地形多样，文化也呈现多样性。
动词短语分译
1.Carbon dioxide and other gases from the burning of fossil fuels collect in the atmosphere and act like the glass walls of a greenhouse, 伴随状态trapping heat on the earth’s surface.
化石燃料所释放的二氧化碳和其它气体会在大气中聚集起来，就像温室的玻璃墙，使热量无法从地表释放出去。
carbon dioxide:二氧化碳greenhouse:温室 trap heat聚集热量trap陷阱n.
2.In 1914 James Joyce begins Ulysses, overturning our traditional expectations for action, plot, drama and the direct impact of one character on another in the novel.
1914年乔伊开始创作《尤利西斯》，这部作品颠覆我们对于传统小说的看法，传统小说有行动，有情节，有戏剧冲突，人物之间互相影响，它都没有。
Ulysses /ju(:)'lisi:z/:尤利西斯 James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯（人名）
overturnig颠覆
形容词短语分译
Once impotent /due to Cold War rivalries, the Security Council has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter.
冷战时期大国对峙，安理会一直处于无为状态，但现在渐已恢复联合国宪章所赋予的权利。
UN charter联合国宪章Cold War 冷战rivalry竞争/ˈraɪv(ə)lri/ accord v. 与..一致，符合
Security Council联合国安理会impotent/ˈɪmpətənt/无能，无为adj.
介词短语：
1.I was up the next morning before the October sunrise and away through the wild and the woodland. The rising of the sun was noble in the cold and warmth of it.
第二天凌晨，在十月的太阳升起之前，我已经起身，并穿过旷野和丛林、十月的清晨乍暖还寒，日出的景象颇为壮观。 noble壮观
2.Timidly patting me on the shoulder, he ushered me out into the cold wintry air, blue with twilight.短语，意群—译成句子
他腼腆地拍我的肩膀，送我出门，外面寒气凛冽的，暮色苍茫。
twilightn.黄昏，暮色timidly adv.羞怯地；胆小地usher/ˈʌʃə(r)/v.引领，引导
wintry /ˈwɪntri/寒冷的比较级 wintrier或more wintry最高级 wintriest或most wintry单词分译
1. 名词分译
2. 形容词分译
3. 副词分译
名词分译—
1.These alternations of mood were the despair and joy of Ethan Frome.
她这样一会儿一种情绪，叫伊坦时而灰心，时而高兴。
alternations:变化 despair 与joy 相反意思，可以分译。
2.Forsight now tells us that travel to Mars is not impossible.
如果我们把眼光放得远一些，我们可以知道将来前往火星不无可能。
英文非人称主语句-
例：我感到恐慌。Panic seized me.
2.Few went out in such a cutting and blinding wind.
-Wind is cutting and blinding and few went out in such a cutting and blinding wind.
寒风刺骨，刮得让人睁不开眼睛。在这样恶劣的天气，很少有人出门。
cutting:严寒的，锋利的blinding:令人炫目的，睁不开眼睛的
副词翻译-评述性副词译成一句话，放在句末。
评述性副词-可以转化成形容词，放句首，用it is ，，，that表述
The Chinese seemed justifiably pround of their economic achievements.
It is justifiable that Chinese …
中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
justifiable /ˌdʒʌstɪˈfaɪəb(ə)l/情有可原的，无可非议的
段落---New York
1. Although New York often imparts a feeling of great forlornness or forsakenness, it seldom seems dead or unresourceful; and you always feel that either by shifting your location ten blocks or by reducing your fortune by five dollars you can experience rejuvenation.
纽约虽说时常给人一种沉重的失落感或被遗弃感，城市却难得显出死气沉沉或一筹莫展的样子，反倒是你总拥有一种希望：越过10条马路，或是花去5美元，就能焕发青春。
forlorn/fəˈlɔːn/adj.被遗弃的，绝望的forlorn hope敢死队
resourceful /rɪˈsɔːsf(ə)l/足智多谋的，机敏的
unresourceful一筹莫展的
forsakenness /fəˈseɪk(ə)nnɪs/
forsaken /fəˈseɪkən/ v.抛弃，遗弃；拒绝，放弃（forsake 的过去分词）
forsake/fəˈseɪk/抛弃，离开
rejuvenation /rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃn/ n.恢复青春
2．Many people who have no real independence of spirit depend on the city’s tremendous variety and sources of excitement for spiritual sustenance and maintenance of morale.
许多缺乏独立精神的人依赖城市巨大的多样性和兴奋源，来求得精神上的耐久力并保持振奋。
morale /məˈrɑːl/n.士气，精神面貌
sustenance：维持/ˈsʌstənəns/ maintenance
2. In the country there are a few chances of sudden rejuvenation-a shift in weather, perhaps, or something arriving in the mail.
在乡下，青春得以重新焕发的偶然机会不是没有—也许是天气的骤变，要不收到一封让你惊喜的邮件。
rejuvenation/rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃn/恢复青春
3. But in New York the chances are endless. I think although many persons are here from some excess of spirit ,some, too, are here from a deficiency of spirit, who find in New York a protection, or an easy substitution.
可是在纽约，这样的机会会无穷无尽、在我看来，尽管有不少是由于精神追求过度到这儿来的，也有些人是因为精神贫乏到纽约来的，并在此找到了保护或是轻而易举得到了异地取代的报偿/轻而易举得到了替代物。
deficiency:贫瘠n.缺乏，不足substitution替代
