ArthurSlog
SLog-2
Year·1
Guangzhou·China
-
July 8th 2018
想让别人拉你一把,你的手在哪?别想着拉别人一把,否则你也会被拖垮。
开发环境MacOS
Mac自带的编译器,可以直接编译C语言的代码。所以现在,打开你的手机,计时5分钟,编译器了解一下
有点常识 最原始的信息一般都是最有效的信息
如果面向百度或者QQ编程,那趁早转行
在Mysql的官网获取C与Mysql的交互手册Mysql官方手册
- 下面这段话是智商的分水岭
The MySQL C API is a C-based API that client applications written in C can use to communicate with MySQL Server.Client programs refer to C API header files at compile time and link to a C API library file, libmysqlclient, at link time.
- 这段话就是实现C与Mysql数据交互的关键 如果你看不懂 说明你想的太多 做的太少
提醒:当你想进步的时候,第一时间打开官方手册
官方文档一般都不会考虑菜鸟们的阅读感受 所以 作为一只🙃菜鸟 要有点灵性
下面是在MySQL官网找到的一个具体的调用流程:
step1 初始化MySQL客户端库,mysql_library_init()。
step2 初始化MySQL对象,mysql_init();并连接到服务器, mysql_real_connect()。
step3 发出SQL语句并处理其结果,mysql_eqery()。
step4 关闭与MySQL服务器的连接,mysql_close()。
step5 结束使用MySQL客户端库,mysql_library_end()。
下面main.c是完整的C代码(1分钟浏览一下), 关键是上面提到的五个步骤,函数的用法参考Mysql官方手册
main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <mysql.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
MYSQL mysql;
MYSQL_RES *result;
MYSQL_ROW row;
unsigned int num_fields;
unsigned int i;
const char host_name[] = "localhost";
const char user_name[] = "root";
const char password[] = "888888";
const char db_name[] = "my_db";
unsigned int port_num = 0;
unsigned long CLIENT_MULTI_STATMENTS = 0;
int main(void)
{
/* step1 int mysql_library_init(int argc, char **argv, char **groups) */
if (mysql_library_init(0, NULL, NULL))
{
fprintf(stderr, "could not initialize MySQL client library\n");
exit(1);
}
/* step2 MYSQL *mysql_init(MYSQL *mysql) */
mysql_init(&mysql);
/* step2 MYSQL *mysql_real_connect(MYSQL *mysql, const char *host, const char *user, const char *passwd, const char *db, unsigned int port, const char *unix_socket, unsigned long client_flag) */
if (mysql_real_connect(&mysql, host_name, user_name, password,
db_name, port_num, NULL, CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS) == NULL)
{
printf("mysql_real_connect() failed\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to connect to database: Error: %s\n", mysql_error(&mysql));
mysql_close(&mysql);
exit(1);
}
/* step3 int mysql_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *stmt_str) */
int status = mysql_query(&mysql, "SELECT * FROM Account"); /* int mysql_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *stmt_str) */
if (status)
{
printf("Could not execute statement(s)");
mysql_close(&mysql);
exit(0);
}
/* process each statement result */
do
{
/* did current statement return data? */
/* MYSQL_RES *mysql_store_result(MYSQL *mysql) */
result = mysql_store_result(&mysql);
if (result)
{
/* unsigned int mysql_num_fields(MYSQL_RES *result) */
num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);
/* MYSQL_ROW mysql_fetch_row(MYSQL_RES *result) */
while ((row = mysql_fetch_row(result)))
{
unsigned long *lengths;
lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths(result);
for (i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)
{
printf("[%.*s] ", (int)lengths[i],
row[i] ? row[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
}
/* yes; process rows and free the result set */
/* process_result_set(mysql, result); */
mysql_free_result(result) /* void mysql_free_result(MYSQL_RES *result) */;
}
else /* no result set or error*/
{
/* unsigned int mysql_field_count(MYSQL *mysql) */
if (mysql_field_count(&mysql) == 0)
{
printf("lld rows affected\n");
break;
}
}
/* more results? -1 = no, >0 = error, 0 = yes (keep looping) */
if ((status = mysql_next_result(&mysql)) > 0) /* int mysql_next_result(MYSQL *mysql) */
{
printf("Counld not execute statement\n");
}
} while (status == 0);
/* step4 void mysql_close(MYSQL *mysql) */
mysql_close(&mysql);
/* step5 void mysql_library_end(void) */
mysql_library_end();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
main.c
/* step1 int mysql_library_init(int argc, char **argv, char **groups) */
if (mysql_library_init(0, NULL, NULL))
{
fprintf(stderr, "could not initialize MySQL client library\n");
exit(1);
}
/* step2 MYSQL *mysql_init(MYSQL *mysql) */
mysql_init(&mysql);
/* step2 MYSQL *mysql_real_connect(MYSQL *mysql, const char *host, const char *user, const char *passwd, const char *db, unsigned int port, const char *unix_socket, unsigned long client_flag) */
if (mysql_real_connect(&mysql, host_name, user_name, password,
db_name, port_num, NULL, CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS) == NULL)
{
printf("mysql_real_connect() failed\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to connect to database: Error: %s\n", mysql_error(&mysql));
mysql_close(&mysql);
exit(1);
}
/* step3 int mysql_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *stmt_str) */
int status = mysql_query(&mysql, "SELECT * FROM Account"); /* int mysql_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *stmt_str) */
if (status)
{
printf("Could not execute statement(s)");
mysql_close(&mysql);
exit(0);
}
/* step4 void mysql_close(MYSQL *mysql) */
mysql_close(&mysql);
/* step5 void mysql_library_end(void) */
mysql_library_end();
这里面涉及到的C语法,google了解一下
上面的代码走完一个流程就算完了,但实际情况是需要‘增删改查’
So
main.c
/* process each statement result */
do
{
/* did current statement return data? */
/* MYSQL_RES *mysql_store_result(MYSQL *mysql) */
result = mysql_store_result(&mysql);
if (result)
{
/* unsigned int mysql_num_fields(MYSQL_RES *result) */
num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);
/* MYSQL_ROW mysql_fetch_row(MYSQL_RES *result) */
while ((row = mysql_fetch_row(result)))
{
unsigned long *lengths;
lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths(result);
for (i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)
{
printf("[%.*s] ", (int)lengths[i],
row[i] ? row[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
}
/* yes; process rows and free the result set */
/* process_result_set(mysql, result); */
mysql_free_result(result) /* void mysql_free_result(MYSQL_RES *result) */;
}
else /* no result set or error*/
{
/* unsigned int mysql_field_count(MYSQL *mysql) */
if (mysql_field_count(&mysql) == 0)
{
printf("lld rows affected\n");
break;
}
}
/* more results? -1 = no, >0 = error, 0 = yes (keep looping) */
if ((status = mysql_next_result(&mysql)) > 0) /* int mysql_next_result(MYSQL *mysql) */
{
printf("Counld not execute statement\n");
}
} while (status == 0);
- 根据Mysql官方手册
- 在代码间,当一个函数执行后会返回一个结果,这个结果的数据结构各不相同,参考Mysql官方手册
- 举个例子栗子:
main.c
mysql_library_init()
- 完整的写法
main.c
int mysql_library_init(int argc, char **argv, char **groups)
- 第一个 int,代表的就是返回值的数据结构
- 如果要储存这个函数执行完返回的值,需要声明一个相同的数据结构的对象来保存这个值
- 举个栗子:
main.c
int return_mli = null; //声明一个数据结构为int的对象,并让reture_mli的值为空
- 然后你就可以
main.c
int return_mli = null;
return_mli = mysql_library_init(0, NULL, NULL);
- 此时你就可以判断函数的返回值,以确定接下来要执行的操作
- C 语言把任何非零和非空的值假定为 true,把零或 null 假定为 false。
main.c
int return_mli = 0;
return_mli = mysql_library_init(0, NULL, NULL);
if(return_mli)
{
do something
}
- 明白了这些,再次看一下完整的代码
main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <mysql.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
MYSQL mysql;
MYSQL_RES *result;
MYSQL_ROW row;
unsigned int num_fields;
unsigned int i;
const char host_name[] = "localhost";
const char user_name[] = "root";
const char password[] = "888888";
const char db_name[] = "my_db";
unsigned int port_num = 0;
unsigned long CLIENT_MULTI_STATMENTS = 0;
int main(void)
{
/* step1 int mysql_library_init(int argc, char **argv, char **groups) */
if (mysql_library_init(0, NULL, NULL))
{
fprintf(stderr, "could not initialize MySQL client library\n");
exit(1);
}
/* step2 MYSQL *mysql_init(MYSQL *mysql) */
mysql_init(&mysql);
/* step2 MYSQL *mysql_real_connect(MYSQL *mysql, const char *host, const char *user, const char *passwd, const char *db, unsigned int port, const char *unix_socket, unsigned long client_flag) */
if (mysql_real_connect(&mysql, host_name, user_name, password,
db_name, port_num, NULL, CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS) == NULL)
{
printf("mysql_real_connect() failed\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to connect to database: Error: %s\n", mysql_error(&mysql));
mysql_close(&mysql);
exit(1);
}
/* step3 int mysql_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *stmt_str) */
int status = mysql_query(&mysql, "SELECT * FROM Account"); /* int mysql_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *stmt_str) */
if (status)
{
printf("Could not execute statement(s)");
mysql_close(&mysql);
exit(0);
}
/* process each statement result */
do
{
/* did current statement return data? */
/* MYSQL_RES *mysql_store_result(MYSQL *mysql) */
result = mysql_store_result(&mysql);
if (result)
{
/* unsigned int mysql_num_fields(MYSQL_RES *result) */
num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);
/* MYSQL_ROW mysql_fetch_row(MYSQL_RES *result) */
while ((row = mysql_fetch_row(result)))
{
unsigned long *lengths;
lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths(result);
for (i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)
{
printf("[%.*s] ", (int)lengths[i],
row[i] ? row[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
}
/* yes; process rows and free the result set */
/* process_result_set(mysql, result); */
mysql_free_result(result) /* void mysql_free_result(MYSQL_RES *result) */;
}
else /* no result set or error*/
{
/* unsigned int mysql_field_count(MYSQL *mysql) */
if (mysql_field_count(&mysql) == 0)
{
printf("lld rows affected\n");
break;
}
}
/* more results? -1 = no, >0 = error, 0 = yes (keep looping) */
if ((status = mysql_next_result(&mysql)) > 0) /* int mysql_next_result(MYSQL *mysql) */
{
printf("Counld not execute statement\n");
}
} while (status == 0);
/* step4 void mysql_close(MYSQL *mysql) */
mysql_close(&mysql);
/* step5 void mysql_library_end(void) */
mysql_library_end();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
- 接下来切换至代码路径下
- 执行编译指令
gcc -c main.c -I /usr/local/mysql/include
- 执行链接指令,得到执行文件main
gcc main.o -o main -L /usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient
- 此时当前路径下有这三个文件
main.c main.o main
- 启动可执行文件main
./main
- 此时会提示出错,解决办法第一时间应该想到的是Mysql官方手册
- 根据官方提供的信息,可以推断是系统链接的问题。google可得,由于MacOS系统的保护机制,解决方式如下:
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib
- 最后,启动可执行文件main
./main
- 前提是你配置好了数据库参数,下面是我自己配置的数据库信息
const char host_name[] = "localhost";
const char user_name[] = "root";
const char password[] = "888888";
const char db_name[] = "my_db";
int status = mysql_query(&mysql, "SELECT * FROM Account"); /* int mysql_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *stmt_str) */
- SQL语法不懂?SQL手册了解一下
SELECT * FROM Account
- 至此,我们使用C语言与MySQL数据库成功实现了数据交互。