工厂模式是Java中最常用的设计模式之一。这种类型的设计模式属于创建模式,因为此模式提供了创建对象的最佳方法之一。
在Factory模式中,我们创建对象而不将创建逻辑暴露给客户端,并使用通用接口引用新创建的对象。
让我们开始吧
我们将创建一个Shape接口和实现Shape接口的具体类。工厂类ShapeFactory被定义为下一步。
FactoryPatternDemo,我们的演示类将使用ShapeFactory来获取Shape对象。它会将信息(CIRCLE / RECTANGLE / SQUARE)传递给ShapeFactory以获取所需的对象类型。
步骤1
创建一个接口。
Shape.java
public interface Shape {
void draw();
}
步骤2
创建实现相同接口的具体类。
Rectangle.java
public class Rectangle implements Shape {
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method.");
}
}
Square.java
public class Square implements Shape {
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Inside Square::draw() method.");
}
}
Circle.java
public class Circle implements Shape {
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Inside Circle::draw() method.");
}
}
步骤3
创建工厂以根据给定信息生成具体类的对象。
ShapeFactory.java
public class ShapeFactory {
//use getShape method to get object of type shape
public Shape getShape(String shapeType){
if(shapeType == null){
return null;
}
if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("CIRCLE")){
return new Circle();
} else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("RECTANGLE")){
return new Rectangle();
} else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("SQUARE")){
return new Square();
}
return null;
}
}
步骤4
使用Factory通过传递类型等信息来获取具体类的对象。
FactoryPatternDemo.java
public class FactoryPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShapeFactory shapeFactory = new ShapeFactory();
//get an object of Circle and call its draw method.
Shape shape1 = shapeFactory.getShape("CIRCLE");
//call draw method of Circle
shape1.draw();
//get an object of Rectangle and call its draw method.
Shape shape2 = shapeFactory.getShape("RECTANGLE");
//call draw method of Rectangle
shape2.draw();
//get an object of Square and call its draw method.
Shape shape3 = shapeFactory.getShape("SQUARE");
//call draw method of square
shape3.draw();
}
}
步骤5
验证输出。
Inside Circle::draw() method.
Inside Rectangle::draw() method.
Inside Square::draw() method.
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