关于Java自动装箱和拆箱
- 基本数据(Primitive)类型的自动装箱(autoboxing)、拆箱(unboxing)是自J2SE 5.0开始提供的功能
- 自动装箱,个人感觉也就是为了所谓的java泛型,泛型就是一种糖,装箱是一种糖也就更好解释了。并且两者都是编译器提供的,都存在于编译期(当然编译器做的越多,JVM就可以解释的越快),我想通过反编译,可以轻松的发现。
- 自动装箱:把基本类型用它们对应的引用类型包装起来,使它们具有对象的特质 Integer a=3(Integer源码,注释的信息量很大啊( ̄ ̄)")
/**
* Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
* {@code int} value. If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
* required, this method should generally be used in preference to
* the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
* to yield significantly better space and time performance by
* caching frequently requested values.
*
* This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
* inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
*
* @param i an {@code int} value.
* @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
- 自动拆箱:将Integer及Double这样的引用类型的对象重新简化为基本类型的数据 int i = new Integer(2)
/**
* Returns the value of this {@code Integer} as an
* {@code int}.
*/
public int intValue() {
return value;
}
基本类型防迷惑
- 基本类型不管多大,==都返回true,因为基本类型不会比较地址,更不存在equals
/**
* 基本类型不管多大,==都返回true,因为基本类型不会比较地址,更不存在equals
*/
int a1 = 121,a2 = 121;
int b1 = 128,b2 = 128;
System.out.println(a1 == a2);//true
System.out.println(b1 == b2);//true
包装类所提供的缓存机制
- 每个整形的包装类,包括Long、Integer、Short、Byte、Character,都提供了缓存机制(一种优化手段),但是Float、Double没有,也就没有==比较的有趣现象了。
//Integer
Integer l1 = 12;
Integer l2 = 12;
Integer l3 = 128;
Integer l4 = 128;
System.out.println(l1 == l2);//true
System.out.println(l3 == l4);//false
//Long
Long l5 = 128L;
Long l6 = 128L;
System.out.println(l5 == l6);//false
Double d1 = 12d;
Double d2 = 12d;
System.out.println(d1 == d2);//false
- 调整JVM参数-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=250,最大缓存值可以达到-128—250 ,只能调整上限,这和Integer缓存算法实现有关,当然这个参数只对Integer有效,Long...无法调节,通过源码可以清楚的看到这一点。
/**
* 调节虚拟机参数:-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=250后,最大缓存值可以达到-128——250
*/
@org.junit.Test
public void test2(){
Integer l3 = 250;
Integer l4 = 250;
System.out.println(l3 == l4);//true
}
- 关于包装类的equals
/**
* Compares this object to the specified object. The result is
* {@code true} if and only if the argument is not
* {@code null} and is an {@code Integer} object that
* contains the same {@code int} value as this object.
*
* @param obj the object to compare with.
* @return {@code true} if the objects are the same;
* {@code false} otherwise.
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Integer) {
return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
}
return false;
}
- 关于==,说-128—127存在所谓的常量池(因为缓存就是一个静态数组,可以认为存在常量池),不如说是整形包装类停供的缓存机制,因为当-128—127是从缓存(xxxCache数组)中取。
- 每一个整形包装类里面都有一个,私有静态内部类XXXCache,里面含有对应类型的固定长度(其实通过JVM参数可以调节)的final cache数组 。见下面源码(注意注释):
/**
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size> option.
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}
再看一下Long的(很简单):
private static class LongCache {
private LongCache(){}
static final Long cache[] = new Long[-(-128) + 127 + 1];
static {
for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
cache[i] = new Long(i - 128);
}
}
- 再看一下valueOf的源码,就会发现如果值在-128—127,会直接从cache(就是一个数组,在XXXCache私有静态内部类中)中取。
public static Long valueOf(long l) {
final int offset = 128;
//判断
if (l >= -128 && l <= 127) { // will cache
return LongCache.cache[(int)l + offset];
}
//否则直接返回new出来的
return new Long(l);
}