“江山一笼统,井上黑窟窿。黄狗身上白,白狗身上肿。”
据说,这是唐代一名叫张打油所写的歪诗。因其用词俚俗浅白,以后凡是类似的歪诗,都统称为打油诗。
打油诗还具有世界性。英语里面也有这种用词俚俗浅白的歪诗,叫limerick,姑且也叫英语打油诗吧。
英语打油诗还有严格的格律押韵标准。它必须是五行诗,第一行,第二行和第五行不能少于八到九个音节,而且必须同押一个韵。第三行和第四行音节少一些,同押另一个韵。即:
AABBA。举个例子:
There once was a barber named Ware
Who was sadly allergic to hair,
When customers called,
Unless they were bald,
He would sneeze them right out of the chair.
上面的Ware, hair 和chair 同押一韵,called 和bald另押一韵。
英语打油诗的第一行一般都介绍某一个人及其出生地或原居地。最早的打油诗的第五行一般都是重复第一行,但现在已不多见。相反,最后一行多半用来表现一种转折或意外,造成一种喜剧效果。如:
There was a young lady named Flo
Who was padded from top-knot to toe.
She was hit by a truck,
Which was very poor luck------
She’s still bouncing as far as we know.
有个女孩叫福楼
浑身包的象皮球
不巧被车撞个着
一直不停蹦蹦跳
这种简单的英语打油诗具有风趣幽默的特点,且朗朗上口,可以让初学英语的儿童当儿歌一样诵唱。对英语诗歌有兴趣者也可以学着写打油诗,练习押韵和格律的用法。对诗歌翻译有兴趣者,也可以先从英语打油诗入手,寓学于乐,一举两得。