手把手教你画饼形图

项目中需要用到简单的饼形图统计,我们就没必要去找什么开源的,可以尝试自己画一下。
效果:

饼形图.jpg

通过该例子,你能学到什么:

  • 对Paint 深入理解,画绘制饼图,矩形,文字等

  • 加深对canvas的API的掌握,对自定义View掌握

下面我们分七步来完成一个简单的饼形图绘制过程。

1. 重新View的构造方法
public PieView(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

    public PieView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }

    public PieView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        mPieColorList = new ArrayList<>();
        mPieValue = new ArrayList<>();
        mStringList = new ArrayList<>();
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mMaxString = "";
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);//画笔宽度
        mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);//抗锯齿
    }
2.绘制图形
/**
     * 绘制饼图
     *
     * @param canvas
     * @param amount
     */
    private void drawPie(Canvas canvas, int amount) {
        mPaint.setColor(mCurrentColor);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
        int angle = (int) (360f * amount / mMaxValue);
        Log.d("angle", "drawPie: " + angle);
        canvas.drawArc(oval, mStartAngle, angle, true, mPaint);
        mStartAngle += angle;
    }

    /**
     * 绘制矩形
     *
     * @param canvas
     */
    private void drawRect(Canvas canvas) {
        if (mCurrentIndex == 0) {
            rect = new RectF(mRectMarginLeft, mPadding, mRectMarginLeft + RECT_WIDTH, mPadding + RECT_WIDTH);
            canvas.drawRect(rect, mPaint);
        } else {
            rect = new RectF(mRectMarginLeft, (mCurrentIndex) * TEXT_VERTICAL_PADDING + mPadding, mRectMarginLeft + RECT_WIDTH, (mCurrentIndex) * TEXT_VERTICAL_PADDING + mPadding + RECT_WIDTH);
            canvas.drawRect(rect, mPaint);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 绘画文字
     *
     * @param canvas
     * @param text
     */
    private void drawText(Canvas canvas, String text) {
        mPaint.setColor(TEXT_COLOR);
        if (mCurrentIndex == 0) {
            canvas.drawText(text, mTextMarginLeft, mPadding + TEXT_SIZE * 0.8f - 5, mPaint);
        } else {
            canvas.drawText(text, mTextMarginLeft, (mCurrentIndex) * TEXT_VERTICAL_PADDING + mPadding + TEXT_SIZE * 0.8f - 5, mPaint);
        }
    }
3.Pie 实体类
public class Pie {
    public int PieColor;
    public int PieValue;
    public String PieString;

    public Pie(int pieValue, String pieString, int pieColor) {
        this.PieValue = pieValue;
        this.PieString = pieString;
        this.PieColor = pieColor;
    }
}
4.xml引用
    <aikaifa.canvas.widget.PieView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="200dp"
        android:id="@+id/PieView" />
5.填充数据
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private ArrayList<Pie> pieArrayList = new ArrayList<>();
    private String[] arr = {"C#", "C", "C++", "JAVA", "JavaScript", "Object-C"};
    private int[] pre = {20, 30, 10, 10, 10, 20};
    private PieView pieView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        pieView = (PieView) findViewById(R.id.PieView);
        int[] pieColor = {getResources().getColor(R.color.blue), getResources().getColor(R.color.red), getResources().getColor(R.color.gray_dark),
                getResources().getColor(R.color.dark), getResources().getColor(R.color.colorPrimary), getResources().getColor(R.color.black_alpha_light)};
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            Pie pie = new Pie(pre[i], arr[i], pieColor[i]);
            pieArrayList.add(pie);
        }
        pieView.SetPie(pieArrayList);
    }
    
}
6.完整的PieView
public class PieView extends View {

    private Paint mPaint;
    //饼图和矩形的距离
    private final int PIE_RECT_PADDING = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.pie_rect_padding);
    //矩形的宽度
    private final int RECT_WIDTH = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.rect_width);
    //矩形和文字的距离
    private final int RECT_TEXT_PADDING = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.rect_text_padding);
    //文字的大小
    private final int TEXT_SIZE = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.text_size);
    //文字的垂直距离
    private final int TEXT_VERTICAL_PADDING = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.text_vertical_padding);
    //得到文字颜色
    private final int TEXT_COLOR = getResources().getColor(R.color.gray_dark);
    //文字和控件顶部的距离
    private float mPadding;
    //饼图的半径
    private int mPieRadios;
    //所有数值的总和
    private int mMaxValue;
    //饼图开始的角度
    private int mStartAngle;
    //文字的宽度
    private int mTextWidth;
    //控件半高
    private int mControlHalfHeight;
    //当前索引
    private int mCurrentIndex;
    //左边距
    private int mRectMarginLeft;
    private int mTextMarginLeft;
    //当前颜色
    private int mCurrentColor;
    //圆的范围
    private RectF oval;
    //最长的字符串
    private String mMaxString;

    private List<Integer> mPieColorList;
    private List<Integer> mPieValue;
    private List<String> mStringList;
    private ArrayList<Pie> mPieArrayList;

    private RectF rect;

    public PieView(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

    public PieView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }

    public PieView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        mPieColorList = new ArrayList<>();
        mPieValue = new ArrayList<>();
        mStringList = new ArrayList<>();
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mMaxString = "";
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);//画笔宽度
        mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);//抗锯齿
    }

    @Override
    protected void onSizeChanged(int width, int height, int oldWidth, int oldHeight) {
        super.onSizeChanged(width, height, oldWidth, oldHeight);
        mTextWidth = (int) mPaint.measureText(mMaxString);
        mControlHalfHeight = height / 2;
        //饼图半径
        mPieRadios = mControlHalfHeight - 5;
        //控件内容宽度
        int contentWidth = mPieRadios * 2 + PIE_RECT_PADDING + RECT_WIDTH + RECT_TEXT_PADDING + mTextWidth;
        //内容的左边距
        int contentMarginLeft = (width - contentWidth) / 2;
        //矩形的左边距
        mRectMarginLeft = contentMarginLeft + mPieRadios * 2 + PIE_RECT_PADDING;
        //文字的左边距
        mTextMarginLeft = mRectMarginLeft + RECT_WIDTH + RECT_TEXT_PADDING;
        //文字和控件顶部的距离
        mPadding = height / mPieArrayList.size() * 0.8f;
        oval = new RectF(contentMarginLeft, mControlHalfHeight - mPieRadios,
                contentMarginLeft + mPieRadios * 2, mControlHalfHeight + mPieRadios);
    }

    /**
     * @param pieArrayList
     */
    public void SetPie(ArrayList<Pie> pieArrayList) {
        mPieArrayList = pieArrayList;
        for (Pie mPie : mPieArrayList) {
            mPieColorList.add(mPie.PieColor);
            mPieValue.add(mPie.PieValue);
            mStringList.add(mPie.PieString);
            if (mMaxString.length() > mPie.PieString.length())
                mMaxString = mPie.PieString;
        }

        //使用postInvalidate可以直接在主线程中更新界面
        postInvalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);

        mStartAngle = -90;
        mCurrentIndex = 0;
        mMaxValue = 100;
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

        for (int i = 0; i < mPieValue.size(); i++) {
            mCurrentColor = mPieColorList.get(mCurrentIndex);
            Log.i("mCurrentColor", "onDraw: " + mCurrentColor);
            drawPie(canvas, mPieValue.get(mCurrentIndex));
            drawRect(canvas);
            drawText(canvas, mStringList.get(mCurrentIndex));
            mCurrentIndex++;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 绘制饼图
     *
     * @param canvas
     * @param amount
     */
    private void drawPie(Canvas canvas, int amount) {
        mPaint.setColor(mCurrentColor);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
        int angle = (int) (360f * amount / mMaxValue);
        Log.d("angle", "drawPie: " + angle);
        canvas.drawArc(oval, mStartAngle, angle, true, mPaint);
        mStartAngle += angle;
    }

    /**
     * 绘制矩形
     *
     * @param canvas
     */
    private void drawRect(Canvas canvas) {
        if (mCurrentIndex == 0) {
            rect = new RectF(mRectMarginLeft, mPadding, mRectMarginLeft + RECT_WIDTH, mPadding + RECT_WIDTH);
            canvas.drawRect(rect, mPaint);
        } else {
            rect = new RectF(mRectMarginLeft, (mCurrentIndex) * TEXT_VERTICAL_PADDING + mPadding, mRectMarginLeft + RECT_WIDTH, (mCurrentIndex) * TEXT_VERTICAL_PADDING + mPadding + RECT_WIDTH);
            canvas.drawRect(rect, mPaint);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 绘画文字
     *
     * @param canvas
     * @param text
     */
    private void drawText(Canvas canvas, String text) {
        mPaint.setColor(TEXT_COLOR);
        if (mCurrentIndex == 0) {
            canvas.drawText(text, mTextMarginLeft, mPadding + TEXT_SIZE * 0.8f - 5, mPaint);
        } else {
            canvas.drawText(text, mTextMarginLeft, (mCurrentIndex) * TEXT_VERTICAL_PADDING + mPadding + TEXT_SIZE * 0.8f - 5, mPaint);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            float x = event.getX();
            float y = event.getY();
            Log.e("",x+"-----------");
        }
        return  true;
    }
}
7.其他文件

colors.xml

    <color name="dark">#0097a7</color>
    <color name="grey">#e0e0e0</color>
    <color name="gray_dark">#666666</color>
    <color name="black_alpha_light">#3c3f41</color>
    <color name="black_light">#383838</color>
    <color name="blue">#03a9f4</color>
    <color name="red">#ff4081</color>

dimens.xml

    <dimen name="fab_margin">16dp</dimen>
    <dimen name="pie_rect_padding">30dp</dimen>
    <dimen name="rect_text_padding">6dp</dimen>
    <dimen name="rect_width">15dp</dimen>
    <dimen name="text_size">18sp</dimen>
    <dimen name="text_vertical_padding">25dp</dimen>

这样一个简单的饼形图绘制就算完成了。
—END

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