Graphs & Charts
A bar graph (柱状图) uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data.
The lengths of the bars are proportional (成比例) to the values they represent.
The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal (美 ['hɔrə'zɑntl]，水平的) .
译文：柱状图使用不同长度的矩形条显示和比较数据。条形长度与它们表示的值成比例。
这些条形可以是垂直的、向上和向下的，也可以是水平的。
A circle graph (圆形图，扇面图), often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.
It is divided into segments 分割、段that look like pieces of a pie.
Percentages (百分率，百分比) are used to compare the segments which are ordered from biggest to smallest.
译文：圆形图，通常称为饼图，形状像一个圆。它被分成几个看起来像馅饼的小块。百分比用于比较从大到小排序的部分。
Line graphs (曲线图，线状图) are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance.
These variables are plotted on (被标注在) 2 axes (美['æksɪz]，axe的复数，坐标轴), the x-axis (美 ['æksɪs]，轴，轴线) and the y-axis.
The x-axis often shows time while the y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.
译文：曲线图是用来表示两个变量之间的关系,如时间和距离。这些变量标注在2个坐标轴上,X轴和Y轴。X轴通常表示时间，而Y轴表示数量，如距离、温度或利润如何随时间变化。
A flowchart (流程图) is a type of graph that shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish.
A flowchart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.
译文：流程图是一种显示流程或项目如何从头到尾流动的图形。流程图由起始点、输入点、输出点和决策点组成。
An organizational chart (组织结构图), or org chart, show the structure of a company.
It shows how people and departments within a company are connected.
It defines the roles and responsibilities of people and departments within a company.
译文：组织结构图显示的是一个公司的结构。它呈现了公司内部人员和部门之间是如何关联起来的，明确了公司内部人员和部门的角色和职责。
Exercise:
1. Which type of graph shows the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance? [Line graphs.]
2. What shows how people and departments within a company are connected? [Organizational chart.]
3. Which type of graph has segments that look like pieces of a pie? [Circle graph.]
4. What type of graph has vertical or horizontal bars? [Bar graph.]
5. Which type of graph includes decision points? [Flowchart.]
6. The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent.
7. The x-axis often shows time while the y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.
8. A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.
2. A flowchart shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish.
3. A line grap uses connected points to show how things are related to each other.
4. In a flowchart, a decision point shows what happens when a decision is made.
Legal Terms
Legal Terms
Laws are rules that people are supposed to follow.
A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country.
译文：法律是人们应该遵守的规则。法律体系管理一个国家内人们的行为。
Criminals are people who break the law.
People who commit a crime are called criminals.
Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail (被关进监狱).
译文：罪犯是违法的人。犯罪的人被称为罪犯。有些罪犯非常危险，需要关进监狱。
A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.
Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.
译文：罪犯被关在监狱里，有时会被关很多年。监狱是为了使罪犯远离其他人而设计的。
A courthouse (法院) is where someone charged with committing a crime goes on trial (受审).
In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence (清白，无罪) of the person on trial.
译文：法院是被指控犯罪的人受审的地方。在法庭上，证据是用来证明受审者有罪或无罪的。
When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police.
To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.
译文：当有人违法时，他们可能会被警察逮捕。逮捕某人意味着把他拘留到受审为止。
Exercise:
1. When is someone sentenced to break the law?
When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested and put on trial.
2. Who are often dangerous and need to be put in jail?
Criminals
3. When do someone go to stand on trial?
A courthouse (法院) is where someone charged with committing a crime goes on trial (受审).
4. What may happen to someone who breaks the law?
If someone breaks the law, they may be arrested and put on trial.
5. What governs and helps people are supposed to act?
A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country.
6. If someone breaks the law, they may be arrested and put on trial.
7. An action that is against the law is an illegal action.
8. People who commit a crime are called criminals.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. An action that is against the law is an illegal action.
2. Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.
3. People who commit a crime are called criminals.
4. When a person is charged with breaking a law, they are tried in a court of law.
5. A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.
