ElasticSearch入门篇

一、安装部署

1.1 版本选择

//www.greatytc.com/p/c5c3e834c028

1.2 单机版

下载解压

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.6.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf elasticsearch-6.6.1.tar.gz -C /opt/es/

ES不能在ROOT账户下启动，必须创建子账户

useradd es   创建用户
passwd es    设置密码
chown -R es:root /opt/es/    给文件指定所属用户和用户组
chmod -R 770 /opt/es/    修改文件夹的权限
su es    切换到es账户，su是switch user的缩写

修改配置vim elasticsearch.yml

####### 若要外界能访问到虚拟机上的ES,必须要配置network.host #######
network.host: 192.168.114.100
####### ES绑定端口 #######
http.port: 9200

./elasticsearch -d 后台启动

./elasticsearch -h 了解启动脚本可用选项
ps -ef | grep elastic 查找ES进程
kill -9 进程号 杀掉ES进程
启动日志在 elasticsearch-6.6.1/logs/elasticsearch.log
curl 192.168.114.100:9200 启动成功

2019022201.png

安装ES-Head

（1）安装NodeJs

由于elasticsaerch-head是由node.js编写的，Linux需确保安装了node6以上版本 .
到 Node.js 官网（https://nodejs.org/en/download/）选择要下载的编译版本Linux Binaries (x64)

1、切换到安装路径
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v10.13.0/node-v10.13.0-linux-x64.tar.xz
2、解压缩文件包
xz -d node-v10.13.0-linux-x64.tar.xz
tar -xvf node-v10.13.0-linux-x64.tar
3、node 环境配置
vim /etc/profile
在最下面加入
# node
export NODE_HOME=/usr/local/src/node-v10.13.0-linux-x64
export PATH=$PATH:$NODE_HOME/bin
export NODE_PATH=$NODE_HOME/lib/node_modules
source /etc/profile    // 使配置文件生效
4、查看 Node.js 是否安装成功
node -v

（2）安装elasticsaerch-head

github官网 https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head，下载mobz开头的elasticsaerch-head
解压后进入elasticsaerch-head-master，
npm install 安装结束出现npm ERR!不用管
npm run start 启动在9100

（3）连接ES-head控制台

在elasticsearch.yml中加入下面的配置才能链接到控制台
http.cors.enabled: true http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
然后重启尝试连接

2019022203.png

1.3 分布式部署

在另外两台机子上，拷贝es包、config下elasticsearch.yml与jvm.options，赋予权限，解决启动报错。

修改配置如下

##################### master配置 #######################
network.host: 192.168.114.100
http.port: 9200
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
cluster.name: gas
node.name: master
node.master: true
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.114.100","192.168.114.110","192.168.114.120"]

##################### slave1配置 #######################
network.host: 192.168.114.110
http.port: 9200
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
cluster.name: gas
node.name: slave1
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.114.100","192.168.114.110","192.168.114.120"]

##################### slave2配置 #######################
network.host: 192.168.114.120
http.port: 9200
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
cluster.name: gas
node.name: slave2
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.114.100","192.168.114.110","192.168.114.120"]

若是伪分布式，则指定不同的http.port，discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts只配置一项IP即可。依次用子账户启动三台ES。

2019022301.png

二、基本API操作

3.1 创建索引

2019022302.png


2019022303.png

2019022304.png

创建结构化索引

PUT http://192.168.114.100:9200/person

{
    "settings": {
        "number_of_shards": 3,
        "number_of_replicas": 1
    },
    "mappings": {
        "person": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "age": {
                    "type": "integer"
                },
                "birthday": {
                    "type": "date",
                    "format": "yyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
                },
                "country": {
                    "type": "keyword"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

注：
text：会分词，然后进行索引
       支持模糊、精确查询
       不支持聚合
keyword：不进行分词，直接索引
       支持模糊、精确查询
       支持聚合

常用的参数类型定义&赋值demo

类型	参数定义	赋值
text	"name":{"type":"text"}	"name": "zhangsan"
keyword	"tags":{"type":"keyword"}	"tags": "abc"
date	"date":{"type": "date"}	"date":"2015-01-01T12:10:30Z"
long	"age":{"type":"long"}	"age" :28
double	"score":{"type":"double"}	"score":98.8
boolean	"isgirl": { "type": "boolean" }	"isgirl" :true
ip	"ip_addr":{"type":"ip"}	"ip_addr": "192.168.1.1"
geo_point	"location": {"type":"geo_point"}	"location":{"lat":40.12,"lon":-71.34}

3.2 文档操作

【插入文档】
PUT http://192.168.114.100:9200/person/person/1
{
                "name" : "张飞",
                "age" : 20,
                "birthday" : "1998-02-02",
                "country" : "大汉"
 }
或者 POST http://192.168.114.100:9200/person/person
{
                "name" : "刘备",
                "age" : 24,
                "birthday" : "1994-02-02",
                "country" : "大汉"
 }
POST不用指定文档id，会自行生成唯一字符串

2019022501.jpg

【修改文档】
可以直接PUT指定对应的文档ID替换那条数据，
也可以
POST http://192.168.114.100:9200/person/person/1/_update
{
            "doc":{
                "name":"关二爷"
            }
}

【删除文档】
DELETE http://192.168.114.100:9200/person/person/1
删除索引，同时也会把所有文档删除
DELETE http://192.168.114.100:9200/person

3.3 查询数据

【简单查询】
 GET http://192.168.114.100:9200/person/person/1
 
 {
  "_index": "person",
  "_type": "person",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 3, // ---该条文档修改的次数
  "_seq_no": 2,
  "_primary_term": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "name": "关二爷",
    "age": 20,
    "birthday": "1998-02-01",
    "country": "大汉"
  }
}

【条件查询】
POST  http://192.168.114.100:9200/person/person/_search
{
                "query":{
                    "match_all":{}
                }
}

{
  "took": 10,  //--- 查询花费时间ms
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 3,
    "successful": 3,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": { //--- hits命中的数据
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "person",
        "_type": "person",
        "_id": "5Tk8ImkB6d7OxUUbp0wf",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "刘备",
          "age": 24,
          "birthday": "1994-02-02",
          "country": "大汉"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "person",
        "_type": "person",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "关二爷",
          "age": 20,
          "birthday": "1998-02-01",
          "country": "大汉"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

【排序分页】
默认排序规则是按_score降序，若查询指定排序规则后，则返回的数据中_score变为null
POST  http://192.168.114.100:9200/person/person/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
     "country": "东吴"  // 包含关键词
  }
    },
    "sort": [{
        "birthday": {
            "order": "desc" // 按生日降序
        }
    }],
    "from": 0, // 从第一条开始
    "size": 10 // 取10条
}

聚合查询会专列一篇博客深入讲解