python飞机大战04-添加图形
1 游戏用到的图片资源
将项目中要用到的图片资源放到‘img’文件夹下，需要的可以在我的github中下载，地址在文章末尾。
1.1 加载图片
from os import path
img_dir = path.join(path.dirname(__file__),'img')
1.2 绘制背景
从加载背景图像开始。在现有的游戏循环和初始化代码之前完成所有资源加载：
# load all game graphics
background = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir,'background1.jpg')).convert()
background_rect = background.get_rect()
在绘制任何精灵之前，在游戏循环的绘图部分绘制背景：
# Render(draw) # 现在还没有确定具体的代码，先用一些基本代码填充，后续再补充
screen.fill(BLACK)
screen.blit(background, background_rect)
all_sprites.draw(screen)
blit 将一个图像的像素绘制到另一个图像的像素上 --- 背景图片绘制到屏幕上。现在背景看起来
更好了：
1.3 精灵图片
为sprite加载图像：
# load all game graphics
background = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, 'background1.jpg')).convert()
background_rect = background.get_rect()
player_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, 'my_plane.png')).convert()
meteor_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, 'enemy.png')).convert()
bullet_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, 'bullet.png')).convert()
从Player开始 - 想要替换那个绿色矩形，所以改变了 self.image ，不要忘记删除 image.fill(GREEN) ：
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = player_img
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
但是，现在看到了一些问题。
- 首先，图像比想象的要大很多。有两个选择：
- 在图形编辑器（Photoshop，GIMP等）中打开图像并调整其大小
- 利用代码调整图像大小。
我们将选择选项2，使用pygame的 transform.scale() 命令使图像大小缩小到50x30像素。
另一个问题是船周围有一个黑色矩形，因为没有设置透明颜色 set_colorkey ：
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(player_img, (60,40))
self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)
Bullet 和 Mob 类似的做法，最终：
整合到一起
# Shmup game - part 4
# shmup.py
# Adding graphics
import pygame
import random
from os import path
img_dir = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'img')
WIDTH = 512 # width of our game window
HEIGHT = 768 # height of our game window
FPS = 60 # 60 frames per second
# Colors(R,G,B),define color
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
# initialize pygame and create windw
pygame.init() # 启动pygame并初始化
pygame.mixer.init() # 声音初始化
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT)) # 游戏屏幕，按照在配置常量中设置的大小创建
pygame.display.set_caption("Shmup!")
icon = pygame.image.load("img/alien.ico")
pygame.display.set_icon(icon)
clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 创建一个时钟以便于确保游戏能以指定的FPS运行
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(player_img, (60,40))
self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx = WIDTH/2
self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT - 10
self.speedx = 0
self.speedy = 0
def update(self):
# any code here will happen every time the game loop updates
self.speedx = 0
self.speedy = 0
keystate = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keystate[pygame.K_LEFT]:
self.speedx = -5
if keystate[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
self.speedx = 5
self.rect.x += self.speedx
if keystate[pygame.K_UP]:
self.speedy = -5
if keystate[pygame.K_DOWN]:
self.speedy = 5
self.rect.y += self.speedy
if self.rect.right > WIDTH:
self.rect.right = WIDTH
if self.rect.left < 0:
self.rect.left = 0
if self.rect.bottom > HEIGHT:
self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT
if self.rect.top < 0:
self.rect.top = 0
def shoot(self):
bullet = Bullet(self.rect.centerx, self.rect.top)
all_sprites.add(bullet)
bullets.add(bullet)
class Mob(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(meteor_img, (32, 32))
self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = random.randrange(WIDTH - self.rect.width)
self.rect.y = random.randrange(-100, -40)
self.speedx = random.randrange(-3, 3)
self.speedy = random.randrange(1, 5)
def update(self):
self.rect.x += self.speedx
self.rect.y += self.speedy
if self.rect.top > HEIGHT + 10 or self.rect.left < -50 or self.rect.right > WIDTH + 20:
self.rect.x = random.randrange(WIDTH - self.rect.width)
self.rect.y = random.randrange(-100, -40)
self.speedy = random.randrange(1, 5)
class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(bullet_img, (48, 48))
self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.bottom = y
self.rect.centerx = x
self.speedy = -8
def update(self):
self.rect.y += self.speedy
# kill if it moves off the top of the screen
if self.rect.bottom < 0:
self.kill()
# load all game graphics
background = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, 'background2.jpg')).convert()
background_rect = background.get_rect()
player_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, 'my_plane.png')).convert()
meteor_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, 'enemy1.png')).convert()
bullet_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, 'bullet.png')).convert()
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
mobs = pygame.sprite.Group()
bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
player = Player()
all_sprites.add(player)
for i in range(8):
m = Mob()
all_sprites.add(m)
mobs.add(m)
# Game Loop
running = True
while running:
# keep loop running at the right speed
clock.tick(FPS)
# Process input(events) # 这是游戏主循环，通过变量running控制，如果需要
for event in pygame.event.get():
# check for closing window
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
player.shoot()
# Update # 游戏结束的话直接将running设为False即可
all_sprites.update()
# check to see if a bullet hit a mob
hits = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(mobs, bullets, True, True)
for hit in hits:
m = Mob()
all_sprites.add(m)
mobs.add(m)
# check to see if a mob hit the player
hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, mobs, False)
if hits:
running = False
# Render(draw) # 现在还没有确定具体的代码，先用一些基本代码填充，后续再补充
screen.fill(BLACK)
screen.blit(background, background_rect)
all_sprites.draw(screen)
# *after* drawing everything,flip the display
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
项目代码可以查看我的github，网址为
alien-invasion
