AWS - 如何使用Cloudformation创建VPC

通常，在一个VPC中我们会创建3种类型的VPC Subnet：

  • Public Subnet
  • NAT Subnet
  • Private Subnet

由于每个子网必须完全位于一个可用区内，并且不能跨越区域。所以，如果我们需要支持多个AZ就需要在不同的AZ上创建相应的子网。

带单个Public Subnet的 VPC

假设，我们要创建如下的VPC网络：
VPC CIDR： 10.0.0.0/22
VPC Public Subnet A: 10.0.0.0/25
VPC Public Subnet B: 10.0.0.128/25

Internet gateway

An internet gateway enables communication over the internet，If a subnet's traffic is routed to an internet gateway, the subnet is known as a public subnet。

AWS-VPC-single-public-subnet.png
Cloudformation YAML
Parameters:
  Project:
    Type: String
  VpcCidr:
    Type: String
    Description: 'VPC CIDR'
  PublicSubnetACidr:
    Type: String
    Description: 'Public-a Subnet CIDR'
  PublicSubnetBCidr:
    Type: String
    Description: 'Public-b Subnet CIDR'

Resources:
########################################
# VPC settings
########################################

  VPC:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::VPC'
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: !Ref VpcCidr
      EnableDnsSupport: true
      EnableDnsHostnames: true
      InstanceTenancy: default
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Ref "AWS::StackName"

########################################
# Internet
########################################

  InternetGateway:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::InternetGateway'
    Properties:
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-internet-gateway"

  VPCGatewayAttachment:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment'
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      InternetGatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway

########################################
# Subnets
########################################

  PublicSubnetA:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet'
    Properties:
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [0, !GetAZs '']
      CidrBlock: !Ref PublicSubnetACidr
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-public-1a"

  PublicSubnetB:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet'
    Properties:
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [1, !GetAZs '']
      CidrBlock: !Ref PublicSubnetBCidr
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-public-1b"

########################################
# Route
########################################

 PublicRouteTable:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::RouteTable'
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-public"

  PublicInternetRouteTableEntry:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Route'
    Properties:
      GatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: '0.0.0.0/0'

  RouteTableAssociationAPublic:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation'
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnetA
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable

  RouteTableAssociationBPublic:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation'
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnetB
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable

VPC with Public and NAT Subnets

NAT Gateways

You can use a network address translation (NAT) gateway to enable instances in a private subnet to connect to the internet or other AWS services but prevent the internet from initiating a connection with those instances.

NAT Gateway Basics

To create a NAT gateway, you must specify the public subnet in which the NAT gateway should reside.

You must also specify an Elastic IP address to associate with the NAT gateway when you create it. The Elastic IP address cannot be changed once you associate it with the NAT Gateway. After you've created a NAT gateway, you must update the route table associated with one or more of your private subnets to point Internet-bound traffic to the NAT gateway. This enables instances in your private subnets to communicate with the internet.

Each NAT gateway is created in a specific Availability Zone and implemented with redundancy in that zone.

Parameters:
  Project:
    Type: String
  VpcCidr:
    Type: String
    Description: 'VPC CIDR'
  PublicSubnetACidr:
    Type: String
    Description: 'Public-a Subnet CIDR'
  PublicSubnetBCidr:
    Type: String
    Description: 'Public-b Subnet CIDR'
  NatSubnetACidr:
    Type: String
    Description: 'NAT-a Subnet CIDR'
  NatSubnetBCidr:
    Type: String
    Description: 'NAT-b Subnet CIDR'

Resources:
########################################
# VPC settings
########################################

  VPC:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::VPC'
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: !Ref VpcCidr
      EnableDnsSupport: true
      EnableDnsHostnames: true
      InstanceTenancy: default
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Ref "AWS::StackName"

########################################
# Internet
########################################

  InternetGateway:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::InternetGateway'
    Properties:
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-internet-gateway"

  VPCGatewayAttachment:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment'
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      InternetGatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway

########################################
# Subnets
########################################

  PublicSubnetA:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet'
    Properties:
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [0, !GetAZs '']
      CidrBlock: !Ref PublicSubnetACidr
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-public-1a"

  PublicSubnetB:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet'
    Properties:
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [1, !GetAZs '']
      CidrBlock: !Ref PublicSubnetBCidr
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-public-1b"

 NatSubnetA:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet'
    Properties:
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [0, !GetAZs '']
      CidrBlock: !Ref NatSubnetACidr
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-nat-1a"

  NatSubnetB:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet'
    Properties:
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [1, !GetAZs '']
      CidrBlock: !Ref NatSubnetBCidr
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-nat-1b"

########################################
# NAT Gateways
########################################

  NatAEIP:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::EIP'
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc

  NatGatewayA:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::NatGateway'
    Properties:
      AllocationId: !GetAtt 'NatAEIP.AllocationId'
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnetA
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-nat-gateway-a"

  NatBEIP:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::EIP'
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc

  NatGatewayB:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::NatGateway'
    Properties:
      AllocationId: !GetAtt 'NatBEIP.AllocationId'
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnetB
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-nat-gateway-b"

########################################
# Route
########################################

 PublicRouteTable:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::RouteTable'
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-public"

  PublicInternetRouteTableEntry:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Route'
    Properties:
      GatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: '0.0.0.0/0'

  RouteTableAssociationAPublic:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation'
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnetA
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable

  RouteTableAssociationBPublic:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation'
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnetB
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable

  NatRouteTableA:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::RouteTable'
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-nat-a"

  NatRouteTableAEntry:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Route'
    Properties:
      NatGatewayId: !Ref NatGatewayA
      RouteTableId: !Ref NatRouteTableA
      DestinationCidrBlock: '0.0.0.0/0'

  NatRouteTableB:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::RouteTable'
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Sub "${Project}-nat-b"

  NatRouteTableBEntry:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Route'
    Properties:
      NatGatewayId: !Ref NatGatewayB
      RouteTableId: !Ref NatRouteTableB
      DestinationCidrBlock: '0.0.0.0/0'

  RouteTableAssociationNatA:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation'
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref NatSubnetA
      RouteTableId: !Ref NatRouteTableA

  RouteTableAssociationNatB:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation'
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref NatSubnetB
      RouteTableId: !Ref NatRouteTableB
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