AUTOSAR(AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is a worldwide development partnership ofautomotiveinterested parties founded in 2003。
汽车开发系统架构是由相关汽车行业组织于2003年建立的一套世界性开发架构。
It pursues the objective of creating and establishing an open and standardizedsoftware architecturefor automotiveelectronic control units(ECUs) excluding infotainment。
它所实现的目的就是创建和建立一种汽车电子控制单元的开发和标准化的软件架构不包括娱乐信息。
Goals include thescalabilityto different vehicle and platform variants, transferability of software, the consideration of availability and safety requirements, a collaboration between various partners, sustainable utilization of natural resources, and maintainability throughout the whole "Product Life Cycle"
目标包括不同车辆和平台的可延展性，软件的可兼容性，可用性和安全性需求的考虑，不同合作伙伴的协作性，自然资源的可利用性，整个产品生命周期的可维护性。
History（发展历史）
The AUTOSAR development partnership was formed in July 2003 by BMW,Bosch,Continental,DaimlerChrysler,Siemens VDOandVolkswagento develop and establish an open industry standard for automotive E/E architecture. In November 2003,Ford Motor Companyjoined as a Core Partner, and in DecemberPeugeot Citroën Automobiles S.A.andToyota Motor Corporationjoined. The following NovemberGeneral Motorsalsobecame a Core Partner. After Siemens VDO was acquired by Continental inFebruary 2008, it ceased being a self-contained Core Partner of AUTOSAR.
2003年7月，由宝马、博世、大陆、戴姆勒-克莱斯勒、西门子VDO和大众联合成立AUTOSAR发展联盟，为汽车E/E架构建立了一种开放式的行业标准。
2003年11月，福特公司作为核心伙伴加入，12月标致雪铁龙和丰田汽车加入。接下来的11月通用汽车也作为核心伙伴加入。自从西门子VDO被大陆在2008年2月收购后，它就不再作为AUTOSAR的独立核心伙伴。
Since2003, AUTOSAR has provided four major releases of the standardized automotivesoftware architecture and one release of Acceptance Tests. The work of AUTOSARcan be divided into three phases:
自从2003年以来，AUTOSAR已经提供了四种主要的汽车软件标准体系版本和一种可接受测试版本。AUTOSAR的工作可以分为三种阶段。
Phase I(2004-2006): Basic development of the standard (Releases 1.0, 2.0 and 2.1)
第一阶段（2004-2006）：标准基本开发时期（版本1.0.2.0和2.1）
Phase II(2007-2009): Extension of the standard in terms of architecture and methodology(Releases 3.0, 3.1 and 4.0)
第二阶段（2007-2009）：体系和方法相关方面扩展（版本3.0，3.1和4.0）
PhaseIII (2010-2013): Maintenance and selected improvements (Releases 3.2, 4.1 and4.2)
第三阶段（2010-2013）：可维护性和可选择性的改进（版本3.2，4.1和4.2）
In 2013,the AUTOSAR consortium entered a continuous working mode to maintain thestandard and provide selected improvements (including the release R4.2 as wellas Release 1.0 of Acceptance Tests).
在2013年，AUTOSAR联盟进入一种持续改进模式，主要用来维持标准和提供所选择的改进（包括版本4.2和1.0的测试验收版）
Concept and goals（概念和目标）
AUTOSAR provides a set of specifications that describes basic software modules, defines application interfaces and builds a common development methodology based on standardized exchange format. Basic software modules made available by the AUTOSAR layered software architecture can be used in vehicles of different manufacturers and electronic components of different suppliers, thereby reducing expenditures forresearch and developmentand mastering the growingcomplexity of automotive electronic and software architectures. Based on thisguiding principle, AUTOSAR has been devised to pave the way for innovativeelectronic systems that further improve performance, safety and environmentalfriendliness and to facilitate the exchange and update of software and hardwareover the service life of the vehicle. It aims to be prepared for the upcomingtechnologies and to improve cost-efficiency without making any compromise withrespect to quality.
AUTOSAR提供一组描述基本软件模块的规范，定义应用层接口，并基于标准交互模式建立一种通用开发方法。由AUTOSAR分层软件结构组成的基本软件模块可以应用于不同汽车制造商和不同供应商的电子零部件，从而减少研发费用和掌握汽车电子软件架构的复杂性。基于这一原则，AUTOSAR已经被用于设计为创新电子系统铺平道路，从而进一步提高性能、安全和环境友好型，并促进在车辆的服务周期内软件和硬件的交互和更新。它的目标就是为即将到来的技术做储备，并在不影响质量的前提下提高成本效率。
Software architecture（软件架构）
AUTOSAR uses athree-layered architecture:
AUTOSAR使用三层架构：
·Basic Software: standardizedsoftware modules(mostly) without any functional jobitself that offers services necessary to run the functional part of the uppersoftware layer.
基本软件：标准软件模块（大部分）本身没有任何功能但提供了上层软件功能所需的服务。
·Runtime environment:Middleware which abstracts from the
networktopologyfor the inter- and intra-ECUinformation exchange between the application software components and betweenthe Basic Software and the applications.
运行环境：中间层从网络拓扑和应用层软件部件及基本软件应用提取ECU交换信息
·ApplicationLayer:application software components that interact with the runtime environment.
应用层：应用软件组件与运行环境相互作用
The AUTOSAR Methodology（AUTOSAR方法）
·SystemConfiguration Description includes all system information and the informationthat must be agreed between different ECUs
系统配置信息包括所有系统信息和在不同ECU之间达成的信息
·ECUextract: is the information from the System Configuration Description neededfor a specific ECU
ECU提取：从系统配置描述中提取的信息，对于特定ECU
·ECU
Configuration Description: contains all basic software configuration information that is local to a specific ECU. The executable software can be built from this information, the code of the basic software modules and the code of the software components.
ECU配置描述：包含所有从本地到特定ECU的所有软件配置信息。可执行软件可以由这些信息、基本软件模块代码和软件部件代码共同构建。
Acceptance Tests（验证测试）
In 2014, AUTOSAR Acceptance Tests were introduced to minimize test effort and test costs. Acceptance Test Specifications are system test specifications with interfaces to the application and the bus. The specification of standard acceptance tests contribute to these objectives。
2014年，AUTOSAR验证测试被引入，用来减少测试工作和测试成本。验证测试规范是用于应用程序和总线接口的系统测试规范。标准验收测试规范有助于实现这些目标。
Standardized Application Interfaces（标准应用接口）
Standardization of functional interfaces acrossmanufacturers and suppliers and standardization of the interfaces between thedifferent software layers is seen as a basis for achieving the technical goalsof AUTOSAR.
制造商和供应商功能接口标准化和不同软件层接口标准化被认为是AUROSAR技术目标的基础。
Organization（组织）
Membership of AUTOSAR is separated in four differenttypes. The contribution of partners varies depending on the type ofpartnership:
AUTOSAR成员分为四种类型。合作伙伴的贡献取决于合作伙伴的类型。
·CorePartners
核心合作伙伴
·Premium
Partners
高级合作伙伴
·AssociatePartners
联系合作伙伴
·DevelopmentPartners
发展合作伙伴
Core Partners include the founding partnersBMW, Bosch, Continental, Daimler AG, Ford, General Motors, PSA Peugeot Citroën,Toyota and Volkswagen. These companies are responsible for organization,administration and control of the AUTOSAR development partnership. Within thiscore, the Executive Board defines the overall strategy and roadmap. TheSteering Committee manages day-to-day non-technical operations and admission ofpartners, public relations and contractual issues. A spokesperson, appointedfor nine month and supported by a Deputy Spokesperson, communicates withthe outside world.
核心合作伙伴包括宝马、博世、欧洲大陆、戴姆勒、福特、通用汽车、标致雪铁龙、丰田(Toyota)和大众等。这些公司负责组织、管理和控制AUTOSAR发展伙伴关系。在这个核心中，执行委员会定义了总体策略和路线图。指导委员会管理日常的非技术操作和合作伙伴、公共关系和合同问题。一名发言人被任命为9个月，并由一名副发言人支持，并与外界沟通。
Premium and Development members contribute towork packages coordinated and monitored by the Project Leader Team establishedby the Core Partners.
As of January 2015, more than 180 companiesparticipate in the AUTOSAR development partnership.
高级和开发伙伴促成工作包的协调并由核心合作版本建立的项目领导团队监控。‘
截至2015年1月，有180多家公司已经加入了AUTOSAR发展合作伙伴。
