Miniconda 是一个轻量级的 Anaconda 版本，它是 Anaconda 的一个最小安装，仅包含 Conda 包管理器和 Python 解释器。
功能类似 pipenv，方便使用不同版本的 python，学习成本也比较低。
安装
Miniconda — miniconda documentation
conda on WSL （官方文档安装在了用户家目录下 ~/miniconda3, 我安装在了 /opt/miniconda3 目录下）
$ sudo mkdir -p /opt/miniconda3
$ cd /opt
$ wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O ./miniconda3/miniconda.sh
$ bash ./miniconda3/miniconda.sh -b -u -p ./miniconda3
PREFIX=/opt/miniconda3
Unpacking payload ...
Installing base environment...
Downloading and Extracting Packages
Downloading and Extracting Packages
Preparing transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
installation finished.
$ /opt/miniconda3/bin/conda init zsh
no change /opt/miniconda3/condabin/conda
no change /opt/miniconda3/bin/conda
no change /opt/miniconda3/bin/conda-env
no change /opt/miniconda3/bin/activate
no change /opt/miniconda3/bin/deactivate
no change /opt/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change /opt/miniconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change /opt/miniconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change /opt/miniconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change /opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change /opt/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified /home/edaizen/.zshrc
==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==
重新登录WSL，检查conda 安装的版本
$ conda --version
conda 23.10.0
(base)
$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base * /opt/miniconda3
(base)
Creating Conda Environments
核心命令
conda create -n <env_name> python=<version>
例子，python=3.10以上
$ conda create -n chatglm3-demo python=3.10
Channels:
- defaults
Platform: linux-64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /opt/miniconda3/envs/chatglm3-demo
added / updated specs:
- python=3.10
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
pip-23.3 | py310h06a4308_0 2.7 MB
python-3.10.13 | h955ad1f_0 26.8 MB
setuptools-68.0.0 | py310h06a4308_0 936 KB
wheel-0.41.2 | py310h06a4308_0 109 KB
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 30.5 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
_libgcc_mutex pkgs/main/linux-64::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-main
_openmp_mutex pkgs/main/linux-64::_openmp_mutex-5.1-1_gnu
bzip2 pkgs/main/linux-64::bzip2-1.0.8-h7b6447c_0
ca-certificates pkgs/main/linux-64::ca-certificates-2023.08.22-h06a4308_0
ld_impl_linux-64 pkgs/main/linux-64::ld_impl_linux-64-2.38-h1181459_1
libffi pkgs/main/linux-64::libffi-3.4.4-h6a678d5_0
libgcc-ng pkgs/main/linux-64::libgcc-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libgomp pkgs/main/linux-64::libgomp-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libstdcxx-ng pkgs/main/linux-64::libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libuuid pkgs/main/linux-64::libuuid-1.41.5-h5eee18b_0
ncurses pkgs/main/linux-64::ncurses-6.4-h6a678d5_0
openssl pkgs/main/linux-64::openssl-3.0.12-h7f8727e_0
pip pkgs/main/linux-64::pip-23.3-py310h06a4308_0
python pkgs/main/linux-64::python-3.10.13-h955ad1f_0
readline pkgs/main/linux-64::readline-8.2-h5eee18b_0
setuptools pkgs/main/linux-64::setuptools-68.0.0-py310h06a4308_0
sqlite pkgs/main/linux-64::sqlite-3.41.2-h5eee18b_0
tk pkgs/main/linux-64::tk-8.6.12-h1ccaba5_0
tzdata pkgs/main/noarch::tzdata-2023c-h04d1e81_0
wheel pkgs/main/linux-64::wheel-0.41.2-py310h06a4308_0
xz pkgs/main/linux-64::xz-5.4.2-h5eee18b_0
zlib pkgs/main/linux-64::zlib-1.2.13-h5eee18b_0
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages:
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
# $ conda activate chatglm3-demo
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
# $ conda deactivate
(base)
验证
检查不同环境下的 python 版本。
$ which python
/usr/bin/python # 系统自带版本
$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base /opt/miniconda3
chatglm3-demo /opt/miniconda3/envs/chatglm3-demo
$ conda activate chatglm3-demo
(chatglm3-demo)
$ python --version
Python 3.10.13
(chatglm3-demo)
$ which python
/opt/miniconda3/envs/chatglm3-demo/bin/python
(chatglm3-demo)
$ conda activate base
(base)
$ python --version
Python 3.11.5
(base)
$ which python
/opt/miniconda3/bin/python
(base)
$ conda deactivate # 退出 base 环境，退到了上一个环境 chatglm3-demo
(chatglm3-demo)
$ conda deactivate # 再来一次， 从 base 环境退出，回到了没有 conda 配置的环境
# 删除一个环境
$ conda env remove -n chatglm3-demo
Remove all packages in environment /opt/miniconda3/envs/chatglm3-demo:
Useful Miniconda Commands¶
Obtain help on using conda with conda -h or `conda -h.
$ conda config ⟸ Creates a ~/.condarc file the first time it is run.
$ conda config --show-sources ⟸ Shows the channels that provide the packages.
$ conda info ⟸ Display information about current conda install.
$ conda env list ⟸ Lists your conda environments.
$ conda list ⟸ Lists installed Python modules.
$ conda list --export ⟸ Save package list for future use.
$ conda clean -all ⟸ Remove cache files.
