1. Request与Response
1.1 Request
REST framework 传入视图的request对象不再是Django默认的HttpRequest对象，而是REST framework提供的扩展了HttpRequest类的Request类的对象。
REST framework 提供了Parser解析器，在接收到请求后会自动根据Content-Type指明的请求数据类型（如JSON、表单等）将请求数据进行parse解析，解析为类字典对象保存到Request对象中。
Request对象的数据是自动根据前端发送数据的格式进行解析之后的结果。
无论前端发送的哪种格式的数据，我们都可以以统一的方式读取数据。
常用属性
1）.data
request.data 返回解析之后的请求体数据。类似于Django中标准的request.POST和 request.FILES属性，但提供如下特性：
包含了解析之后的文件和非文件数据
包含了对POST、PUT、PATCH请求方式解析后的数据
利用了REST framework的parsers解析器，不仅支持表单类型数据，也支持JSON数据
2）.query_params
request.query_params与Django标准的request.GET相同，只是更换了更正确的名称而已。
1.2 Response
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n21" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">rest_framework.response.Response</pre>
REST framework提供了一个响应类Response，使用该类构造响应对象时，响应的具体数据内容会被转换（render渲染）成符合前端需求的类型。
REST framework提供了Renderer 渲染器，用来根据请求头中的Accept（接收数据类型声明）来自动转换响应数据到对应格式。如果前端请求中未进行Accept声明，则会采用默认方式处理响应数据，我们可以通过配置来修改默认响应格式。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n24" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ( # 默认响应渲染类
'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', # json渲染器
'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', # 浏览API渲染器
)
}</pre>
1.2.1 构造方式
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n26" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Response(data, status=None, template_name=None, headers=None, content_type=None)</pre>
data数据不要是render处理之后的数据，只需传递python的内建类型数据即可，REST framework会使用renderer渲染器处理data。
data不能是复杂结构的数据，如Django的模型类对象，对于这样的数据我们可以使用Serializer序列化器序列化处理后（转为了Python字典类型）再传递给data参数。
参数说明：
data: 为响应准备的序列化处理后的数据；status: 状态码，默认200；template_name: 模板名称，如果使用HTMLRenderer时需指明；headers: 用于存放响应头信息的字典；content_type: 响应数据的Content-Type，通常此参数无需传递，REST framework会根据前端所需类型数据来设置该参数。
常用属性：
1）.data
传给response对象的序列化后，但尚未render处理的数据
2）.status_code
状态码的数字
3）.content
经过render处理后的响应数据
1.3 状态码
为了方便设置状态码，REST framewrok在rest_framework.status模块中提供了常用状态码常量。
1.3.1 信息告知 - 1xx
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n52" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HTTP_100_CONTINUE
HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS</pre>
1.3.2 成功 - 2xx
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n54" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HTTP_200_OK
HTTP_201_CREATED
HTTP_202_ACCEPTED
HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION
HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT
HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT
HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT
HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS</pre>
1.3.3 重定向 - 3xx
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n56" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES
HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY
HTTP_302_FOUND
HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER
HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED
HTTP_305_USE_PROXY
HTTP_306_RESERVED
HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT</pre>
1.3.4 客户端错误 - 4xx
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n58" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED
HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE
HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED
HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT
HTTP_409_CONFLICT
HTTP_410_GONE
HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED
HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED
HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE
HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG
HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE
HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE
HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED
HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY
HTTP_423_LOCKED
HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY
HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED
HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS
HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE
HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS</pre>
1.3.5 服务器错误 - 5xx
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n60" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY
HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT
HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED
HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE
HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED</pre>
2. 视图说明
2.1 两个基类
2.1.1 APIView
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n65" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">rest_framework.views.APIView</pre>
APIView是REST framework提供的所有视图的基类，继承自Django的View父类。
APIView与View的不同之处在于：
传入到视图方法中的是REST framework的
Request对象，而不是Django的HttpRequeset对象；视图方法可以返回REST framework的
Response对象，视图会为响应数据设置（render）符合前端要求的格式；任何
APIException异常都会被捕获到，并且处理成合适的响应信息；在进行dispatch()分发前，会对请求进行身份认证、权限检查、流量控制。
支持定义的属性：
authentication_classes 列表或元祖，身份认证类
permissoin_classes 列表或元祖，权限检查类
throttle_classes 列表或元祖，流量控制类
在APIView中仍以常规的类视图定义方法来实现get() 、post() 或者其他请求方式的方法。
使用APIView实现增删改查所有图书
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n87" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework import serializers, status
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
"""以下是继承APIView的视图"""
class BookListAPIView(APIView):
"""列表视图"""
def get(self, request):
"""查询所有图书接口"""
# 1.查询所有图书接口
qs = BookInfo.objects.all()
# 2.序列化数据，把模型对象转换成字典
serializer = BookInfoSerializer(instance=qs, many=True)
# print(serializer.data)
# response = Response(serializer.data)
# print(response.data) # 响应对象未渲染处理的数据
# # print(response.content) # 处理后要响应给前端的数据
# return response
# 3.响应
return Response(serializer.data)
def post(self, request):
"""新增图书接口"""
# 获取前端传入的请求体数据
data = request.data
# 创建序列化器进行反序列化
serializer = BookInfoSerializer(data=data)
# 调用序列化器的is_valid方法进行校验
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# 调用序列化器的save方法进行执行create方法
serializer.save()
# 响应
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
class BookDetailAPIView(APIView):
"""详情视图"""
def get(self, request, pk):
# 查询pk指定的模型对象
try:
book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk)
except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
# 创建序列化器进行序列化
serializer = BookInfoSerializer(instance=book)
# 响应
return Response(serializer.data)
def put(self, request, pk):
"""修改指定某个图书接口"""
# 查询pk所指定的模型对象
try:
book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk)
except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
# 获取前端传入的请求体数据
# 创建序列化器进行反序列化
serializer = BookInfoSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
# 校验
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# save--->update
serializer.save()
# 响应
return Response(serializer.data)
def delete(self, request, pk):
# 查询pk所指定的模型对象
try:
book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk)
except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
# 删除模型对象
book.delete()
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
# path('books/', views.BookListAPIView.as_view()),
#re_path(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)//pre>, views.BookDetailAPIView.as_view())
</pre>
2.1.2 GenericAPIView
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n90" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">rest_framework.generics.GenericAPIView</pre>
继承自APIVIew，增加了对于列表视图和详情视图可能用到的通用支持方法。通常使用时，可搭配一个或多个Mixin扩展类。
支持定义的属性：
-
列表视图与详情视图通用：
queryset 列表视图的查询集
serializer_class 视图使用的序列化器
-
列表视图使用：
pagination_class 分页控制类
filter_backends 过滤控制后端
-
详情页视图使用：
lookup_field 查询单一数据库对象时使用的条件字段，默认为'
pk'lookup_url_kwarg 查询单一数据时URL中的参数关键字名称，默认与look_field相同
提供的方法：
-
列表视图与详情视图通用：
-
get_queryset(self)
返回视图使用的查询集，是列表视图与详情视图获取数据的基础，默认返回
queryset属性，可以重写，例如：<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n123" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit;">def get_queryset(self):
user = self.request.user
return user.accounts.all()</pre> -
get_serializer_class(self)
返回序列化器类，默认返回
serializer_class，可以重写，例如：<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n127" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit;">def get_serializer_class(self):
if self.request.user.is_staff:
return FullAccountSerializer
return BasicAccountSerializer</pre> -
get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs)
返回序列化器对象，被其他视图或扩展类使用，如果我们在视图中想要获取序列化器对象，可以直接调用此方法。
注意，在提供序列化器对象的时候，REST framework会向对象的context属性补充三个数据：request、format、view，这三个数据对象可以在定义序列化器时使用。
-
-
详情视图使用：
-
get_object(self) 返回详情视图所需的模型类数据对象，默认使用
lookup_field参数来过滤queryset。 在试图中可以调用该方法获取详情信息的模型类对象。若详情访问的模型类对象不存在，会返回404。
该方法会默认使用APIView提供的check_object_permissions方法检查当前对象是否有权限被访问。
-
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n140" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># GenericView
# path('books/',views.BookListGenericView.as_view()),
# re_path(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)//pre>, views.BookDetailGenericView.as_view()),
class BookListGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
"""
列表视图
queryset = None -- 指定使用的查询集---
serializer_class = None --- 指定序列化器
"""
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializers
def get(self,request):
# 1 获取查询集中的数据
qs = self.get_queryset()
# 把这个查询出来的数据--- 模型类对象-- 转化为字典--序列化器
ser = self.get_serializer(qs,many=True)
# 响应 --- 序列化后的数据
return Response(ser.data,status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
def post(self,request):
# 添加数据
# 获取数据--- DRF-- 获取数据是在request.data里面--字典类型
# print(request)
data = request.data
# 把这个查询出来的数据--- 模型类对象-- 转化为字典--序列化器
ser = self.get_serializer(data=data)
# 验证 is_valid() raise_exception= 输出验证错误的信息
ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# 保存--- save() -- 序列化器中 ModelSerializer 提供了添加的方法
# ser.create()
ser.save()
# 响应
# return JsonResponse(data=) validated_data--验证通过后的数据 - 他是字典--没有保存在模型类里面的
# 我们要的是模型类对象中的数据 --- 序列化后的数据
# 返回的是序列化后的数据 data--- 序列化后的数据 -- 从模型类中获取字段然后进行序列化转化为字典
return Response(data=ser.data)
class BookDetailGenericView(GenericAPIView):
"""详情视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoModelSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
def get(self, request, pk):
book = self.get_object() # queryset.get(self.kwargs)
serializer = self.get_serializer(book)
return Response(serializer.data)
def put(self, request, pk):
book = self.get_object()
serializer = self.get_serializer(book, request.data)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data)
def delete(self, request, pk):
# 查询pk所指定的模型对象
try:
book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk)
except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
# 删除模型对象
book.delete()
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
class BookInfoDetailGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
"""
详情视图
"""
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializers
def delete(self,request,pk):
# 删除是不需要进行序列的操作 ---直接给模型类
# # 查询 --判断是否存在
# try:
# book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk)
# except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
# return Response(data={"error": '查询数据不存在！'}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
#
# # 执行删除方法
book = self.get_object() # ---queryset
book.delete()
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)</pre>
2.1.3 五个扩展类
2.1.3.1 ListModelMixin
使用from rest_framework.mixins，ctrl+点击mixins可以看到五大类数据
列表视图扩展类，提供list(request, *args, **kwargs)方法快速实现列表视图，返回200状态码。
该Mixin的list方法会对数据进行过滤和分页。
源代码：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n147" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class ListModelMixin(object):
"""
List a queryset.
"""
def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 过滤
queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())
# 分页
page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)
# 如果没有输分页数据
if page is not None:
serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)
return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)
# 序列化
serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n149" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin
class BookListView(ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
"""列表视图"""
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
def get(self, request):
return self.list(request)
列表视图扩展类
# path('book/',views.BookListModelMixinView.as_view()), </pre>
2.1.3.2 CreateModelMixin
创建视图扩展类，提供create(request, *args, **kwargs)方法快速实现创建资源的视图，成功返回201状态码。
如果序列化器对前端发送的数据验证失败，返回400错误。
源代码：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n154" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class CreateModelMixin(object):
"""
Create a model instance.
"""
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取序列化器
serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
# 验证
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# 保存
self.perform_create(serializer)
headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save()
def get_success_headers(self, data):
try:
return {'Location': str(data[api_settings.URL_FIELD_NAME])}
except (TypeError, KeyError):
return {}</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n156" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin
class BookListGenericView(CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
"""列表视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoModelSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
def get(self, request):
return self.list(request)
def post(self, request):
return self.create(request)
创建视图扩展类
# path('book/', views.BookListCreateModelMixinView.as_view()), </pre>
2.1.3.3 RetrieveModelMixin
详情视图扩展类，提供retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)方法，可以快速实现返回一个存在的数据对象。
如果存在，返回200， 否则返回404。
源代码：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n162" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class RetrieveModelMixin(object):
"""
Retrieve a model instance.
"""
def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取对象，会检查对象的权限
instance = self.get_object()
# 序列化
serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
return Response(serializer.data)</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n164" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin
class BookDetailView(RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
"""详情视图"""
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
def get(self, request, pk):
return self.retrieve(request)
# 详情视图扩展类
re_path(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)//pre>,views.BookDetailView.as_view()),</pre>
2.1.3.4 UpdateModelMixin
更新视图扩展类，提供update(request, *args, **kwargs)方法，可以快速实现更新一个存在的数据对象。
同时也提供partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)方法，可以实现局部更新。
成功返回200，序列化器校验数据失败时，返回400错误。
源代码：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n170" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class UpdateModelMixin(object):
"""
Update a model instance.
"""
def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
partial = kwargs.pop('partial', False)
instance = self.get_object()
serializer = self.get_serializer(instance, data=request.data, partial=partial)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
self.perform_update(serializer)
if getattr(instance, '_prefetched_objects_cache', None):
# If 'prefetch_related' has been applied to a queryset, we need to
# forcibly invalidate the prefetch cache on the instance.
instance._prefetched_objects_cache = {}
return Response(serializer.data)
def perform_update(self, serializer):
serializer.save()
def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
kwargs['partial'] = True
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n172" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin
class BookDetailGenericView(UpdateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
"""详情视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
def get(self, request, pk):
return self.retrieve(request, pk)
def put(self, request, pk):
return self.update(request, pk)</pre>
2.1.3.5 DestroyModelMixin
删除视图扩展类，提供destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)方法，可以快速实现删除一个存在的数据对象。
成功返回204，不存在返回404。
源代码：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n178" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class DestroyModelMixin(object):
"""
Destroy a model instance.
"""
def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
instance = self.get_object()
self.perform_destroy(instance)
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
def perform_destroy(self, instance):
instance.delete()</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n180" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin
class BookDetailGenericView(UpdateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
"""详情视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
def get(self, request, pk):
return self.retrieve(request, pk)
def put(self, request, pk):
return self.update(request, pk)
def delete(self, request, pk):
return self.delete(request, pk)</pre>
2.1.4 几个可用的子类视图
2.1.4.1 CreateAPIView
提供 post 方法
继承自： GenericAPIView、CreateModelMixin
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n185" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class CreateAPIView(mixins.CreateModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for creating a model instance.
"""
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n187" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView, CreateAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin
class BookListGenericView(CreateAPIView, ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
"""列表视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
def get(self, request):
return self.list(request)</pre>
注意：因为父类已经有post方法了，子类继承父类的post方法，所以子类不用写post方法了
2.1.4.2 ListAPIView
提供 get 方法
继承自：GenericAPIView、ListModelMixin
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n192" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for listing a queryset.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n194" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, ListAPIView
class BookListGenericView(CreateAPIView, ListAPIView):
"""列表视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()</pre>
注意：因为父类已经有get方法了，子类继承父类的get方法，所以子类不用写get方法了
问题：我是不是再看源简化，把两个继承类换成一个呢？
2.1.4.3 ListCreateAPIView
提供get,post方法
继承自ListModelMixin，CreateModelMixin，GenericAPIView
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n202" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for listing a queryset or creating a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n204" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView
class BookListGenericView(ListCreateAPIView):
"""列表视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()</pre>
2.1.4.4 RetireveAPIView
提供 get 方法
继承自: GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n208" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class RetrieveAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for retrieving a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n210" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.mixins import UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView
class BookDetailGenericView(UpdateModelMixin, RetrieveAPIView, DestroyModelMixin):
"""详情视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
def put(self, request, pk):
return self.update(request, pk)
def delete(self, request, pk):
return self.delete(request, pk)</pre>
2.1.4.5 DestoryAPIView
提供 delete 方法
继承自：GenericAPIView、DestoryModelMixin
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n214" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class DestroyAPIView(mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for deleting a model instance.
"""
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n216" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.mixins import UpdateModelMixin
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView
lass BookDetailGenericView(UpdateModelMixin, RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView):
"""详情视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
def put(self, request, pk):
return self.update(request, pk)</pre>
2.1.4.6 UpdateAPIView
提供 put 和 patch 方法
继承自：GenericAPIView、UpdateModelMixin
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n220" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class UpdateAPIView(mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for updating a model instance.
"""
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n222" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView, UpdateAPIView
class BookDetailGenericView(UpdateAPIView, RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView):
"""详情视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()</pre>
2.1.4.7 RetrieveUpdateAPIView
提供 get、put、patch方法
继承自： GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n226" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class RetrieveUpdateAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for retrieving, updating a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n228" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import DestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView
class BookDetailGenericView(RetrieveUpdateAPIView, DestroyAPIView):
"""详情视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()</pre>
2.1.4.8 RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
提供 get、put、patch、delete方法
继承自：GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin、DestoryModelMixin
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n232" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for retrieving, updating or deleting a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
</pre>
举例：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n234" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
lass BookDetailGenericView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
"""详情视图"""
# 指定序列化器类
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 指定查询集'数据来源'
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()</pre>
看视图：鼠标在视图包的上一行=》右键=》倒数第二个的Diagrams=》Diagrams
3. 视图集ViewSet
使用视图集ViewSet，可以将一系列逻辑相关的动作放到一个类中：
GET: list() 提供一组数据
GET: retrieve() 提供单个数据
POST :create() 创建数据
PUT :update() 更新数据
PATCH： partail_update， 更新部分数据
DELETE：destory() 删除数据
ViewSet视图集类不再实现get()、post()等方法，而是实现动作 action 如 list() 、create() 等。
继承自APIView，作用也与APIView基本类似，提供了身份认证、权限校验、流量管理等。
在ViewSet中，没有提供任何动作action方法，需要我们自己实现action方法。
视图集只在使用as_view()方法的时候，才会将action动作与具体请求方式对应上
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n256" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookViewSet(ViewSet):
"""视图集"""
def list(self, request):
qs = BookInfo.objects.all()
serializer = BookInfoModelSerializer(qs, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)
def retrieve(self, request, pk):
try:
book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk)
except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
serializer = BookInfoModelSerializer(book)
return Response(serializer.data)</pre>
在设置路由时，我们可以如下操作
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n258" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> # 视图集
re_path(r'^books//pre>, views.BookViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list'})),
re_path(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)//pre>, views.BookViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve'}))
</pre>
3.1 GenericViewSet
继承自ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView，作用也与GenericAPIVIew类似，提供了get_object、get_queryset等方法便于列表视图与详情信息视图的开发。
3.1.1 ListModelMixin
提供了list方法
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n263" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
class BookViewSet(ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
"""视图集"""
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# def list(self, request):
# qs = self.get_queryset()
# serializer = self.get_serializer(qs, many=True)
# return Response(serializer.data)
def retrieve(self, request, pk):
try:
book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk)
except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
serializer = BookInfoSerializer(book)
return Response(serializer.data)</pre>
3.1.2 RetrieveModelMixin
提供了retrieve方法
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n266" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
class BookViewSet(RetrieveModelMixin, ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
"""视图集"""
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer</pre>
3.2 ReadOnlyModelViewSet
继承自GenericAPIVIew同时还包括了ListModelMixin、RetrieveModelMixin。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n269" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.viewsets import ReadOnlyModelViewSet
class BookViewSet(ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
"""视图集"""
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer</pre>
3.3 ModelViewSet
继承自GenericAPIVIew，同时包括了ListModelMixin、RetrieveModelMixin、CreateModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin、DestoryModelMixin。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n273" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class BookInfoViewSet(ModelViewSet):
"""视图集"""
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer</pre>
在设置路由时，我们可以如下操作
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n275" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from book.views import BookInfoViewSet
方法一：
urlpatterns = [
re_path(r'^books//pre>, views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'list',
'post': 'create'
})),
re_path(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)//pre>, views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'retrieve',
'put': 'update',
'delete': 'destroy'
}))
]
方法二：
或者如下操作
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter()
router = DefaultRouter() # 可以处理视图的路由器
router.register(r'books', views.BookInfoViewSet) # 向路由器中注册视图集
urlpatterns += router.urls # 将路由器中的所以路由信息追到到django的路由列表中</pre>
4.视图集中定义附加action动作
在视图集中，除了上述默认的方法动作外，还可以添加自定义动作。
添加自定义动作需要使用rest_framework.decorators.action装饰器。
以action装饰器装饰的方法名会作为action动作名，与list、retrieve等同。
action装饰器可以接收两个参数：
methods: 该action支持的请求方式，列表传递
-
detail: 表示是action中要处理的是否是视图资源的对象（即是否通过url路径获取主键）
True 表示使用通过URL获取的主键对应的数据对象
False 表示不使用URL获取主键
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n293" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.decorators import action
class BookViewSet(ModelViewSet):
"""视图集"""
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
def latest(self, request):
"""
返回最新的图书信息
"""
book = BookInfo.objects.latest('id') # 获取最后一本书
serializer = self.get_serializer(book)
return Response(serializer.data)
def read(self, request, pk):
"""
修改图书的阅读量数据
"""
book = self.get_object()
book.bread = request.data.get('bread')
book.save()
serializer = self.get_serializer(book)
return Response(serializer.data)</pre>
url的定义：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n295" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">urlpatterns = [
re_path(r'^books//pre>, views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
re_path(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)//pre>,
views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),
# 如果此行为不需要pk，那么它就是列表视图，但是列表视图默认只有list，create
# 如果在增删改查之外额外增加的行为，应该单独定义路由
# 如果不是两个标准的列表视图方法，在原有列表视图路由基础上加上行为，将行为暴露出来
re_path(r'^books/latest//pre>, views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({'get': 'latest'})),
# 如果此行为需要pk，那么它就是详情视图，但是详情视图默认只有retrieve，update，destroy
# 如果不是三个标准的详情视图方法，在原有详情视图路由基础上加上行为，将行为暴露出来
# 为什么不写在pk前面呢？这是因为遵循restful风格
re_path(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/read//pre>, views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({'put': 'read'})),
]</pre>
5.2 视图集中包含附加action的
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n299" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.decorators import action
class BookViewSet(ModelViewSet):
"""视图集"""
queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
# 查询最后一本书 books/latest/ get:latest
# detail为False 表示不需要处理具体的BookInfo对象
@action(methods=['get'], detail=False)
# @action(methods=[指定下面的行为接收什么请求], detail=是不是详情视图如果是不详情视图就是 books/latest)
def latest(self, request):
"""
返回最新的图书信息
"""
book = BookInfo.objects.latest('id') # 获取最后一本书
serializer = self.get_serializer(book)
return Response(serializer.data)
# detail为True，表示要处理具体与pk主键对应的BookInfo对象
# books/pk/read/
@action(methods=['put'], detail=True)
def read(self, request, pk):
"""
修改图书的阅读量数据
"""
book = self.get_object()
book.bread = request.data.get('bread')
book.save()
serializer = self.get_serializer(book)
return Response(serializer.data)
# 视图集中包含附加action的
re_path(r'^books/latest//pre>,views.BookwViewSet.as_view({'get': 'latest'})),
re_path(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/read//pre>,views.BookwViewSet.as_view({'put': 'read'})),
</pre>
此视图集会形成的路由：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n301" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">^books/latest/ name: book-read</pre>
5.2.1 DefaultRouter与SimpleRouter的区别
DefaultRouter与SimpleRouter的区别是，DefaultRouter会多附带一个默认的API根视图，返回一个包含所有列表视图的超链接响应数据。DefaultRouter继承自SimpleRouter
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n305" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
router = DefaultRouter() # 可以处理视图的路由器
router.register(r'books', views.BookInfoViewSet) # 向路由器中注册视图集
urlpatterns += router.urls # 将路由器中的所以路由信息追到到django的路由列表中</pre>
[图片上传失败...(image-720cbd-1718761863899)]
使用SimpleRouter则会报错
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n309" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter() # 可以处理视图的路由器
router.register(r'books', views.BookInfoViewSet) # 向路由器中注册视图集
urlpatterns += router.urls # 将路由器中的所以路由信息追到到django的路由列表中</pre>
