1. 主谓：The sun rises.
2. 主谓宾：I grew up in this small town.
3. 主谓表：The sweater grew dirty.
4. 主谓双宾：She teaches us English.
5. 主谓宾宾补：Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.

1. 实义动词
   (1) 及物动词：后面直接加宾语，并且必须加宾语。比如：accept the idea.
   (2) 不及物动词：后面不能直接加宾语，加了介词以后才能加宾语。比如：I agree with you.

2. 系动词
   (1) 表状态：be 动词，连接主语和表语，无意义，用于构成句子
   (2) 表感官：look，sound，smell，taste，feel，后面只能加形容词
   (3) 表变化：get，become，turn，grow，fall
   (4) 表保持：keep，remain，stay，stand
   (5) 表表象：seem，appear
   (6) 表结果：prove

3. 情态动词
   (1) must：表必须，推测和非要
       {1} You must finish your homework on time.
       {2} These exhibits mustn't be touched.(禁止)
       {3} He has to get up early every morning.(客观)
       {4} Wu must have gone to bed very late, because her eyes are red.
       {5} Must you go out at the midnight?
   (2) can/could：表能力，推测，请求和允许
       {1} I can play basketball but I can't play the piano.
       {2} It can't be her father, because her father has gone abroad.
       {3} I could have become an excellent poet.(本能够，但没有)
       {4} Could you please pass me that bottle of water?
       {5} You can't park your car here.
   (3) shall/should/ought to：表征求意见，推测，应该，许诺和警告
       {1} Qin asked me if she should get her phone back.
       {2} Ought I to hand in my essay right now?
       {3} He ought to be home by now.
       {4} They should have done more research.(本应该，但没有)
       {5} The National Party Congress shall be held every five years.
       {6} The elderly should be respected by their children.
       {7} Every citizen ought to obey the law.
       {8} You shall have your phone next week.
       {9} You shall be punished for what you have done.
   (4) need：表需要和推测
       {1} You needn't say that again.
       {2} Need I hand in my homework today?
       {3} You needn't have shown your love in this way.(不需要，但做了)
   (5) may/might：表祝愿，推测，请求和允许
       {1} May you have a good time.
       {2} Wu is absent, so she might be ill today.
       {3} May I borrow your pen tomorrow?
       {4} I wonder if I might go home now.
   (6) will/would：表征求意见，意愿和习惯
       {1} Would you please open the window?
       {2} I will bring your CD back next week.
       {3} Wu would get up at six o'clock every day.(过去常常，现在不知道)
   (7) used to：表过去常常，但现在不做了
       {1} I used to go to work on foot, but I take a bus now.
       {2} Where did they use to do their homework?
   (8) dare：表敢
       {1} I am afraid you dare not tell him the secret.
       {2} Dare she tell the manager the truth?

4. 助动词
   (1) be：构成进行时和被动语态
       {1} I am studying in America now.
       {2} This project will be finished before next week.
   (2) have/has：构成完成时
       {1} We have finished our work yet.
       {2} We will have finished our work by next week.
   (3) will/would：构成将来时
       {1} I will arrive in Beijing at five o'clock.
       {2} He asked me whether I would take part in his birthday party.
   (4) do/does/did：构成否定和疑问句，强调谓语动词和倒装
       {1} The picture did not show us profound meaning.
       {2} Do you know Lisa well?
       {3} The picture did show us profound meaning.
       {4} Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.

1. 谓语
   (1) 成分：实义动词和系动词
   (2) 常识：一句话中只能有一个动词充当谓语，其他动词都要变成非谓语动词
       {1} Winter approaching, Spring will be around the corner.
       {2} He is a man abandoned.
       {3} My plan is to laugh at those stupid ones.
   (3) 语境：谓语必须有时态和语态

2. 主语
   (1) 成分：名词，非谓语动词和从句
       {1} My job is to teach English.
       {2} Being handsome and strong is his nature.
       {3} What I saw looks attractive.
   (2) 常识：一句话中绝对不能少主语
   (3) 语境：若没有主语，则按照以下方式处理
       {1} 和天气、温度有关系：加 it 作主语
       {2} 变为有句型：there remain/seem/exist
       {3} 变主动为被动：be + 动词过去分词

3. 宾语
   (1) 成分：名词，非谓语动词和从句
       {1} I love math.
       {2} I love singing songs.
       {3} I appreciate what she said.

4. 表语
   (1) 成分：名词，非谓语动词，从句，形容词和介词短语
       {1} I am a singer.
       {2} My dream is to become a poet.
       {3} Gump is who we should admire.
       {4} I am beautiful.
       {5} I am in Hangzhou.