Ⅰ、Vocabulary

1、gnaw  UK[nɔ:]US[nɑ:]

意思：.VERB 动词折磨；使不安If a feeling or thought gnaws at you, it causes you to keep worrying.

原文：Now I'm saying you must write for yourself and not be gnawed by worry over whether the reader is tagging along.

造句：I've beengnawedbyguilt about not replying to her letter yet.

2、sloppy

意思：ADJ-GRADED 马虎的;敷衍的;草率的If you describe someone's work or activities as sloppy, you mean they have been done in a careless and lazy way.

原文：

1、In terms of craft, there's no excuse for losing readers through sloppy workmanship.

2、Sloppy editing is common in newspapers, often for lack of time, and writers who use clichés often work for editors who have seen so many clichés that they no longer even recognize them.

造句：Spelling mistakes always looksloppyin a formal letter.

3、prune

意思：VERB 动词删去；除去；削减If you prune something, you cut out all the parts that you do not need.

原文：Simplify, prune and strive for order.

造句：I felt his essay needed a little pruning.

4、relish

意思：VERB 动词喜爱;玩味;欣赏;品味If you relish something, you get a lot of enjoyment from it.

原文：

1、Or take a writer who is almost White s opposite in terms of style, who relishes the opulent word for its opulence and doesn't deify the simple sentence.

2、I relish (in my ear) the pattern his words make as they fall into a sentence.

造句：She's relishing the prospect of studying in university.

5、rummage

意思：VERB 动词搜寻;翻找;乱翻If you rummage through something, you search for something you want by moving things around in a careless or hurried way.

原文：It saves you the time of rummaging in your brain—that network of overloaded grooves—to find the word that's right on the tip of your tongue, where it doesn't do you any good. 

造句：She rummaged through the drawers, looking for a pen.

这里用rummage形容大脑中存储的表达是杂乱、不成体系的，因此找对字典、用对方法写出合适的词是尤为重要的。

Ⅱ、Reflection

This is pure Mencken in its surging momentum and its irreverence. At almost any page where you open his books he is saying something sure to outrage the professed pieties of his countrymen. The sanctity in which Americans bathed their heroes, their churches and their edifying laws—especially Prohibition—was a well of hypocrisy for him that never dried up. Some of his heaviest ammunition he hurled at politicians and Presidents—his portrait of "The Archangel Woodrow" still scorches the pages—and as for Christian believers and clerical folk, they turn up unfailingly as mountebanks and boobs.

这段话中有很多有意思的表达：

surging momentum 澎湃的动力/澎湃的势头

outrage the professed pieties of his countrymen 激怒他的同胞表现出的虔诚

the sanctity was a well of hypocrisy for him that never dried up 圣洁于他而言，是永不枯竭的伪善的源泉（比喻）

his heaviest ammunition still scorches the pages 他沉重的弹药（比喻有攻击性的语言）仍能将书页烤焦（形容此种强势的语言经久不衰，在时间的检验下仍能给人带来震撼）

If all your sentences move at the same plodding gait, which even you recognize as deadly but don't know how to cure, read them aloud.

这里用move at the same plodding gait来形容一个句子，即通过词的使用，整个句子的运转效果，用了拟人的修辞，后面的cure进一步强化了拟人的修辞意味。确实，句子、词语、语言都是富有灵魂和生命的，而写作者要用自己的魔力给语言注入生命，朗读就是去检验句子生命灵动性的好办法。

Ⅲ、Gains

Chapter 5：What you writte down is not to please the audience, but to guide them to follow your ideas.

Chapter 6：Distinguishing the subtle differences between synonyms and using them correctly can make your sentences more accurate and more vital.