CPP_Basic_Code_P9.1-PP9.6.4
// The Notes Created by Z-Tech on 2017/2/17.
// All Codes Boot on 《C++ Primer Plus》V6.0
// OS：MacOS 10.12.4
// Translater：clang/llvm8.0.0 &g++4.2.1
// Editer：iTerm 2&Sublime text 3
// IDE: Xcode8.2.1&Clion2017.1
//P9.1-P9.3
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6)
project(CLion_Version)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(SOURCE_FILES coordin.h file1.cpp file2.cpp)//资源文件包含说明
add_executable(CLion_Version ${SOURCE_FILES})//可使用指定源文件引入可执行文件
coordin.h
#ifndef CLION_VERSION_COORDIN_H
#define CLION_VERSION_COORDIN_H
struct polar//极坐标结构
{
double distance;
double angle;
};
struct rect//直角坐标结构
{
double x;
double y;
};
polar rect_to_polar(rect xypos);//直角转为极坐标
void show_polar(polar dapos);//显示极坐标
#endif //CLION_VERSION_COORDIN_H
file1.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "coordin.h"
int main()
{
using namespace std;
rect rplace;//声明两个结构以存储输入的数据
polar pplace;
cout<<"Enter the x and y value: ";
while (cin>>rplace.x>>rplace.y)//连续使用cin可行，且忽略空格等
{
pplace=rect_to_polar(rplace);//结果赋值给第二个结构
show_polar(pplace);//显示
cout<<"Next two numbers (q to quiit): ";
}
cout<<"Done.\n";
return 0;
}
file2.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include "coordin.h"
polar rect_to_polar(rect xypos)
{
using namespace std;
polar answer;
answer.distance=sqrt(xypos.x*xypos.x+xypos.y*xypos.y);
answer.angle=atan2(xypos.y,xypos.x);//y/x计算arctan
return answer;//返回结构
}
void show_polar(polar dapos)
{
using namespace std;
const double Rad_to_deg=57.29577951;//弧度转换为度数的常数因子
cout<<"Distance = "<<dapos.distance;
cout<<",angle = "<<dapos.angle*Rad_to_deg;
cout<<" degrees\n";
}
//P9.4
#include <iostream>
void oil(int x);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int texas=31;
int year=2011;
cout<<"In main(),texas= "<<texas<<",&texas= "<<&texas<<endl;
cout<<"In main(),year= "<<year<<",&tear= "<<&year<<endl;
oil(texas);
cout<<"In main(),texas= "<<texas<<",&texas= "<<&texas<<endl;
cout<<"In main(),year= "<<year<<",&tear= "<<&year<<endl;
return 0;
}
void oil(int x)
{
using namespace std;
int texas=5;
cout<<"In oil(),texas= "<<texas<<",&texas= "<<&texas<<endl;
cout<<"In oil(),x= "<<x<<",&x= "<<&x<<endl;
{
int texas=113;
cout<<"In block,texas= "<<texas<<",&texas= "<<&texas<<endl;
cout<<"In block,x= "<<x<<",&x= "<<&x<<endl;
}//代码块内新定义暂时隐藏以前的定义
cout<<"Post-block texas="<<texas<<",&texas= "<<&texas<<endl;
}
//P9.5-P9.6
Main.cpp
#include <iostream>
double warming=0.3;//外部变量定义和初始化
void update(double dt);
void local();
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<"Global warming is "<<warming<<" degrees.\n";
update(0.1);
cout<<"Global warming is "<<warming<<" degrees.\n";
local();
cout<<"Global warming is "<<warming<<" degrees.\n";
return 0;
}
SubFunctions.cpp
#include <iostream>
extern double warming;//引用外部变量声明
void update(double dt);
void local();
using std::cout;
void update(double dt)
{
extern double warming;//引用外部变量变量
warming+=dt;//修改外部变量
cout<<"Updating global warming to "<<warming<<" degrees.\n";
}
void local()
{
double warming=0.8;
cout<<"Local warming = "<<warming<<" degrees.\n";
cout<<"But global warming = "<<::warming<<" degrees.\n";//作用域解析::访问全局变量
}
//P9.7-P9.8
Main.cpp
#include <iostream>
void remote_access();
int tom=3;//外部声明
int dick=30;//外部声明
static int harry=300;//内部声明
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout<<"main() reports the following addresses:\n";
cout<<&tom<<" = &tom, "<<&dick<<" = &dick, "<<&harry<<" = &harry\n";
remote_access();
return 0;
}
SubFunctions.cpp
#include <iostream>
extern int tom;//外部引用
static int dick=10;//内部声明
int harry=200;//外部声明
void remote_access()
{
using namespace std;
cout<<"remote_access() reports the following addresses:\n";
cout<<&tom<<" = &tom, "<<&dick<<" = &dick, "<<&harry<<" = &harry\n";
}
//P9.9
#include <iostream>
const int ArSize=15;
void strcount(const char* str);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char input[ArSize];
char next;
cout<<"Enter a line:\n";
cin.get(input,ArSize);
while (cin)
{
cin.get(next);//读取回车
while (next!='\n')//检查是否读取了回车确定是否有字符未被读取
cin.get(next);//丢弃过多的字符
strcount(input);//计算字符数的函数
cout<<"Enter next line(empty line to quit):\n";
cin.get(input,ArSize);
}
cout<<"Bye.\n";
return 0;
}
void strcount(const char* str)
{
using namespace std;
static int total=0;//每次调用仅第一次才初始化
int count=0;//参照对象
cout<<"\""<<str<<"\" contains ";
while (*str++)//*str将获取数组第一个元素也就是第一个字母
count++;//计算字符串里有多少字符
total+=count;
cout<<count<<" characters\n";
cout<<total<<" characters total.\n";
}
//P9.10
#include <iostream>
//#include <new>
const int BUF=512;
const int N=5;
char buffer[BUF];
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double *pd1,*pd2;//十分小心！此处易写成double* pd1,pd2;
int i;
cout<<"Calling new and placement new:\n";
pd1=new double[N];
pd2=new (buffer) double[N];
for (i=0;i<N;i++)
pd2[i]=pd1[i]=1000+20.0*i;
cout<<"Memory addresses:\n"<<" heap: "<<pd1<<" static: "<<(void*)buffer<<endl;
//此处(void*)强制类型转换成空类型是为了输出地址，因为p1是double指针，buffer是char指针
cout<<"Memory contents:\n";
for (i=0;i<N;i++)
{
cout<<pd1[i]<<" at "<<&pd1[i]<<"; ";
cout<<pd2[i]<<" at "<<&pd2[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<"\nCalling new and palcement new a second time:\n";
double* pd3,* pd4;
pd3=new double[N];
pd4=new (buffer) double[N];//将依然使用之前的地址
for (i=0;i<N;i++)
pd4[i]=pd3[i]=1000+40.0*i;
cout<<"Memory contents:\n";
for (i=0;i<N;i++)
{
cout<<pd3[i]<<" at "<<&pd3[i]<<"; ";
cout<<pd4[i]<<" at "<<&pd4[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<"\nCalling new and palcement new a third time:\n";
delete pd1;
pd1=new double[N];
pd2=new (buffer+N* sizeof(double)) double[N];//提供了5*8bytes的起始偏移量，地址改变
for (i=0;i<N;i++)
pd2[i]=pd1[i]=1000+60.0*i;
cout<<"Memory contents:\n";
for (i=0;i<N;i++)
{
cout<<pd1[i]<<" at "<<&pd1[i]<<"; ";
cout<<pd2[i]<<" at "<<&pd2[i]<<endl;
}
delete [] pd1;
delete [] pd3;
//不释放pd2和pd4是因为它们并非指向堆的new出的内存，而是定位new
return 0;
}
//P9.11-P9.13
Z_Head.h
#ifndef CLION_VERSION_Z_HEAD_H
#define CLION_VERSION_Z_HEAD_H
#include <string>
namespace pers
{
struct Person
{
std::string fname;
std::string lname;
};
void getPerson(Person&);
void showPerson(const Person&);
}
namespace debts
{
using namespace pers;
struct Debt
{
Person name;
double amount;
};
void getDebt(Debt&);
void showDebt(const Debt&);
double sumDebts(const Debt ar[],int n);
}
#endif
Main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Z_Head.h"
void other(void);
void another(void);
int main()
{
using debts::Debt;
using debts::showDebt;
Debt golf {{"Benny","Goatsniff"},120.0};
showDebt(golf);
other();
another();
return 0;
}
void other(void)
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using namespace debts;
Person dg {"Doodles","Glister"};
showPerson(dg);//倒着先last后first输出名字
cout<<endl;
Debt zippy[3];//结构数组
int i;
for (i=0;i<3;i++)
getDebt(zippy[i]);//姓名和钱款同时获取
for (i=0;i<3;i++)
showDebt(zippy[i]);//将输入全部输出显示
cout<<"Total debt: $"<<sumDebts(zippy,3)<<endl;
return;//无返回值
}
void another(void)
{
using pers::Person;
Person collector {"Milo","Rightshift"};
pers::showPerson(collector);
std::cout<<std::endl;
}
SubFunctions.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Z_Head.h"
namespace pers
{
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
void getPerson(Person& rp)
{
cout<<"Enter first name: ";
cin>>rp.fname;
cout<<"Enter last name: ";
cin>>rp.lname;
}
void showPerson(const Person& rp)
{
std::cout<<rp.lname<<", "<<rp.fname;
}
}
namespace debts
{
void getDebt(Debt& rd)
{
getPerson(rd.name);
std::cout<<"Enter debt: ";
std::cin>>rd.amount;
}
void showDebt(const Debt& rd)
{
showPerson(rd.name);//注意此函数位于pers空间且参数使用子成员.name
std::cout<<": $"<<rd.amount<<std::endl;
}
double sumDebts(const Debt ar[],int n)
{
double total=0;
for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
total+=ar[i].amount;
return total;
}
}
//PP9.6.1
Z_Head.h
#ifndef CLION_VERSION_Z_HEAD_H
#define CLION_VERSION_Z_HEAD_H
const int Len=40;
const int Num=3;
struct golf
{
char fullname[Len];
int hangdicap;
};
void setgolf(golf& g,const char* name,int hc);
int setgolf(golf& g);
void handicap(golf& g,int hc);
void showgolf(const golf& g);
#endif
Main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Z_Head.h"
int main()
{
using namespace std;
golf ZhangHu[Num];
int i;
for (i=0;i<Num;i++)
{
int NMX=setgolf(ZhangHu[i]);
if (NMX==0)
break;
}
if (i!=0)
{
for (int j=0;j<Num;j++)
{
cout<<"NO. "<<j+1<<": "<<endl;
showgolf(ZhangHu[j]);
}
}
golf ann;
setgolf(ann,"Something is perfect！",66);
cout<<endl;
showgolf(ann);
cout<<endl;
handicap(ann,99);
showgolf(ann);
return 0;
}
SubFunctions.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Z_Head.h"
using namespace std;
void setgolf(golf& g,const char* name,int hc)
{
strcpy(g.fullname,name);
g.hangdicap=hc;
}
int setgolf(golf& g)
{
cout<<"Please enter a name: ";
cin.get(g.fullname,Len);
if (g.fullname[0]=='\0')
return 0;
cout<<"Please enter a rank: ";
while (!(cin>>g.hangdicap))//注意输入被置于条件内！
{
cin.clear();
while (cin.get()!='\n')
continue;
cout<<"Try again!"<<endl;
}
cin.get();
return 1;
}
void handicap(golf& g,int hc)
{
g.hangdicap=hc;
}
void showgolf(const golf& g)
{
cout<<"name: "<<g.fullname<<endl;
cout<<"handicap: "<<g.hangdicap<<endl;
}
//PP9.6.2
#include <iostream>
void strcount(const std::string str);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
string input;
char next;
cout<<"Enter a line:\n";
getline(cin,input);
while (input!="")
{
strcount(input);//计算字符数的函数
cout<<"Enter next line(empty line to quit):\n";
getline(cin,input);
}
cout<<"Bye.\n";
return 0;
}
void strcount(const std::string str)
{
using namespace std;
static int total=0;//每次调用仅第一次才初始化
int count=0;//参照对象
cout<<"\""<<str<<"\" contains ";
count=str.size();
total+=count;
cout<<count<<" characters\n";
cout<<total<<" characters total.\n";
}
//PP9.6.3
#include <iostream>
const int BUF=512;
char buffer[BUF];
struct chaff
{
char dross[20];
int slag;
};
int main()
{
using namespace std;
chaff *ps1=new chaff[2];
strcpy(ps1->dross,"EnochHugh");
ps1->slag=5;
strcpy((ps1+1)->dross,"YangHsuChou");
(ps1+1)->slag=9;
for (int i=0;i<2;i++,ps1++)
{
cout<<"ps1: Droos: "<<ps1->dross<<endl;
cout<<"ps1: Slag: "<<ps1->slag<<endl;
}
cout<<endl;
chaff *ps2=new (buffer) chaff[2];
strcpy(ps2->dross,"EnochHugh");
ps2->slag=5;
strcpy((ps2+1)->dross,"YangHsuChou");
(ps2+1)->slag=9;
const chaff *end=ps2+2;//强行使用指针循环
for (;ps2<end;ps2++)
{
cout<<"ps2: Droos: "<<ps2->dross<<endl;
cout<<"ps2: Slag: "<<ps2->slag<<endl;
}
delete (ps1-2);
return 0;
}
//PP9.6.4
Z_Head.h
#ifndef CLION_VERSION_Z_HEAD_H
#define CLION_VERSION_Z_HEAD_H
namespace SALES
{
const int QUARTERS=4;
struct Sales
{
double sales[QUARTERS];
double average;
double max;
double min;
};
void setSales(Sales& s,const double ar[],int n);
void setSales(Sales& s);
void showSales(const Sales& s);
double findMax(double ar[],int ARSZ);
double findMin(double ar[],int ARSZ);
}
#endif
Main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Z_Head.h"
int main()
{
const double price[SALES::QUARTERS] {12.34,34.54,66.99,99.123};
int ZHS=10;
SALES::Sales* xv=new SALES::Sales[2];
SALES::setSales(*xv,price,ZHS);
SALES::showSales(*xv);
SALES::setSales(*(xv+1));
SALES::showSales(*(xv+1));
delete xv;
return 0;
}
SubFunctions.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Z_Head.h"
namespace SALES
{
void setSales(Sales& s,const double ar[],int n)
{
int realv=(QUARTERS>n?n:QUARTERS);
double total=0;
for (int i=0;i<realv;i++)
{
s.sales[i]=ar[i];
total+=ar[i];
}
s.average=total/realv;
s.max=findMax(s.sales,realv);
s.min=findMin(s.sales,realv);
}
void setSales(Sales& s)
{
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout<<"Please enter the number: "<<endl;
double total=0;
for (int i=0;i<QUARTERS;i++)
{
cin>>s.sales[i];
if (!cin)
{
cin.clear();
while (cin.get()!='\n')
continue;
}
total+=s.sales[i];
s.average=total/QUARTERS;
s.max=findMax(s.sales,QUARTERS);
s.min=findMin(s.sales,QUARTERS);
}
}
void showSales(const Sales& s)
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout<<"*xv sales:";
for (int i=0;i<QUARTERS;i++)
cout<<s.sales[i]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
cout<<"*xv average:"<<s.average<<endl;
cout<<"*xv max:"<<s.max<<endl;
cout<<"*xv min:"<<s.min<<endl;
}
double findMax(double ar[],int ARSZ)
{
double max=ar[0];
for (int i=1;i<ARSZ;i++)
{
if (ar[i]>max)
max=ar[i];
}
return max;
}
double findMin(double ar[],int ARSZ)
{
double min=ar[0];
for (int i=1;i<ARSZ;i++)
{
if (ar[i]<min)
min=ar[i];
}
return min;
}
}
