able adj.
intelligent; good at sth有才智的；有才能的；（某方面）擅长的
•the ablest student in the class 班上最有才华的学生
•We aim to help the less able in society to lead an independent life. 我们的宗旨是帮助社会上能力较弱的人独立生活
able to do sth
to have the skill, intelligence, opportunity, etc. needed to do sth能；能够
•You must be able to speak French for this job.干这项工作你得会说法语。
•A viral illness left her barely able to walk.一场病毒引起的疾病使她走路十分困难。
•I didn't feel able to disagree with him.我觉得无法不同意他的意见。
•Will you be able to come?你能来吗？
above prep
1.at or to a higher place or position than sth/sb在（或向）…上面
•The water came above our knees.水淹过了我们的膝盖。
•We were flying above the clouds.我们在云层上面飞行。
•the people in the apartment above mine我楼上那套公寓里的人们
•A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army.海军的（上校）军衔比陆军的（上尉）高。
•They finished the year six places above their local rivals.这一年结束，他们的排名比当地竞争对手超前六个名次。
2.more than sth; greater in number, level or age than sb/sth（数目、数量、水平、年龄）超过，多于，大于
•Inflation is above 6%.通货膨胀超过6%。
•Temperatures have been above average.气温一直比平均温度高。
•We cannot accept children above the age of 10.我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。
词语辨析above • over
1.Above and over can both be used to describe a position higher than something. above和over均可表示位置高于…或在…上：
•They built a new room above/over the garage.他们在汽车房上面建了一间新屋。
When you are talking about movement from one side of something to the other, you can only useover .表示从某物的一边移至另一边只能用over：
•They jumped over the stream.他们跳过了小溪。
Over can also mean ‘covering’. over亦可表示覆盖着：
•He put a blanket over the sleeping child.他把毯子盖在睡着了的孩子身上。
2.Above and over can also mean ‘more than’. Above is used in relation to a minimum level or a fixed point. above和over亦可表示多于。above与最低限度或某固定点关联：
•2 000 feet above sea level海拔2 000英尺
•Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight.今天夜间的温度不会高于零度。
Over is used with numbers, ages, money and time. over与数目、数量、年龄、金钱和时间连用：
•He’s over 50.他已年过半百。
•It costs over￡100. 这个值100英镑以上。
•We waited over 2 hours.我们等了两个多小时。
above adj.
1.at or to a higher place在（或向）上面；在（或向）较高处
•Put it on the shelf above.把它放到上面的搁板上。
•Seen from above the cars looked tiny.从高处往下看，车辆显得很小。
•They were acting on instructions from above (= from sb in a higher position of authority) .他们是在按照上级的指示办事。
2.greater in number, level or age（数目、数量、水平、年龄）超过，更多，更大
•increases of 5% and above增加5%或以上
•A score of 70 or above will get you an ‘A’. 70分或以上就可以得“优”。
•children aged 12 and above 12岁或以上的孩子
3.earlier in sth written or printed上文；前文
•As was stated above...如上所述…
•See above, page 97.见前文，第97页。
across prep
1.from one side to the other side of sth从…一边到另一边；横过
•He walked across the field. 他走过田地。
•I drew a line across the page. 我在这一页上画了一条横线。
•A grin spread across her face. 她粲然一笑。
•Where's the nearest bridge across the river? 过河最近的桥在哪儿？
2.on the other side of sth在…对面；在…对过
•There's a bank right across the street. 街对面就有一家银行。
3.on or over a part of the body在（身体某部位）上
•He hit him across the face. 他打了他的脸。
•It's too tight across the back. 背部太紧。
4.
in every part of a place, group of people, etc.在…各处；遍及
•Her family is scattered across the country. 她家中的人散居全国各地。
•This view is common across all sections of the community. 该社群所有阶层的人普遍持有这种看法。
across adv.
1.
from one side to the other side从一边到另一边；横过；宽
•It's too wide. We can't swim across.这太宽了，我们游不过去。
•The yard measures about 50 feet across.庭院宽约50英尺。
2.
in a particular direction towards or at sb/sth从…的一边向…
•When my name was called, he looked across at me.当叫到我名字的时候，他从那边朝我看过来。
3.
across from opposite在对面；在对过
•There's a school just across from our house.有一所学校就在我们房子对面。
4.
( of an answer in a crossword纵横字谜谜底 ) written from side to side 横写的
•I can't do 3 across.我猜不出第3格横写的谜底。
advantage n. advantages
~ (over sb)a thing that helps you to be better or more successful than other people有利条件；有利因素；优势
•a big/great/definite advantage大的╱很大的╱确定的优势
•Being tall gave him an advantage over the other players.他个子高，比其他运动员有利。
•an unfair advantage (= sth that benefits you, but not your opponents)不公平的有利因素（指有利于自己、但并不有利于对手）
•She had the advantage of a good education.她具有受过良好教育的有利条件。
•Is there any advantage in getting there early?早到那里是否有利？
•You will be at an advantage (= have an advantage) if you have thought about the interview questions in advance.如果你预先考虑过面试中提出的问题，就会处于优势。
2.
a quality of sth that makes it better or more useful优点
•A small car has the added advantage of being cheaper to run.小型轿车还有一个优点是养护成本比较便宜。
•the advantages of living in a small town在小城镇居住的好处
•Each of these systems has its advantages and
take adˈvantage of sth/sb
(1) to make use of sth well; to make use of an opportunity利用；利用（机会）
•She took advantage of the children's absence to tidy their rooms.她趁孩子们不在时收拾了他们的房间。
•We took full advantage of the hotel facilities.我们充分享用了旅馆设施。
(2)
to make use of sb/sth in a way that is unfair or dishonest欺骗；占…的便宜
•He took advantage of my generosity (= for example, by taking more than I had intended to give) .他利用我的慷慨占了便宜。
ago adv.
used in expressions of time with the simple past tense to show how far in the past sth happened（与动词简单过去时连用）以前
• two weeks/months/years ago两周╱两月╱两年以前
• The letter came a few days ago.这封信是几天前寄来的。
• She was here just a minute ago.刚才她还在这儿。
• a short/long time ago不久╱很久以前
• How long ago did you buy it?这东西你是多久以前买的？
air /eə(r)/
1. [U] the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth and that we breathe空气
•air pollution空气污染
•Let's go out for some fresh air .咱们出去呼吸点新鲜空气。
•I need to put some air in my tyres.我需要给我的轮胎打些气。
•currents of warm air暖气流
2. [ U] the space above the ground or that is around things空中；天空
•I kicked the ball high in/into the air .我把球高高地踢到空中。
•Spicy smells wafted through the air .空中飘来一阵阵辛辣的气味。
•Music filled the night air.夜空荡漾着乐声。
3.
[ U] the space above the earth where planes fly（飞行的）空中，天空
•It only takes three hours by air (= in a plane) .乘飞机只要三个小时。
•air travel/traffic航空旅行；空中交通
•The temple was clearly visible from the air.从空中看去，那座庙宇清晰可辨。
•A surprise air attack (= from aircraft) was launched at night.夜间突然发起了空袭。
