安装Hive时默认已经安装好MySQL和Hadoop集群。

下载hive-1.2.2安装包：

国内镜像:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hive/hive-1.2.2/
官方镜像:http://archive.apache.org/dist/hive/hive-1.2.2/

解压hive压缩包到安装目录

tar -xvzf apache-hive-1.2.2-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
cd /opt/module
mv apache-hive-1.2.2-bin hive-1.2.2

配置hive环境变量

export HIVE_HOME=/opt/module/hive-1.2.2
export PATH=${HIVE_HOME}/bin:$PATH

hive的metastore采用MySQL存储，下载MySQL的JDBC驱动jar包并放到hive安装目录的lib包目录下

mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.jar

编写hive配置文件hive-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
        <value>jdbc:mysql://ip:port/hive_metastore_db?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
        <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
        <value>MySQL用户</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
        <value>MySQL密码</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
        <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

HDFS上创建hive目录

hadoop fs -mkdir /tmp
hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse
hadoop fs -chmod g+w /tmp
hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse

启动hive

$HIVE_HOME/bin/hive 
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/module/hive-1.2.2/lib/hive-common-1.2.2.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
hive> show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 1.161 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive>

注意：安装过程如果遇到类似如下报错，是hadoop中jline-2.12.jar包版本问题，把hive lib目录下的该jar包拷贝到/opt/module/hadoop-2.6.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib目录覆盖原来的jline包，问题即可解决，其他问题根据报错排查问题，MySQL连接坑可能会多点

[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected
    at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101)
    at jline.TerminalFactory.get(TerminalFactory.java:158)
    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:229)
    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:221)
    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:209)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.setupConsoleReader(CliDriver.java:787)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:721)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected
    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:230)
    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:221)
    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:209)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.setupConsoleReader(CliDriver.java:787)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:721)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)