1. JSON请求体构造
import requests
class TestDemo:
def test_post_json(self):
payload = {
"level": 1,
"name": "insane"
}
r = requests.post("https://httpbin.testing-studio.com/post", json=payload)
print(r.text)
assert r.status_code == 200
assert r.json()['json']['level'] == 1
- 请求结果：data中是被转义的结果，json中自动将字典转为json格式，header中为"Content-Type": "application/json",
test_demo.py::TestDemo::test_post_json
============================== 1 passed in 0.38s ==============================
Process finished with exit code 0
PASSED [100%]{
"args": {},
"data": "{\"level\": 1, \"name\": \"insane\"}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Content-Length": "30",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"Host": "httpbin.testing-studio.com",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.24.0",
"X-Forwarded-Host": "httpbin.testing-studio.com",
"X-Scheme": "https"
},
"json": {
"level": 1,
"name": "insane"
},
"origin": "101.204.128.115",
"url": "https://httpbin.testing-studio.com/post"
}
xml请求，应用场景较少
def test_post_xml(self):
xml = """<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><a>6</a>"""
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/xml'}
r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=xml, headers=headers).text
复杂数据解析
- 数据保存：将复杂的xml或者json请求体保存到文件模板中
- 数据处理：
- 使用mustache、freemaker等工具解析
- 简单的字符串替换
- 使用json xml api进行结构化解析
- 数据生成：输出最终结果
模板技术 mustache
- 模板：
{
"erccode": 0,
"eccmsg": "ok",
"userid": "{iuseridJ}",
"name": "{{name}}",
"department": [
532
],
"position": "测试工程师",
"mobile": "{{mobile}}"
}
- 脚本：
import pystache
pystache.render(
'Hi {{person}}!',
{'person': 'Insane'}
)
>>> Hi Insane!
2. JSON/XML响应断言
json断言
def test_post_json(self):
payload = {
"username": "Insane",
"password": "loafer"
}
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.testing-studio.com/post", json=payload)
print(r.text)
assert r.status_code == 200
assert r.json()['json']['usernmae'] == "Insane"
json path断言
-
规则
image.png 安装第三方库jsonpath：
pip install jsonpath示例
import requests
from jsonpath import jsonpath
class TestDemo:
def test_hogwards(self):
r = requests.get("https://home.testing-studio.com/categories.json")
print(r.text)
assert r.status_code == 200
assert r.json()['category_list']['categories'][0]['name'] == '霍格沃兹'
assert jsonpath(r.json(), '$..name')[0] == '霍格沃兹' # 取出所有name的第一个
xml断言
import requests
from .requests_xml import XMLSession
class TestDemo:
def test_xml(self):
session = XMLSession()
r = session.get("https://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/lg_image_of_the_day.rss")
r.xml.links
- 也可使用xpath断言
import requests
from .requests_xml import XMLSession
class TestDemo:
def test_xml(self):
session = XMLSession()
r = session.get("https://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/lg_image_of_the_day.rss")
r.xml.links
item = r.xml.xpath('//item', first=True)
print(item.text)
xml解析
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
root = ET.fromstring(countrydata)
root.findall(".")
root.findall("./country/neighbor")
root.findall(".//year/..[@name='Singapore']")
root.findall(".//*[@name='Singapore']/year")
root.findall(".//neighbor[2]")
3. Hamcrest断言体系
- 框架自带assert体系：assert、assertEqual
- Hamcrest体系：assertThat
- 官网：http://hamcrest.org/
- 安装第三方库：
pip install pyhamcrest - 断言规则：
Object
equal_to - match equal object
has_length - match len()
has_property - match value of property with given name
has_properties - match an object that has all of the given properties.
has_string - match str()
instance_of - match object type
none, not_none - match None, or not None
same_instance - match same object
calling, raises - wrap a method call and assert that it raises an exception
Number
close_to - match number close to a given value
greater_than, greater_than_or_equal_to, less_than, less_than_or_equal_to - match numeric ordering
Text
contains_string - match part of a string
ends_with - match the end of a string
equal_to_ignoring_case - match the complete string but ignore case
equal_to_ignoring_whitespace - match the complete string but ignore extra whitespace
matches_regexp - match a regular expression in a string
starts_with - match the beginning of a string
string_contains_in_order - match parts of a string, in relative order
Logical
all_of - and together all matchers
any_of - or together all matchers
anything - match anything, useful in composite matchers when you don't care about a particular value
is_not, not_ - negate the matcher
Sequence
contains - exactly match the entire sequence
contains_inanyorder - match the entire sequence, but in any order
has_item - match if given item appears in the sequence
has_items - match if all given items appear in the sequence, in any order
is_in - match if item appears in the given sequence
only_contains - match if sequence's items appear in given list
empty - match if the sequence is empty
Dictionary
has_entries - match dictionary with list of key-value pairs
has_entry - match dictionary containing a key-value pair
has_key - match dictionary with a key
has_value - match dictionary with a value
Decorator
calling - wrap a callable in a deferred object, for subsequent matching on calling behaviour
raises - Ensure that a deferred callable raises as expected
described_as - give the matcher a custom failure description
is_ - decorator to improve readability - see Syntactic sugar below
- 示例
import requests
from hamcrest import *
class TestDemo:
def test_hamcrest(self):
r = requests.get("http://httpbin.testing-studio.com/get", headers={'h': 'H'})
print(r.text)
assert r.status_code == 200
assert_that(r.json()['headers']['h'], equal_to('H'))
