介绍
Ingress
其实就是从 kuberenets 集群外部访问集群的一个入口,将外部的请求转发到集群内不同的 Service 上,其实就相当于 nginx、haproxy 等负载均衡代理服务器,有的同学可能觉得我们直接使用 nginx 就实现了,但是只使用 nginx 这种方式有很大缺陷,每次有新服务加入的时候怎么改 Nginx 配置?不可能让我们去手动更改或者滚动更新前端的 Nginx Pod 吧?那我们再加上一个服务发现的工具比如 consul 如何?貌似是可以,对吧?而且在之前单独使用 docker 的时候,这种方式已经使用得很普遍了,Ingress 实际上就是这样实现的,只是服务发现的功能自己实现了,不需要使用第三方的服务了,然后再加上一个域名规则定义,路由信息的刷新需要一个靠 Ingress controller 来提供。
Ingress controller 可以理解为一个监听器,通过不断地与 kube-apiserver 打交道,实时的感知后端 service、pod 的变化,当得到这些变化信息后,Ingress controller 再结合 Ingress 的配置,更新反向代理负载均衡器,达到服务发现的作用。其实这点和服务发现工具 consul consul-template 非常类似。
现在可以供大家使用的 Ingress controller 有很多,比如 traefik、nginx-controller、Kubernetes Ingress Controller for Kong、HAProxy Ingress controller,当然你也可以自己实现一个 Ingress Controller,现在普遍用得较多的是 traefik 和 nginx-controller,traefik 的性能较 nginx-controller 差,但是配置使用要简单许多,我们这里会以更简单的 traefik 为例给大家介绍 ingress 的使用。
应用场景
对于小规模的应用我们使用NodePort或许能够满足我们的需求,但是当你的应用越来越多的时候,你就会发现对于 NodePort 的管理就非常麻烦了,这个时候使用 ingress 就非常方便了,可以避免管理大量的 Port
我们知道前面我们使用 NodePort 和 LoadBlancer 类型的 Service 可以实现把应用暴露给外部用户使用,除此之外,Kubernetes 还为我们提供了一个非常重要的资源对象可以用来暴露服务给外部用户,那就是 ingress
。
通常情况下,service 和 pod 的 IP 仅可在集群内部访问。集群外部的请求需要通过负载均衡转发到 service 在 Node 上暴露的 NodePort 上,然后再由 kube-proxy 通过边缘路由器 (edge router) 将其转发给相关的 Pod 或者丢弃。
而 Ingress 就是为进入集群的请求提供路由规则的集合
Traefik
Traefik是一款开源的反向代理与负载均衡工具。它最大的优点是能够与常见的微服务系统直接整合,可以实现自动化动态配置。目前支持Docker, Swarm, Mesos/Marathon, Mesos, Kubernetes, Consul, Etcd, Zookeeper, BoltDB, Rest API等等后端模型。
创建traefik-rbac.yaml
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
- endpoints
- secrets
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: kube-system
创建traefik-ds.yaml 基于TLS 证书认证(自签发)
使用openssl命令生成 CA 证书
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout tls.key -x509 -days 365 -out tls.crt
使用 kubectl 创建一个 secret 对象来存储上面的证书
kubectl create secret generic traefik-cert --from-file=tls.crt --from-file=tls.key -n kube-system
使用 kubectl 创建一个 configmap对象来配置traefik 配置
traefik.toml
defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
insecureSkipVerify = true
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.http]
address = ":80"
[entryPoints.http.redirect]
entryPoint = "https"
[entryPoints.https]
address = ":443"
[entryPoints.https.tls]
[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
CertFile = "/ssl/tls.crt"
KeyFile = "/ssl/tls.key"
创建configmap
kubectl create configmap traefik-conf --from-file=traefik.toml -n kube-system
创建traefik-ds.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: DaemonSet
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
name: traefik-ingress-lb
spec:
nodeSelector:
traefik: "svc"
serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
volumes:
- name: ssl
secret:
secretName: traefik-cert
- name: config
configMap:
name: traefik-conf
containers:
- image: traefik
name: traefik-ingress-lb
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: "/ssl"
name: ssl
- mountPath: "/config"
name: config
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
hostPort: 80
- name: https
containerPort: 443
hostPort: 443
- name: admin
containerPort: 8080
hostPort: 8080
securityContext:
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
args:
- --configfile=/config/traefik.toml
- --api
- --kubernetes
- --logLevel=DEBUG
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-service
namespace: kube-system
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
name: web
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
name: admin
- protocol: TCP
port: 443
name: https
由于以daemonset 守护进程方式部署,会在集群内所有的node上都会部署,这边通过nodeselector的方式 来选择1-2个节点部署,这样就需要给node打label
kubectl label node example-node traefik=svc
创建service和Ingress
一、Traefik web ui
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: traefik-web-ui
namespace: kube-system
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
ports:
- name: web
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: traefik-web-ui
namespace: kube-system
spec:
rules:
- host: traefik-ui.minikube
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: traefik-web-ui
servicePort: web
二、Kubernetes Dashboard
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-ingress
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "traefik"
spec:
rules:
- host: k8s-dashboard-ui.com
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: kubernetes-dashboard
servicePort: 443
三、Path 的用法
创建3个web deployment和service
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: svc1
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: svc1
spec:
containers:
- name: svc1
image: cnych/example-web-service
env:
- name: APP_SVC
value: svc1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: svc2
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: svc2
spec:
containers:
- name: svc2
image: cnych/example-web-service
env:
- name: APP_SVC
value: svc2
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: svc3
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: svc3
spec:
containers:
- name: svc3
image: cnych/example-web-service
env:
- name: APP_SVC
value: svc3
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: svc1
name: svc1
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 8080
name: http
selector:
app: svc1
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: svc2
name: svc2
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 8080
name: http
selector:
app: svc2
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: svc3
name: svc3
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 8080
name: http
selector:
app: svc3
创建相应的Ingress
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: example-web-app
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "traefik"
spec:
rules:
- host: example.haimaxy.com
http:
paths:
- path: /s1
backend:
serviceName: svc1
servicePort: 8080
- path: /s2
backend:
serviceName: svc2
servicePort: 8080
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: svc3
servicePort: 8080
验证:
需要修改本地hosts文件 做好IP与域名的映射关系
参考文档:
https://www.qikqiak.com/post/ingress-traefik2/
https://www.centos.bz/2018/07/k8s%E4%B9%8Btraefik/
https://feisky.gitbooks.io/kubernetes/content/practice/apps/helm.html
https://jimmysong.io/posts/kubernetes-ingress-resource/