1. 健康、未孕女性子宫中存在微生物群落
多年来，有报道称未孕女性子宫中存在活菌。尽管许多研究采取了预防措施以避免污染，但此类发现常常被认为是宫颈和（/或）阴道菌群对样本的污染。培养的微生物与阴道和宫颈中发现的微生物相似，包括乳酸杆菌、阴道加德纳菌、α-溶血性链球菌、链球菌、无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、拟杆菌属、GPAC、肠球菌属、大肠杆菌、念球菌属。最近，一些与非培养的研究发现，大部分未怀孕女性子宫中存在微生物DNA。这种DNA可能来自子宫防御系统已成功处理的死亡微生物，也可能代表采样期间阴道或宫颈的污染。结合子宫内活菌的检测，强有力的证据表明，微生物确实在健康、未孕女性的子宫内定居。在其中一项研究的样本中都发现了大量拟杆菌属，这些微生物在菌群中占比很大。菌群种类多样，其他主要成员包括乳酸杆菌和埃希氏-志贺氏菌属。
其他研究发现，在子宫菌群中，乳酸杆菌而非拟杆菌是优势菌属。然而，相关研究不多，参与研究的人数也不多，因此很难就子宫菌群的组成得出任何一般性结论。
2. 怀孕女性子宫中是否存在微生物仍然存在争议
许多研究指出在足月妊娠的羊水、胎膜或胎盘中存在少量微生物。然而，其他研究未能支持这些发现。已检测到的微生物包括微小脲原体、卷曲乳杆菌、梭杆菌属、泛菌属、直肠真杆菌、人型支原体、大肠杆菌、谭氏普雷沃氏菌、多糖奈瑟菌和乳酸奈瑟菌。检测到的微生物可能是来自FRS其他区域或身体其他部位的污染菌。此外，大多数研究指出微生物存在的研究都是基于对微生物DNA的检测，而不是活菌，这些DNA可能来自被人体防御系统杀死的微生物。
女性生殖系统菌群系列
【女性生殖系统菌群之二】生殖系统菌群受年龄和系统生理学变化的影响
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