本文介绍伦敦以及西班牙巴塞罗那的一些相关文化背景知识，具体包括：罗宾汉节，英国著名酒吧和市场；国家美术馆；西班牙的两款著名小吃，以及著名的圣家族大教堂
注：本文目的主要是为学生总结新视野大学英语视听说一书中出现的文化背景知识。对于其他读者也可以顺便浏览一些英语文化背景知识。中英文不是对照关系。
1 Robin Hood Festival
罗宾汉节
a festival that takes place for one week in August every year in Sherwood Forest, an ancient woodland in Nottinghamshire, england. the event celebrates the life and times of one of the most popular outlaws in the world:robin Hood. Activities and entertainment include children's theater, strolling players, jesters, jousting, and music. robin Hood is a legendary figure who is portrayed as a romantic medieval bowman who lived as an outlaw, outsmarting and stealing from the wealthy to help the poor and oppressed.
2 the King's Head
a well-known pub in Islington in North London
From its official website: "Welcome to the King's Head, a Gastrobpub in the Old Port, Portland, Maine. We are dedicated to bringing you the very best craft beer (with a 96 rating on Beer Advocate) and outstanding locally sourced food. We are located in the Pierce Atwood building at 254 Commercial Street. The wharf we are on was created with refuse and debris created by King George III's shelling and burning of the Old Port of what was then Falmouth, Mass. The charred remains were pushed into the water to create the foundation for our space. "
3 Brick Lane
located in the East End of London. there are a popular flea market and los of restaurants and shops.
From Wikipedia:"is a street in east London, England, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It runs from Swanfield Street in the northern part of Bethnal Green, crosses Bethnal Green Road in Shoreditch, passes through Spitalfields and is linked to Whitechapel High Street to the south by the short stretch of Osborn Street. Today, it is the heart of the city's Bangladeshi-Sylheti community and is known to some as Banglatown. It is famous for its many curry houses."
Brick Lane(伦敦砖巷)毗邻Spitalfields，从Spitalfields Market走过去也只有6、7分钟的路程，也是一个坐落在东伦敦的市集。可能很多在伦敦的童鞋都知道，东伦敦可以说是亚文化的一个代名词。这里聚集着最多元的肤色，也产生了最多元的亚文化。而位于东伦敦心脏地段的Brick Lane则担当起这个多元社区的一个缩影。因此，它不仅仅是一个复古集市那么简单，它还是这个地区的移民文化象征。与Spitalfields悠久历史带来的复古感不同的是，Brick Lane集市更加时髦前卫，而且是一种来自亚文化，带有反叛色彩的时尚。这首先体现在Brick Lane最出名的涂鸦街，各式各样夸张的涂鸦遍布好几个街道，以至于这个区域甚至成为世界上最具有代表性的涂鸦文化区域之一。
4 the national Gallery
From Wikipedia:"The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900.
The Gallery is an exempt charity, and a non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Its collection belongs to the government on behalf of the British public, and entry to the main collection is free of charge. It is among the most visited art museums in the world, after the Louvre, the British Museum, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art."
国家美术馆，是一座位于英国伦敦市中心特拉法加广场北侧的美术馆，成立于1824年。国家美术馆收集了从13世纪至19世纪、多达2,300件的绘画作品。由于其收藏属于英国公众，因此美术馆是以免费参观的方式向大众开放，但偶尔也有要收费的特展。 作品以1260年至1900年之间为主。
5 Barcelona
From Wikipedia: "Barcelona is a city in Spain. It is the capital and largest city of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits,[2] its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.7 million people,[5] making it the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, Madrid, the Ruhr area and Milan.[3] It is the largest metropolis on the western Mediterranean Sea, located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs, and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range, the tallest peak of which is 512 metres (1,680 feet) high."
巴塞罗那是西班牙加泰罗尼亚首府和巴塞罗那省省会，位于伊比利亚半岛的东北面，濒临地中海，全市人口约160万，都会区人口则约500万，为加泰罗尼亚第一大城。加泰罗尼亚的议会、行政机构、高等法院等政府中枢机构，以及最高首长均驻设于此。
6 churro
a long, curly doughnut-like cake, usually eaten for breakfast
西班牙油条，亦有作译作吉拿棒、巧罗丝或是裘若，是一种源于西班牙的条状面食，但亦在拉丁美洲、法国、葡萄牙、美国及加勒比海多个以拉美裔人口为主的岛屿盛行，是当地早餐时经常会食用的食品。
7 tapas
delicious bar snacks made with fish, meat, vegetables, and salads
塔帕斯是西班牙饮食中重要的一部分，是指正餐之前作为前菜食用的各种小吃，也通常作为下酒菜。塔帕斯可以是凉菜，如各式奶酪及橄榄；也可以是热菜，如裹好面糊油炸的鱿鱼，煮马铃薯等等。塔帕斯最初作为佐酒用的小食，然而如今在西班牙的一些酒吧里，塔帕斯发展成为一种比较完整而复杂的菜式
8 La sagrada Familia
Antoni Gaudi's unfinished masterpiece. It is visited by millions of tourists every year and is one of Barcelona's most important landmarks. When Gaudi died in 1926 he'd worked on it for over 40 years. His unique style was inspired mainly by nature. Work continues on the building, butis not expected to b completed until 2026.
圣家宗座圣殿暨赎罪殿，一般简称为圣家堂，是位于西班牙加泰罗尼亚首府巴塞罗那的天主教教堂，由安东尼·高迪设计，其高耸与独特的建筑设计，使得该教堂成为巴塞罗那最为人所知的观光景点。
