当我在进行生物信息学分析的时候，需要使用samtools这个软件的附带软件bcftools来进行文件格式的转换，首先我通过sudo apt install samtools 安装了samtools这个软件，但是当我使用bcftools这个软件的时候报错，显示无法识别的命令，于是我就特地装了一遍bcftools，再次运行还是报错，显示版本过低，于是我查看samtools和bcftools的版本都很低，都是1.19，而老师课件使用的两者都是1.7，于是首先我想着，通过sudo apt-get update更新软件源，当我更新软件源后，再次重复上述过程安装二者并使用，但是版本仍未改变，因为我用的是阿里云的服务器，于是我想可能是服务器自身的软件源的问题，于是想着将软件源更改为ubuntu官方的软件源，通过
1、备份原始文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sources-aliyun-0.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sources-aliyun._backup
2、修改文件并添加源
vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sources-aliyun-0.list
并将下述内容添加到其后：
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic restricted multiverse main universe #Added by software-properties deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates restricted multiverse main universe #Added by software-properties # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security restricted multiverse main universe #Added by software-properties # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main # deb-src https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ xenial main # deb-src https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ xenial main # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
3、更新源
sudo apt-get update
但是报如下错：
首先是sources-aliyun._backup和/sources-aliyun-0.list放在了同一个文件夹，于是我将备份文件夹移到文件外，然后再次运行，仍然报错如下
报错显示Key is not abailable
于是通过下述命令进行修复（注意winehq.key不要生成在sources.list.d内）：
wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo apt-key add winehq.key
然后再次更新源 sudo apt-get update
本次成功，然后再次通过sudo apt install安装samtools和bcftools，安装后查看版本已成功更新为1.7版本，然后使用软件进行分析时也不再报错。
