TED Talk    How we read each other's minds?  我们如何解读他人的想法？   Speaker: Rebecca Saxe 第一课

Today I'm going to talk to you about the problem of other minds. 今天我要和大家谈的是有关于人的观念 

And the problem I'm going to talk about is not the familiar one from philosophy, which is, "How can we know whether other people have minds?" 接下来我要讲的内容 不是我们所熟悉的哲学的问题 比如“我们根本不知道 其它人是否真的有思想”

【跟读】 How can we know whether other people have minds?

That is, maybe you have a mind, and everyone else is just a really convincing robot. So that's a problem in philosophy, but for today's purposes I'm going to assume that many people in this audience have a mind, and that I don't have to worry about this.

也就是说，也学你是有思想的 但对其它人实际上不过就一机器人 这类问题都是哲学的问题 但为了今天的演讲，我会假设 这里的听众都有自己的思想， 所以我就不用担心“是否有观念”这个命题

There is a second problem that is maybe even more familiar to us as parents and teachers and spouses and novelists, which is, "Why is it so hard to know what somebody else wants or believes?" Or perhaps, more relevantly, "Why is it so hard to change what somebody else wants or believes?【跟读】"

第二个问题是 是像我们这些作为父母，老师,已婚之人还有小说家 经常碰到 “为什么去了解 别人的企图或者想法如此之难？" 也许更贴切的说法是 “为什么去改变他人的企图和信仰如此难？"

I think novelists put this best. Like Philip Roth, who said, "And yet, what are we to do about this terribly significant business of other people? So ill equipped are we all, to envision one another's interior workings and invisible aims." 我觉得小说家们最能描述这个问题 正如菲利普·罗斯所说 我们究竟对别人做了什么 恐怖的事？ 那就是我们所有人在没有能力的情况下 的去预想他人的内心想法 还有那些无法看见的目的” 

So as a teacher and as a spouse, this is, of course, a problem I confront every day.    【跟读】    当然，作为一名教师，而且还是一名一个已婚人士 我每天也同样遭遇类似的问题

But as a scientist, I'm interested in a different problem of other minds, and that is the one I'm going to introduce to you today. And that problem is, "How is it so easy to know other minds?"

 但是作为一名科学家，我对其它的不同于这些的观点更有兴趣 这也是我今天将要给大家介绍的内容 这个问题就是 “怎么才能简单的去知道别人的想法？”

So to start with an illustration, you need almost no information, one snapshot of a stranger, to guess what this woman is thinking, or what this man is. 我们以这张图片开始 你几乎不需要额外信息 第一眼看见这个陌生人 就能猜到这个女人在想什么 或者这个男人呢 

And put another way, the crux of the problem is the machine that we use for thinking about other minds, 换一种说法，这问题的纠结在于 我们是用什么样的机制去思考别人的想法， 

【跟读】The crux of the problem is the most important or difficult part of it.

our brain, is made up of pieces, brain cells, that we share with all other animals, with monkeys and mice and even sea slugs. 【填空】我们的大脑，是由各种成千上万的脑细胞所组成 这点和其它动物，如猴子 老鼠，甚至于软体动物都是一样

And yet, you put them together in a particular network, and what you get is the capacity to write Romeo and Juliet.  然而，当你把它们以某种特殊的网络组合在一起的时候 你就拥有书写《罗密欧与朱丽叶》这样的能力

Or to say, as Alan Greenspan did, "I know you think you understand what you thought I said, but I'm not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant."   或者说，像格林斯潘做过的一样 “我知道你认为自己已经能理解我说过的话 但是我不确定你是否真的听明白我说的内容 它是不是我要表达的意思” 

【选择】- "I know you think you understand what you thought I said, but I'm not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant."What does Saxe suggest by sharing this quote?   -People often misunderstand each other without realizing it.

【选择】- "So ill equipped are we all, to envision one another's interior workings and invisible aims." in this context, what does "another's interior workings" refer to?   -How one's mind works.