#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2019/3/15 21:29
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()# 可切换浏览器：Ie、Firefox
driver.maximize_window()# 浏览器窗口最大换
driver.implicitly_wait(8)# 设置隐式时间等待
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")# 访问地址
driver.quit()# 关闭浏览器
# 完整的脚本例子-----------------------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='kw']").send_keys("selenium")
# 搜索输入框输入Selenium.xpath定位、find_elements找的是一组元素，返回的是一个列表；
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='su']").click()# 点击百度一下按钮
time.sleep(2)# 导入时间模块，等待2秒
# 断言1
# 这里通过元素XPath表达式来确定该元素显示在结果列表，从而判断Selenium官网这个链接显示在结果列表。# 这里采用了相对元素定位方法/../
# 通过selenium方法is_displayed() 来判断我们的目标元素是否在页面显示。driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div/h3/a[text()='官网']/../a/em[text()='Selenium']").is_displayed()
driver.quit()
# 上述例子可把断言1换成断言2
# 断言2
ele_string = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div/h3/a[text()='官网']/../a").text
if (ele_string ==u"Selenium - Web Browser Automation"):
print "测试成功，结果和预期结果匹配！"
# 网页上获取自己想要的信息----------------
# 例如：获取到页面下的一些邮件信息
from seleniumimport webdriver
import re
driver = webdriver.Ie()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get("http://home.baidu.com/contact.html")# 页面地址
doc = driver.page_source# 得到页面源代码
emails = re.findall(r'[\w]+@[\w\.-]+', doc)# 利用正则，找出 xxx@xxx.xxx 的字段，保存到emails列表
for emailin emails:
print (email)
# 利用其他定位元素---------------------
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(6)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
try:# try except语句块来进行测试断言，这个在实际自动化测试脚本开发中，经常要用到处理异常
driver.find_element_by_id("kw")# 用ID方式定位百度输入框的元素位置，
# 还有其他一些定位方式
# tag name: driver.find_element_by_tag_name("form");
# link text: driver.find_element_by_link_text("新闻").凡是看到链接元素上面有文字描述的都可以采取find_element_by_link_text（）方法来进行元素定位
# partial link text： driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("主页").click()、
# class name ： driver.find_element_by_class_name("s_ipt") class name定位、
# name : driver.find_element_by_name("wd") name定位、
# css ： driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#su") 、 找 ‘百度一下’ 这个按钮、css定位方式
print ('test pass: ID found')
except Exception as e:
print ("Exception found", format(e))
driver.quit()
# 清空输入文本----------------------
driver.find_element_by_id("kw").clear()
# 刷新页面方法---------------------
driver.refresh()
# 浏览器中的前进、后退操作-------------------
# driver.back()
# driver.forward()
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(6)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
time.sleep(2)
elem_news = driver.find_element_by_link_text("新闻")
elem_news.click()# 点击进入到百度新闻time.sleep(2)
driver.back()# 从百度新闻后退到百度首页time.sleep(2)
driver.forward()# 百度首页前进到百度新闻time.sleep(2)
driver.quit()
# 获取浏览器版本----------------------------------
print (driver.capabilities['version'])
# current_url 方法可以得到当前页面的URL----------
print (driver.current_url)
# title方法可以获取当前页面的标题显示的字段-------
print (driver.title)
# 浏览器中重新开一个tab，利用键盘快捷键（ctrl+t）-----------------
ele = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL +'t')
# 例
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(6)
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/")
time.sleep(1)
ele = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL +'t'# 触发ctrl + t
time.sleep(1)
# 点击单选框-----------------------------
for iin driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//*/input[@type='radio']"):
i.click()
# 例
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://news.baidu.com')
driver.implicitly_wait(8)
for iin driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//*/input[@type='radio']"):
i.click()
# 点击复选框-----------------------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Ie()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
driver.implicitly_wait(8)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='u1']/a[7]").click()
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='TANGRAM__PSP_10__footerULoginBtn']").click()
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='TANGRAM__PSP_10__memberPass']").click()
# 设置屏幕分辨率-----------------------------------
driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)
driver.set_window_size(1280, 800)
# 例
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()# 全屏driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
time.sleep(1)
print (driver.get_window_size())
driver.set_window_size(1280, 800)# 分辨率1280*800
time.sleep(1)
print (driver.get_window_size())
driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)# 分辨率1024*768
time.sleep(1)
print (driver.get_window_size())
# title断言--------------------------------------------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
time.sleep(1)
# 方法一try:
assert u"百度一下" in driver.title
print ('Assertion test pass.')
except Exception as e:
print ('Assertion test fail.', format(e))
# 方法二if u"百度一下，你就知道" == driver.title:
print ('Assertion test pass.')
else:
print ('Assertion test fail.')
print driver.title
# 获取错误信息进行对比、匹配------------------------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(6)
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/")
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='u1']/a[7]").click()
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='TANGRAM__PSP_8__submit']").click()
# 断言方法一try:
error_message = driver.find_element_by_xpath(
"//*[@id='TANGRAM__PSP_8__error' and text()='请您填写手机/邮箱/用户名']").is_displayed()
print ("Test pass. the error message is display.")
except Exception as e:
print ("Test fail.", format(e))
# 断言方法二，本文重点介绍方法error_mes = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='TANGRAM__PSP_8__error']").text
try:
assert error_mes ==u'请您填写手机/邮箱/用户名'
print ('Test pass.')
except Exception as e:
print ("Test fail.", format(e))
# 断言验证某个按钮是否被选中
from seleniumimport webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Ie()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get("http://news.baidu.com/")
time.sleep(2)
# 验证元素大小是否符合需求设计---------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(6)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
time.sleep(1)
search_btn = driver.find_element_by_id('su')
print (search_btn.size)
# 页面文本全选操作ctrl+a------------------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
element = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body')
element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL +'a')
# 退格键删除信息操作-------------------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
element = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
element.send_keys("Selenium automation")
time.sleep(1)
element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL +'a')
element.send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE)
# 鼠标右键操作，如：右键点开按钮，选择选项-----------------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
from selenium.webdriverimport ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
time.sleep(2)
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='lg']/img")
actionChains = ActionChains(driver)
actionChains.context_click(element).send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).send_keys(Keys.ENTER).perform()
actionChains.context_click(element).send_keys('i').perform()
# 如何执行js脚本-----------------------------------
# 实例一 执行js脚本触发一个alert弹出框
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(6)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
time.sleep(1)
driver.execute_script("window.alert('这是一个alert弹框。');")# 注意这里的分号是英文输入法的分号，不能用中文
# 实例二 执行js脚本来控制浏览器竖向滚动条
# 打开百度贴吧，然后拖动滚动条到左侧 “地区”
# coding=utf-8
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(6)
driver.get("https://tieba.baidu.com/index.html")
time.sleep(1)
target_elem = driver.find_element_by_link_text("地区")
driver.execute_script("return arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", target_elem)# 用目标元素参考去拖动
driver.execute_script("scroll(0,2400)")# 这个是第二种方法，比较粗劣，大概的拖动
# 获取页面包含href元素的超链接，爬虫中常用-----------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(6)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
time.sleep(1)
for linkin driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//*[@href]"):
print (link.get_attribute('href'))
driver.quit()
# 截图保存操作，测试脚本中有异常报错时可用的该方法--------------------------
import time
from seleniumimport webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(6)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
time.sleep(1)
driver.get_screenshot_as_file("C:\\Users\\你的账户名\\Desktop\\baidu.png")
driver.quit()
