本文节选自《Spring 5核心原理》
1 自定义配置
1.1 配置application.properties文件
为了解析方便，我们用application.properties来代替application.xml文件，具体配置内容如下：
scanPackage=com.tom.demo
1.2 配置web.xml文件
大家都知道，所有依赖于Web容器的项目都是从读取web.xml文件开始的。我们先配置好web.xml中的内容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:javaee="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
version="2.4">
<display-name>Gupao Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>gpmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.tom.mvcframework.v1.servlet.GPDispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>application.properties</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>gpmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
其中的GPDispatcherServlet是模拟Spring实现的核心功能类。
1.3 自定义注解
@GPService注解如下：
package com.tom.mvcframework.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface GPService {
String value() default "";
}
@GPAutowired注解如下：
package com.tom.mvcframework.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface GPAutowired {
String value() default "";
}
@GPController注解如下：
package com.tom.mvcframework.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface GPController {
String value() default "";
}
@GPRequestMapping注解如下：
package com.tom.mvcframework.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface GPRequestMapping {
String value() default "";
}
@GPRequestParam注解如下：
package com.tom.mvcframework.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface GPRequestParam {
String value() default "";
}
1.4 配置注解
配置业务实现类DemoService：
package com.tom.demo.service.impl;
import com.tom.demo.service.IDemoService;
import com.tom.mvcframework.annotation.GPService;
/**
* 核心业务逻辑
*/
@GPService
public class DemoService implements IDemoService{
public String get(String name) {
return "My name is " + name;
}
}
配置请求入口类DemoAction：
package com.tom.demo.mvc.action;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.tom.demo.service.IDemoService;
import com.tom.mvcframework.annotation.GPAutowired;
import com.tom.mvcframework.annotation.GPController;
import com.tom.mvcframework.annotation.GPRequestMapping;
import com.tom.mvcframework.annotation.GPRequestParam;
@GPController
@GPRequestMapping("/demo")
public class DemoAction {
@GPAutowired private IDemoService demoService;
@GPRequestMapping("/query")
public void query(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp,
@GPRequestParam("name") String name){
String result = demoService.get(name);
try {
resp.getWriter().write(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@GPRequestMapping("/add")
public void add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp,
@GPRequestParam("a") Integer a, @GPRequestParam("b") Integer b){
try {
resp.getWriter().write(a + "+" + b + "=" + (a + b));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@GPRequestMapping("/remove")
public void remove(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp,
@GPRequestParam("id") Integer id){
}
}
至此，配置全部完成。
2 容器初始化1.0版本
所有的核心逻辑全部写在init()方法中，代码如下：
package com.tom.mvcframework.v1.servlet;
import com.tom.mvcframework.annotation.GPAutowired;
import com.tom.mvcframework.annotation.GPController;
import com.tom.mvcframework.annotation.GPRequestMapping;
import com.tom.mvcframework.annotation.GPService;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.*;
public class GPDispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {
private Map<String,Object> mapping = new HashMap<String, Object>();
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req,resp);}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
InputStream is = null;
try{
Properties configContext = new Properties();
is = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(config.getInitParameter ("contextConfigLocation"));
configContext.load(is);
String scanPackage = configContext.getProperty("scanPackage");
doScanner(scanPackage);
for (String className : mapping.keySet()) {
if(!className.contains(".")){continue;}
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
if(clazz.isAnnotationPresent(GPController.class)){
mapping.put(className,clazz.newInstance());
String baseUrl = "";
if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(GPRequestMapping.class)) {
GPRequestMapping requestMapping = clazz.getAnnotation (GPRequestMapping.class);
baseUrl = requestMapping.value();
}
Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
if(!method.isAnnotationPresent(GPRequestMapping.class)){ continue; }
GPRequestMapping requestMapping = method.getAnnotation (GPRequestMapping.class);
String url = (baseUrl + "/" + requestMapping.value()).replaceAll("/+", "/");
mapping.put(url, method);
System.out.println("Mapped " + url + "," + method);
}
}else if(clazz.isAnnotationPresent(GPService.class)){
GPService service = clazz.getAnnotation(GPService.class);
String beanName = service.value();
if("".equals(beanName)){beanName = clazz.getName();}
Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
mapping.put(beanName,instance);
for (Class<?> i : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
mapping.put(i.getName(),instance);
}
}else {continue;}
}
for (Object object : mapping.values()) {
if(object == null){continue;}
Class clazz = object.getClass();
if(clazz.isAnnotationPresent(GPController.class)){
Field [] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
if(!field.isAnnotationPresent(GPAutowired.class)){continue; }
GPAutowired autowired = field.getAnnotation(GPAutowired.class);
String beanName = autowired.value();
if("".equals(beanName)){beanName = field.getType().getName();}
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
field.set(mapping.get(clazz.getName()),mapping.get(beanName));
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}finally {
if(is != null){
try {is.close();} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
System.out.print("GP MVC Framework is init");
}
private void doScanner(String scanPackage) {
URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("/" + scanPackage.replaceAll ("\\.","/"));
File classDir = new File(url.getFile());
for (File file : classDir.listFiles()) {
if(file.isDirectory()){ doScanner(scanPackage + "." + file.getName());}else {
if(!file.getName().endsWith(".class")){continue;}
String clazzName = (scanPackage + "." + file.getName().replace(".class",""));
mapping.put(clazzName,null);
}
}
}
}
3 请求执行
重点实现doGet()和doPost()方法，实际上就是在doGet()和doPost()方法中调用doDispatch()方法，具体代码如下：
public class GPDispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {
private Map<String,Object> mapping = new HashMap<String, Object>();
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req,resp);}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
doDispatch(req,resp);
} catch (Exception e) {
resp.getWriter().write("500 Exception " + Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace()));
}
}
private void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {
String url = req.getRequestURI();
String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
url = url.replace(contextPath, "").replaceAll("/+", "/");
if(!this.mapping.containsKey(url)){resp.getWriter().write("404 Not Found!!");return;}
Method method = (Method) this.mapping.get(url);
Map<String,String[]> params = req.getParameterMap();
method.invoke(this.mapping.get(method.getDeclaringClass().getName()),new Object[]{req,resp,params.get("name")[0]});
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
...
}
}
4 优化并实现2.0版本
在1.0版本上进行优化，采用常用的设计模式（工厂模式、单例模式、委派模式、策略模式），将init()方法中的代码进行封装。按照之前的实现思路，先搭基础框架，再“填肉注血”，具体代码如下：
//初始化阶段
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
//1. 加载配置文件
doLoadConfig(config.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation"));
//2. 扫描相关的类
doScanner(contextConfig.getProperty("scanPackage"));
//3. 初始化扫描到的类，并且将它们放入IoC容器中
doInstance();
//4. 完成依赖注入
doAutowired();
//5. 初始化HandlerMapping
initHandlerMapping();
System.out.println("GP Spring framework is init.");
}
声明全局成员变量，其中IoC容器就是注册时单例的具体案例：
//保存application.properties配置文件中的内容
private Properties contextConfig = new Properties();
//保存扫描的所有的类名
private List<String> classNames = new ArrayList<String>();
//传说中的IoC容器，我们来揭开它的神秘面纱
//为了简化程序，暂时不考虑ConcurrentHashMap
//主要还是关注设计思想和原理
private Map<String,Object> ioc = new HashMap<String,Object>();
//保存url和Method的对应关系
private Map<String,Method> handlerMapping = new HashMap<String,Method>();
实现doLoadConfig()方法：
//加载配置文件
private void doLoadConfig(String contextConfigLocation) {
//直接通过类路径找到Spring主配置文件所在的路径
//并且将其读取出来放到Properties对象中
//相当于将scanPackage=com.tom.demo保存到了内存中
InputStream fis = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(contextConfigLocation);
try {
contextConfig.load(fis);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(null != fis){
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
实现doScanner()方法：
//扫描相关的类
private void doScanner(String scanPackage) {
//scanPackage = com.tom.demo ，存储的是包路径
//转换为文件路径，实际上就是把.替换为/
URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("/" + scanPackage.replaceAll ("\\.","/"));
File classPath = new File(url.getFile());
for (File file : classPath.listFiles()) {
if(file.isDirectory()){
doScanner(scanPackage + "." + file.getName());
}else{
if(!file.getName().endsWith(".class")){ continue;}
String className = (scanPackage + "." + file.getName().replace(".class",""));
classNames.add(className);
}
}
}
实现doInstance()方法，doInstance()方法就是工厂模式的具体实现：
private void doInstance() {
//初始化，为DI做准备
if(classNames.isEmpty()){return;}
try {
for (String className : classNames) {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
//什么样的类才需要初始化呢？
//加了注解的类才初始化，怎么判断？
//为了简化代码逻辑，主要体会设计思想，只用@Controller和@Service举例，
//@Componment等就不一一举例了
if(clazz.isAnnotationPresent(GPController.class)){
Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
//Spring默认类名首字母小写
String beanName = toLowerFirstCase(clazz.getSimpleName());
ioc.put(beanName,instance);
}else if(clazz.isAnnotationPresent(GPService.class)){
//1. 自定义的beanName
GPService service = clazz.getAnnotation(GPService.class);
String beanName = service.value();
//2. 默认类名首字母小写
if("".equals(beanName.trim())){
beanName = toLowerFirstCase(clazz.getSimpleName());
}
Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
ioc.put(beanName,instance);
//3. 根据类型自动赋值，这是投机取巧的方式
for (Class<?> i : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
if(ioc.containsKey(i.getName())){
throw new Exception("The “" + i.getName() + "” is exists!!");
}
//把接口的类型直接当成key
ioc.put(i.getName(),instance);
}
}else {
continue;
}
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
为了处理方便，自己实现了toLowerFirstCase()方法，来实现类名首字母小写，具体代码如下：
//将类名首字母改为小写
private String toLowerFirstCase(String simpleName) {
char [] chars = simpleName.toCharArray();
//之所以要做加法，是因为大、小写字母的ASCII码相差32
//而且大写字母的ASCII码要小于小写字母的ASCII码
//在Java中，对char做算术运算实际上就是对ASCII码做算术运算
chars[0] += 32;
return String.valueOf(chars);
}
实现doAutowired()方法：
//自动进行依赖注入
private void doAutowired() {
if(ioc.isEmpty()){return;}
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : ioc.entrySet()) {
//获取所有的字段，包括private、protected、default类型的
//正常来说，普通的OOP编程只能获得public类型的字段
Field[] fields = entry.getValue().getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
if(!field.isAnnotationPresent(GPAutowired.class)){continue;}
GPAutowired autowired = field.getAnnotation(GPAutowired.class);
//如果用户没有自定义beanName，默认就根据类型注入
//这个地方省去了对类名首字母小写的情况的判断，这个作为课后作业请“小伙伴们”自己去实现
String beanName = autowired.value().trim();
if("".equals(beanName)){
//获得接口的类型，作为key，稍后用这个key到IoC容器中取值
beanName = field.getType().getName();
}
//如果是public以外的类型，只要加了@Autowired注解都要强制赋值
//反射中叫作暴力访问
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
//用反射机制动态给字段赋值
field.set(entry.getValue(),ioc.get(beanName));
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
实现initHandlerMapping()方法，HandlerMapping就是策略模式的应用案例：
//初始化url和Method的一对一关系
private void initHandlerMapping() {
if(ioc.isEmpty()){ return; }
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : ioc.entrySet()) {
Class<?> clazz = entry.getValue().getClass();
if(!clazz.isAnnotationPresent(GPController.class)){continue;}
//保存写在类上面的@GPRequestMapping("/demo")
String baseUrl = "";
if(clazz.isAnnotationPresent(GPRequestMapping.class)){
GPRequestMapping requestMapping = clazz.getAnnotation(GPRequestMapping.class);
baseUrl = requestMapping.value();
}
//默认获取所有的public类型的方法
for (Method method : clazz.getMethods()) {
if(!method.isAnnotationPresent(GPRequestMapping.class)){continue;}
GPRequestMapping requestMapping = method.getAnnotation(GPRequestMapping.class);
//优化
String url = ("/" + baseUrl + "/" + requestMapping.value())
.replaceAll("/+","/");
handlerMapping.put(url,method);
System.out.println("Mapped :" + url + "," + method);
}
}
}
到这里初始化的工作完成，接下来实现运行的逻辑，来看doGet()和doPost()方法的代码：
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//运行阶段
try {
doDispatch(req,resp);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
resp.getWriter().write("500 Exection,Detail : " + Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace()));
}
}
doPost()方法中用了委派模式，委派模式的具体逻辑在doDispatch()方法中实现：
private void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws Exception {
String url = req.getRequestURI();
String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
url = url.replaceAll(contextPath,"").replaceAll("/+","/");
if(!this.handlerMapping.containsKey(url)){
resp.getWriter().write("404 Not Found!!");
return;
}
Method method = this.handlerMapping.get(url);
//第一个参数：方法所在的实例
//第二个参数：调用时所需要的实参
Map<String,String[]> params = req.getParameterMap();
//投机取巧的方式
String beanName = toLowerFirstCase(method.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName());
method.invoke(ioc.get(beanName),new Object[]{req,resp,params.get("name")[0]});
//System.out.println(method);
}
在以上代码中，doDispatch()虽然完成了动态委派并进行了反射调用，但对url参数的处理还是静态的。要实现url参数的动态获取，其实有些复杂。我们可以优化doDispatch()方法的实现，代码如下：
private void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws Exception {
String url = req.getRequestURI();
String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
url = url.replaceAll(contextPath,"").replaceAll("/+","/");
if(!this.handlerMapping.containsKey(url)){
resp.getWriter().write("404 Not Found!!");
return;
}
Method method = this.handlerMapping.get(url);
//第一个参数：方法所在的实例
//第二个参数：调用时所需要的实参
Map<String,String[]> params = req.getParameterMap();
//获取方法的形参列表
Class<?> [] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
//保存请求的url参数列表
Map<String,String[]> parameterMap = req.getParameterMap();
//保存赋值参数的位置
Object [] paramValues = new Object[parameterTypes.length];
//根据参数位置动态赋值
for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i ++){
Class parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
if(parameterType == HttpServletRequest.class){
paramValues[i] = req;
continue;
}else if(parameterType == HttpServletResponse.class){
paramValues[i] = resp;
continue;
}else if(parameterType == String.class){
//提取方法中加了注解的参数
Annotation[] [] pa = method.getParameterAnnotations();
for (int j = 0; j < pa.length ; j ++) {
for(Annotation a : pa[i]){
if(a instanceof GPRequestParam){
String paramName = ((GPRequestParam) a).value();
if(!"".equals(paramName.trim())){
String value = Arrays.toString(parameterMap.get(paramName))
.replaceAll("\\[|\\]","")
.replaceAll("\\s",",");
paramValues[i] = value;
}
}
}
}
}
}
//投机取巧的方式
//通过反射获得Method所在的Class，获得Class之后还要获得Class的名称
//再调用toLowerFirstCase获得beanName
String beanName = toLowerFirstCase(method.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName());
method.invoke(ioc.get(beanName),new Object[]{req,resp,params.get("name")[0]});
}
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