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前言
Android端计步代码，经测试较为精准。使用了计步传感器（耗能低，准确度高）和加速度传感器（适用度广，基本上各个手机上都有这个传感器），代码中牵涉到数据的操作，数据库我使用的是GreenDao，相关代码就不贴了，因为配置一下就好了，毕竟重在计步嘛
主要使用到的技术：
- 传感器的使用
- 广播监听
- 计时类
- 常驻通知
- 使用Messenger进行跨进程通信
- 计步算法
效果图
计步变化
实物不好拍摄，就直接录了个GIF，实际用着还是不错的。
废话不多说，直接上代码
public class StepService extends Service implements SensorEventListener {
//TAG
private static String TAG = "StepService";
//存储间隔
private static int duration = 3000;
//当前日期
private static String CURRENT_DATE = "";
//传感器
private SensorManager sensorManager;
//广播--监听手机状态变化
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver;
//===============================================倒计时
private TimeCount time;
//===============================================数据库操作
private StepsDao stepsDao = DBUtil.getStepsDao();
//当前步数
private int CURRENT_STEPS;
//期望步数
private float EXPECT_STEPS;
//计步传感器类型 0-counter 1-detector
private static int stepSensor = -1;
//是否记录
private boolean hasRecord = false;
//已经走过的步数
private int hasStepCount = 0;
//以前走过的步数
private int previousStepCount = 0;
//===============================================采用加速度传感器所要用到的变量
public static float SENSITIVITY = 10; // SENSITIVITY灵敏度
private float mLastValues[] = new float[3 * 2];
private float mScale[] = new float[2];
private float mYOffset;
private static long end = 0;
private static long start = 0;
/**
* 最后加速度方向
*/
private float mLastDirections[] = new float[3 * 2];
private float mLastExtremes[][] = { new float[3 * 2], new float[3 * 2] };
private float mLastDiff[] = new float[3 * 2];
private int mLastMatch = -1;
//===============================================messenger
//跨进程通信--使用Messenger方式
private Messenger messengerFromService = new Messenger(new MessengerHandler());
private Messenger messengerFromClient;
private class MessengerHandler extends Handler{
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
switch (msg.what){
case Constants.MSG_FROM_CLIENT:
messengerFromClient = msg.replyTo;
StepService.this.sendMessage();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
//===============================================通知相关
private static final int NOTIFI_ID = 100;
//格式管理
private DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#0.0");
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
EXPECT_STEPS = 8000f;
//初始化广播
initBroadcastReceiver();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//获取传感器类型
startStepDetector();
}
}).start();
startTimeCount();
initTodayData();
}
/**
* 取得今日日期
* @return
*/
private String getTodayDate(){
Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
return sdf.format(date);
}
/**
* 初始化当天的步数
*/
private void initTodayData() {
CURRENT_DATE = getTodayDate();
//===============================================在这里进行数据新的一列的存储
//通过日期匹配，当数据中有今日步数的行，那么将步数值进行读取，如果没有那么久新增一行，并将CURRENT_STEP存储进去
QueryBuilder qb = stepsDao.queryBuilder();
qb.where(StepsDao.Properties.Date.eq(getTodayDate()));
Steps steps = (Steps) qb.unique();
if(steps!=null){
CURRENT_STEPS = steps.getUStep();
}else{
//增加一行
Steps stepsAdd = new Steps();
stepsAdd.setDate(CURRENT_DATE);
stepsAdd.setUStep(0);
stepsAdd.setHasUpLoad(false);
stepsDao.insert(stepsAdd);
}
}
/**
* 获取当前步数占有率
*/
private String getCurrentOccupancy(){
//默认8000，完善时在Service启动的时候进行复制
return df.format((float)CURRENT_STEPS/EXPECT_STEPS*100);
}
/**
* 获取传感器实例
*/
private void startStepDetector() {
if(sensorManager!=null){
sensorManager = null;
}
sensorManager = (SensorManager) this.getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);
addCountStepListener();
}
Sensor countSensor ;
Sensor detectorSensor ;
Sensor accelerateSensor;
private void addCountStepListener() {
countSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_STEP_COUNTER);
detectorSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR);
//利用加速度传感器
accelerateSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
if(countSensor!=null){
//选择计步传感器
stepSensor = 0;
Log.i(TAG,"计步传感器");
sensorManager.registerListener(StepService.this,countSensor,SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);
}else if(detectorSensor!=null){
//步数检测器
stepSensor = 1;
Log.i(TAG,"步数监测器");
sensorManager.registerListener(StepService.this,detectorSensor,SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST);
}else if(accelerateSensor != null){
stepSensor = 2;
int h = 480;
mYOffset = h * 0.5f;
mScale[0] = -(h * 0.5f * (1.0f / (SensorManager.STANDARD_GRAVITY * 2)));
mScale[1] = -(h * 0.5f * (1.0f / (SensorManager.MAGNETIC_FIELD_EARTH_MAX)));
Log.i(TAG,"加速度传感器");
sensorManager.registerListener(StepService.this,accelerateSensor,SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST);
}
}
/**
* 传感器回调
* @param event
*/
@Override
public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
if(stepSensor == 0){
int tempStep = (int) event.values[0];
if(!hasRecord){
hasRecord = true;
hasStepCount = tempStep;
}else{
int thisStepCount = tempStep -hasStepCount;
CURRENT_STEPS+=(thisStepCount-previousStepCount);
previousStepCount = thisStepCount;
}
sendMessage();
setNotification();
}else if(stepSensor == 1){
if(event.values[0] == 1.0){
hasRecord = true;
CURRENT_STEPS++;
sendMessage();
setNotification();
}
}else if(stepSensor == 2){
hasRecord = true;
synchronized (this) {
float vSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
final float v = mYOffset + event.values[i] * mScale[1];
vSum += v;
}
int k = 0;
float v = vSum / 3;
float direction = (v > mLastValues[k] ? 1
: (v < mLastValues[k] ? -1 : 0));
if (direction == -mLastDirections[k]) {
// Direction changed
int extType = (direction > 0 ? 0 : 1); // minumum or
// maximum?
mLastExtremes[extType][k] = mLastValues[k];
float diff = Math.abs(mLastExtremes[extType][k]
- mLastExtremes[1 - extType][k]);
if (diff > SENSITIVITY) {
boolean isAlmostAsLargeAsPrevious = diff > (mLastDiff[k] * 2 / 3);
boolean isPreviousLargeEnough = mLastDiff[k] > (diff / 3);
boolean isNotContra = (mLastMatch != 1 - extType);
if (isAlmostAsLargeAsPrevious && isPreviousLargeEnough
&& isNotContra) {
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (end - start > 500) {// 此时判断为走了一步
CURRENT_STEPS++;
sendMessage();
setNotification();
mLastMatch = extType;
start = end;
}
} else {
mLastMatch = -1;
}
}
mLastDiff[k] = diff;
}
mLastDirections[k] = direction;
mLastValues[k] = v;
}
}
}
@Override
public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
}
private void sendMessage(){
Message msg = Message.obtain(null,Constants.MSG_FROM_SERVICE);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putInt("currentSteps",CURRENT_STEPS);
msg.setData(bundle);
try {
if(hasRecord&&messengerFromClient!=null) {
messengerFromClient.send(msg);
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 注册广播
*/
private void initBroadcastReceiver() {
final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
// 屏幕灭屏广播
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF);
//关机广播
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SHUTDOWN);
// 屏幕亮屏广播
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON);
// 屏幕解锁广播
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT);
// 当长按电源键弹出“关机”对话或者锁屏时系统会发出这个广播
// 所以监听这个广播，当收到时就隐藏自己的对话，如点击pad右下角部分弹出的对话框
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS);
//监听日期变化
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_DATE_CHANGED);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIME_CHANGED);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIME_TICK);
mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON.equals(action)){
Log.i(TAG,"ScreenOn");
} else if (Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF.equals(action)) {
Log.i(TAG,"ScreenOff");
//60s
duration = 6000;
}else if (Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT.equals(action)){
Log.i(TAG,"screen unlock");
save();
//30s
duration = 3000;
}else if(Intent.ACTION_SHUTDOWN.equals(action)){
Log.i(TAG,"shutdown");
save();
}else if(Intent.ACTION_DATE_CHANGED.equals(action)){
save();
isNewDay();
}else if(Intent.ACTION_TIME_CHANGED.equals(action)){
save();
isNewDay();
}else if(Intent.ACTION_TIME_TICK.equals(action)){
save();
// isNewDay();
}else if("ANewacount".equals(action)){
//当时一个新用户登录的时候
//清除数据
Log.i(TAG,"收到新账户广播");
initTodayData();
}
}
};
registerReceiver(mReceiver,filter);
}
/**
* 0点时初始化数据
*/
private void isNewDay() {
String time = "00:00";
if(time.equals(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm").format(new Date()))||(!CURRENT_DATE.equals(getTodayDate()))){
initTodayData();
}
}
/**
* 存储到数据中去
*/
private void save() {
int tempStep = CURRENT_STEPS;
QueryBuilder qb = stepsDao.queryBuilder();
qb.where(StepsDao.Properties.Date.eq(getTodayDate()));
Steps steps = (Steps) qb.unique();
//不为空时，说明还未到12点，我们进行更新就行，为空说明为最后一次存储
if(steps!=null){
steps.setUStep(tempStep);
steps.setDate(CURRENT_DATE);
stepsDao.update(steps);
}else{
steps = new Steps();
steps.setUStep(tempStep);
steps.setDate(CURRENT_DATE);
stepsDao.update(steps);
}
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return messengerFromService.getBinder();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
setNotification();
return START_STICKY;
//如果被系统kill掉，系统会自动将kill时的状态保留为开始状态，之后进行重连
}
private void setNotification() {
PendingIntent pd = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,0,new Intent(this, MainViewActivity.class),0);
//在这里进行前台服务
Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this)
.setOngoing(true)
.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.poplog)
.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(this.getResources(),R.drawable.poplog))
.setContentTitle("当前步数"+CURRENT_STEPS)
.setContentText("今日完成百分比"+getCurrentOccupancy()+"%")
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
.setContentIntent(pd);
startForeground(NOTIFI_ID,builder.build());
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//取消前台进程
stopForeground(true);
unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
//注销各传感器
if(countSensor!= null || detectorSensor != null || accelerateSensor != null){
sensorManager.unregisterListener(StepService.this);
}
}
/**
* 开始计时
*/
private void startTimeCount() {
time = new TimeCount(duration,1000);
time.start();
}
private class TimeCount extends CountDownTimer{
/**
* @param millisInFuture The number of millis in the future from the call
* to {@link #start()} until the countdown is done and {@link #onFinish()}
* is called.
* @param countDownInterval The interval along the way to receive
* {@link #onTick(long)} callbacks.
*/
public TimeCount(long millisInFuture, long countDownInterval) {
super(millisInFuture, countDownInterval);
}
@Override
public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
}
@Override
public void onFinish() {
//如果计时器正常结束，则开始计步
time.cancel();
save();
startTimeCount();
}
}
}
代码分析
onCreate
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
EXPECT_STEPS = 8000f;
//初始化广播
initBroadcastReceiver();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//获取传感器类型
startStepDetector();
}
}).start();
startTimeCount();
initTodayData();
}
代码上写得很简单明了，即：初始广播，获取传感器类型，开始计时，以及初始化日期
初始化广播
/**
* 注册广播
*/
private void initBroadcastReceiver() {
final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
// 屏幕灭屏广播
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF);
//关机广播
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SHUTDOWN);
// 屏幕亮屏广播
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON);
// 屏幕解锁广播
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT);
// 当长按电源键弹出“关机”对话或者锁屏时系统会发出这个广播
// 所以监听这个广播，当收到时就隐藏自己的对话，如点击pad右下角部分弹出的对话框
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS);
//监听日期变化
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_DATE_CHANGED);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIME_CHANGED);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIME_TICK);
mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON.equals(action)){
Log.i(TAG,"ScreenOn");
} else if (Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF.equals(action)) {
Log.i(TAG,"ScreenOff");
//60s
duration = 6000;
}else if (Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT.equals(action)){
Log.i(TAG,"screen unlock");
save();
//30s
duration = 3000;
}else if(Intent.ACTION_SHUTDOWN.equals(action)){
Log.i(TAG,"shutdown");
save();
}else if(Intent.ACTION_DATE_CHANGED.equals(action)){
save();
isNewDay();
}else if(Intent.ACTION_TIME_CHANGED.equals(action)){
save();
isNewDay();
}else if(Intent.ACTION_TIME_TICK.equals(action)){
save();
// isNewDay();
}else if("ANewacount".equals(action)){
//当时一个新用户登录的时候
//清除数据
Log.i(TAG,"收到新账户广播");
initTodayData();
}
}
};
registerReceiver(mReceiver,filter);
}
在这段代码里，主要是监听用户手机状态的改变，根据状态的改变进行不同的操作，如“用户关机时，将当前步数进行保存”、“当到达凌晨0点时需要进行新的一天的数据库更新”等等。别忘了注销Receiver哦
获取传感器
/**
* 获取传感器实例
*/
private void startStepDetector() {
if(sensorManager!=null){
sensorManager = null;
}
sensorManager = (SensorManager) this.getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);
addCountStepListener();
}
Sensor countSensor ;
Sensor detectorSensor ;
Sensor accelerateSensor;
private void addCountStepListener() {
countSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_STEP_COUNTER);
detectorSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR);
//利用加速度传感器
accelerateSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
if(countSensor!=null){
//选择计步传感器
stepSensor = 0;
Log.i(TAG,"计步传感器");
sensorManager.registerListener(StepService.this,countSensor,SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);
}else if(detectorSensor!=null){
//步数检测器
stepSensor = 1;
Log.i(TAG,"步数监测器");
sensorManager.registerListener(StepService.this,detectorSensor,SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST);
}else if(accelerateSensor != null){
stepSensor = 2;
int h = 480;
mYOffset = h * 0.5f;
mScale[0] = -(h * 0.5f * (1.0f / (SensorManager.STANDARD_GRAVITY * 2)));
mScale[1] = -(h * 0.5f * (1.0f / (SensorManager.MAGNETIC_FIELD_EARTH_MAX)));
Log.i(TAG,"加速度传感器");
sensorManager.registerListener(StepService.this,accelerateSensor,SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST);
}
}
这个没什么好说的，就是获取各个传感器对象，首先选择的是计步传感器，如果没有计步传感器那么久检查是否有加速度传感器，同样的别忘了注销传感器对象。
计步的核心代码
/**
* 传感器回调
* @param event
*/
@Override
public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
if(stepSensor == 0){
int tempStep = (int) event.values[0];
if(!hasRecord){
hasRecord = true;
hasStepCount = tempStep;
}else{
int thisStepCount = tempStep -hasStepCount;
CURRENT_STEPS+=(thisStepCount-previousStepCount);
previousStepCount = thisStepCount;
}
sendMessage();
setNotification();
}else if(stepSensor == 1){
if(event.values[0] == 1.0){
hasRecord = true;
CURRENT_STEPS++;
sendMessage();
setNotification();
}
}else if(stepSensor == 2){
hasRecord = true;
synchronized (this) {
float vSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
final float v = mYOffset + event.values[i] * mScale[1];
vSum += v;
}
int k = 0;
float v = vSum / 3;
float direction = (v > mLastValues[k] ? 1
: (v < mLastValues[k] ? -1 : 0));
if (direction == -mLastDirections[k]) {
// Direction changed
int extType = (direction > 0 ? 0 : 1); // minumum or
// maximum?
mLastExtremes[extType][k] = mLastValues[k];
float diff = Math.abs(mLastExtremes[extType][k]
- mLastExtremes[1 - extType][k]);
if (diff > SENSITIVITY) {
boolean isAlmostAsLargeAsPrevious = diff > (mLastDiff[k] * 2 / 3);
boolean isPreviousLargeEnough = mLastDiff[k] > (diff / 3);
boolean isNotContra = (mLastMatch != 1 - extType);
if (isAlmostAsLargeAsPrevious && isPreviousLargeEnough
&& isNotContra) {
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (end - start > 500) {// 此时判断为走了一步
CURRENT_STEPS++;
sendMessage();
setNotification();
mLastMatch = extType;
start = end;
}
} else {
mLastMatch = -1;
}
}
mLastDiff[k] = diff;
}
mLastDirections[k] = direction;
mLastValues[k] = v;
}
}
}
- 计步传感器
首先从传感器中拿到tempStep，它代表着从计步以来的总步数，所以需要记录上次走的步数，用这次步数减去上次走的步数得到的差值，再叠加，就可以得到当前走的总步数了。 - 加速度传感器
这部分的算法似乎是某个google的大神写的，我也没看懂 - 另外
sendMessage和setNotification分别为更新UI界面和更新通知栏。
写在最后
因为写这个功能的时候参看了不少代码，而且时间较为久了，参看了不少博文，忘了具体的博主了，这里就感谢所有博主了。ok，上课去了。
