crack：a narraw space or opening.

at the crack of dawn：very early in the morning.

Part I. Key Takeaways：

1. 遇到to, in, for 停顿一下，更有逻辑感。

2. 断句：不要只看标点才停顿，要根据语意和逻辑，将语块切割、重组。

3. rhetorical figures 修辞手法：

trope n.比喻；motif n.母题，意象

4. 重复和变化，交替在写作中出现会更好。

5. 同义替换：每学一个新词，都问问自己是否可以有替换的旧词，是复习的一个方式。

6. 当英语的一个音念的和中文一样，就是没念对。比如：men, when, ten 读音，带鼻音的时候一个音一个音的念；children的读音。

7. 按照语块记忆。

8. Take everything with a grain of salt. 凡事都要谨慎地看待。

Part II. 分句赏析：

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

@ happy：简单，但符合语境，更真诚。

@ join with：与...结合

@ go down in history：载入史册

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

@ score：n.二十  five score years 百年(致敬葛底斯堡演讲)

@ symbolic shadow：塑像

@ Emancipation Proclamation：奴隶解放宣言

@ in whose...插入语：缓和句子的节奏。

This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

@ momentous：very important or serious, especially because there may be important results.

@ decree：an official order from a ruler or a government that becomes the law.

@ the great beacon light of hope：伟大的灯塔希望之光

@ sear：vt. to cause somebody to feel sudden and great pain.

@ withering：adj. intended to make somebody to feel terrible or ashamed.

@ It come as...to do something...

@ end：When the song end, people scattered. 曲终人散。

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.

@ 注意细节：still is, still 的位置非常灵活。

@ cripple：vt.使变瘸(非常形象)

@ 语块：the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination

平行结构；押尾韵

manacle：n.手铐

@ 小词与大词交叉使用，比如：sadly，小词，但是形象、准确。

One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.

@ a vast ocean of

@ 韵律：poverty, prosperity

material prosperity 物质的丰富

One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

@ languishing：suffering, if someone languishes somewhere, they are forced to remain and suffer in an unpleasant situation.

@ society：通常前面不加the，i.e.进入社会，enter society.

@ find：1) find oneself+n. 发现自己是...；2) find oneself +v.-ing，i.e. When I come accross one writing piece, I find myself reciting.

@ exile：n. a person who chooses, or is forced to live away from his or her country.

@ dramatize：vt.使引人注目

( idolize 偶像化；demonize 妖魔化；monetize 变现；weaponize 使...武器化，i.e. They weaponized me. 他们把我当做武器。)

In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check.

@ in a sense：从某种程度上，你也可以这么理解

@ cash a check：兑现支票

When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.

@ architect：n.缔造者 The architect of an idea, event, or institution is the person who invented it or made it happen.

@ the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言

This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

@ unailenable：=inailenable  adj.不可剥夺的 that cannot be taken away from you.

@ black men as well as white men：as well as：相当于 not only B but also A，强调的是A，只要用as well as，强调的是前面的。

i.e. I'm Chinesem, and I have many foreign friends as well as Chineses friends. 逻辑正确。

@ guarantee someone something/ someone would be guaranteed

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned.

@ obvious：=evident

@ default on：拖欠，违约

default：v. default on something, to fail to do something that you legally have to do, especially by not paying a debt.

Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."

@ sacred：considered to be holy. adj.神圣的

@ a bad check（bad, 小词，但是准确恰当）

@ insufficient funds 余额不足

eg. Sorry, you have insufficient funds available.

NSF：none sufficient funds

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.

@ in the great vaults of

a vast ocean of material prosperity

in the great vaults of opportunity

a brake on the demand of cars

人们对车的需求有了一个刹车（意思是购车需求在减弱，brake n.刹车）

vault：n.金库，保险库

stage fright 怯场

And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

@ a hard act to follow：这是很难做到的；后无来者

@ riches：n.财富

@ security：n.证券

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.

@ hallowed：sacred  adj.神圣的

hallowed spot 神圣的地方

@ remind somebody of something：提醒某人做某事 remind of

@ tranquilize：vt. 使安静，使镇静

cool off ：平静下来

@ This is no time：no 在这里有强调的意思

Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice.

@ make real：玩真的 make real +sth.（宾语较长的时候）/make sth. real

其他变形：make sth. a reality

@ desolate：adj.荒凉的，无人烟的 empty and without people, making you feel sad or frightened.

Now is the time to lift our nation from the  quicksands of racial injustice to the solid  rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to  make justice a reality for all of God's  children.

@ quicksand：n.流沙，危险状态

对应 solid rock

i.e. My father is my rock. 父爱如山。

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.

按照语块记忆：

@ sweltering summer, sweltering  adj.extremely hot and uncomfortable 热得难受的

@ legitimate：adj.合理的

legitimate discontent  合理的不满

@ invigorating：making you feel healthy and giving you a lotof energy 使人精力充沛的，使人生气勃勃的

Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual.

@ 口语表达：butcher v. Did I butcher it? Did I butcher your name? 我念错你的名字了么？

@ 连读：not an end；but a

@ Those who hope：who要轻读轻读再轻读

@ blow off steam：发泄不满，发脾气

@ rude：adj.突如其来的 unexpected

i.e. 猝不及防的狗粮 It came as a rude pda.

pda：public display affection 秀恩爱

@ business as usual：一如往常

And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

@ there will be neither A nor B untile C...

直到C出现，不可能有A和B.

@ on the spot 立刻，当成

@ whirlwind：n.旋风

@ revolt：n.反抗

@ emerge；shake 形象的小词

But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice:

@ threshold：n.门槛

In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.

@ be guilty of 对...感到愧疚，犯有...罪

After all, the end doesn't justify the means, often the means defines the end outcome.毕竟，结果并不能反映出方式的好坏，但方式通常直接决定结果。

@ thirst for something：渴求某事

=be long for

What I Have Lived For

Bertrand Russell

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing  for love, the search for knowledge, and  unbearable pity for the suffering of  mankind. The three passions, like great  winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of  anguish, reaching to the very verge of  despair.

对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情心，这三种纯洁而无比强烈的情感支配着我的一生。这三种情感，就像飓风一样，在深深的苦海上，肆意地把我吹来吹去，吹到濒临绝望的边缘。

( hither and thither  到处；wayward：adj.任性的；anguish：n.痛苦；verge：n.边缘 ）

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.

@ the high plane of：(思想)的高度

@ degenerate：vt.使退化 degenerate into

creative protest vs. physical violence

@ majestic：adj.庄严的

majestic heights of....神圣的高度

physical force vs. soul force

meet physical force with soul force 身体的力量和心灵的力量达到一样的高度，知行合一

@ Satyagraha Movement 非暴力不合作

unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. That is why right temporarily defeated is stronger than evil triumphant.

The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny.

@ marvelous：adj.了不起的，非凡的

@ militancy：n.交战状态

the marvelous new militancy 正面意象

@ engulf：形象，准确，有声音美

gulf：n.海湾

vt. to surround or to cover of sb./sth. completely.  包围，吞没，淹没

to affect sb./sth. very strongly  严重影响

i.e. Fear engulfed her. 她陷入深深的恐惧中。

@ evidence 做动词：vt.证明

as evidenced by somebody's some performance

常用结构：as evidenced by....

@ have come to realize...开始意识到，强调变化的过程

quick and dity answer 临时应急的；粗制滥造的

i.e. I got to know sb. from the public account.

@ their destiny is tied up with our destiny.

荣辱与共，休戚相关

And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.

@ their freedom is bound to our freedom

息息相关

@ inextricably：impossible to separate

adv.密不可分地

And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?"

@ walk the walk  说做就做，付诸行动

walk the talk 说到做到，言出必行

@ march ahead：向前进

turn back：往回走

There's no turning back. 没有回头路。

@ devotee：n.信徒

someone who enjoys or admires someone or something very much.

We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities.

@ police brutality：警察暴力

@ heavy with：充满

i'm heavy on salt. 我口重。

heavy on vs. light on

@ fatigue：n.疲劳

@ lodging：n.寄宿

@ motel：n.汽车旅馆

We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only."

@ mobility：n.流动性(社会/工作)

social mobility  社会阶级的流动性

@ ghetto：n.贫民区(slum：n.贫民窟)

@ strip：vt.剥夺  be stripped of sth.

rob：vt.抢劫，非法剥夺  be robbed of sth.

@ selfhood：n.自我，人格

@ 演讲的逻辑：社会-人（自身）-孩子，用情感打动受众。

We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro  in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in  New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a  mighty stream."

@ 地名的读法：重音在后面

@ roll down：滚下

@ waters：water用复数时，表示水域。

@ righteousness：n.正义，公正

I am not unmindful that some of you have  come here out of great trials and  tribulations. Some of you have come fresh  from narrow jail cells. And some of you  have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality.

@ not unmindful：双重否定，常见的双重否定：It is not uncommon.=It is common.

@ trial：n.努力，磨练

@ tribulation：n.苦难，磨难

@ batter：vt.猛击，打坏，连续击打

经常用于形容磨损的，破旧的

i.e. This is a battered car/house.

@ persecution：n.迫害

@ come fresh from

fresh off the boat  菜鸟新移民 FoB

@ dissident：n.持不同政见者

@ stagger：vt.蹒跚

You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.

@ be veteran of sth.

veteran：n.老手，老司机

@ Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.

祈使句，省略了Let us

@ unearned：adj.不相称的

@ redemptive：adj.救赎的

unearned suffering is redemptive.

经历了本不该承受的痛苦是一种救赎。

Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.

@ wallow：vi.沉迷 wallow in the valley of despair

@ somehow：adv. 以某种方法；莫名其妙地

i.e. Somehow my English improved dramatically.

And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

@ deeply rooted in

@ 即兴演讲：on the spot/improvise：to invent music, words, a statement etc  from your imagination, rather than planning or preparing it first

made it up as he went along 边想边说

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its  creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

@ 注意equal的发音

@ truths, th和s在一起时，th可以不念，两个音很近。

@ creat：单词内部有连读，e和a之间加j的音。

@ self-evident：adj.不言自明的

crystal clear  完全透明的；极其明白，十分清楚（crystal：n.水晶）

clear cut  清楚的，明确的；轮廓鲜明的

nip it in the bud  防患于未然（nip：vt.捏住，阻止；bud：n.萌芽）

It goes without saying  不言而喻；不消说

@  creed：n.信条，教义

@ live out：实现

live out sth./ live sth. out（当宾语sth.过长时候，就可以放在后面）

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and  the sons of former slave owners will be  able to sit down together at the table of  brotherhood.

@ 刻意练习：有反馈地练习

@ one, sun, son 的读音，要和song的读音区分开来

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the  heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat ofoppression, will be transformed into an  oasis of freedom and justice.

@ an oasis：注意连读

@ oppression：n.压抑，镇压，迫害

@ be transformed into

I have a dream that my four little children  will one day live in a nation where they will  not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today!

@ don't judge a book by the cover

不要以貌取人

@ they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

content of their character 内涵

@ fair, pale, dark, tanned, light 形容面容

（fair：adj.白皙的；pale：adj.苍白的；tanned：adj.被晒成棕褐色的；light：adj.浅色的）

一般不用black, white, 含有种族意味

@ get sth out of your chest  即兴，直抒胸臆

演讲中的神奇词汇：image

It sticks 流传下来

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words  of "interposition" and "nullification" --

@ vicuous：adj.恶毒的

@ racist：n.种族主义者

@ drip with：往下滴

@ interposition：n.干涉，介入

@ nullification：n.无效，废弃

one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

@ black boys：当adj.+n.时，重音放在前面的单词和重音放在后面的单词，表示的含义不同。

举例：

English teacher：重音在前：英国的老师

English teacher：重音在后：英语老师

Girl friend：重音在前：女性朋友

Girl friend：重音在后：女朋友

White house：重音在前：白色的房子

White house：重音在后：白宫

@ join hands with sb.：与...携手

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places willbe made plain, and the crooked  places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh  shall see it together."

翻译：我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，歧路化坦途，曲径成通衢，上帝的光华再现，普天下生灵共谒。

@ exalt：vt. 提升；提拔；赞扬；使得意

exalted：adj. 高尚的；尊贵的

@ crook：vt. 使弯曲；欺骗，诈骗

crooked：adj. 弯曲的；歪的

@ the gory of the Lord：耶和华的荣耀

@ flesh：n. 肉；肉体

This is our hope, and this is the faith that  I go back to the South with.With this faith,  we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.

@ hew：vi. 砍；劈；坚持

hew out：把…开采出来；开辟出

hew out of A a B

hew B out of A

take it out of the bag

take out of the bag a book

A：the bag；B：a book

@ that I：t和I，注意连读。

With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to  pray together, to struggle together, to go to  jail together, to stand up for freedom  together, knowing that we will be free one  day.

@ jangling：jangle的变形

n. 争吵，吵嚷；刺耳声

vt. 使发出刺耳声；使争论

vi. 刺耳响；争论，吵架

jangling discord：嘈杂刺耳的争吵

discord：n. 不和；不调和；嘈杂声

@ symphony：n. 交响乐；谐声，和声

@ 连续的排比：9个i have a dream, 3个with this faith

@ speak out and stand up for your rights

stand up for sth. 维护某事（常用表达）

speak out：畅所欲言；大胆地说；大声地说

关于读音：

no-brainer

come in handy

men, when, ten 读音，带鼻音的时候一个音一个音的念

children 读音

当英语的一个音念的和中文一样，就是没念对。

Old habits die hard. 积习难改。

And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:

"My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty; of thee I sing; land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride; from every mountainside, let freedom ring!"And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

Pilgrim 的读音，n.朝圣者

Only the one loved the pilgrim soul in you.

只有爱你那朝圣者的灵魂的那个人。

And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.  Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.

@ prodigious：adj. 惊人的，异常的，奇妙的；巨大的

拓展&联想：

prodigal son：n. 悔改的罪人；回头的浪子

prodigal：n. 浪子；挥霍者

adj. 挥霍的；十分慷慨的

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.  Let freedom ring from the curvaceous  slopes of California.                    But not only that: Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of  Georgia.

@ snow-capped：adj. 顶部被雪所盖着的

snow-clad：adj.银装素裹的

bare-clad：adj.赤裸的

@ clad：adj. 穿衣的；覆盖的

iron-clad：adj.无坚不摧的

@ riddle：vt. 解谜；给...出谜；充满于

riddled：adj. 充斥的；泛滥的

枪林弹雨的 bullet-riddled（x-riddled）

@ curvaceous：adj. 曲线美的；肉体美的

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

@ Lookout Mountain：观景峰

@ molehill：n. （由鼹鼠打洞扒出的泥土堆成的）鼹鼠丘；琐事；无意义的事；小困难（或障碍）

make a mountain out of a molehill 小题大做

@ mountainside：n. 山腰；山坡

And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:

Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!

@hamlet：n.小村庄

@ speed up：加速

@ allow to do sth./ let (to) do sth.

@ Jew：n.犹太人；Gentile：n.异教徒，异邦人

@ Protestant：n.新教徒；Catholic：n. 天主教徒（Catholic的复数形式）

@ spiritual：n. 圣歌（尤指美国南部黑人的）

@ mushy and cheesy：adj. 糊状的；感伤的，多愁善感的(虚伪的)

@ hyphen：n. 连字号；连字符

how-to：adj. 指引的；解释作法的

know-how：n. 诀窍；实际知识；专门技能

go-getter：n. 老手；能干的人

@ take everthing with a grain of salt.

凡事都要谨慎地看待。

grain：n.颗粒